A new source of cytoplasmic male sterility found in wild beet and its relationship to other CMS types

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kawanishi ◽  
Hiroshi Shinada ◽  
Muneyuki Matsunaga ◽  
Yusuke Masaki ◽  
Tetsuo Mikami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Restriction Map ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Wild Beet ◽  
Cytoplasmic Type

We found a number of male-sterile plants in a wild beet ( Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima) accession line, FR4-31. The inheritance study of the male sterility indicated the trait to be of the cytoplasmic type. The mitochondrial genome of FR4-31 proved to lack the male-sterility-associated genes preSatp6 and orf129, which are characteristic of the Owen CMS and I-12CMS(3) cytoplasms of beets, respectively. Instead, the truncated cox2 gene involved in G CMS originating from wild beets was present in the FR4-31 mitochondrial genome. In Southern hybridization using four mitochondrial gene probes, the FR4-31 cytoplasm showed patterns similar to those typical of the G cytoplasm. It is thus likely that the FR4-31 cytoplasm has a different CMS mechanism from both Owen CMS and I-12CMS(3), and that the FR4-31 and G cytoplasms resemble each other closely. A restriction map of the FR4-31 mitochondrial DNA was generated and aligned with those published for the Owen and normal fertile cytoplasms. The FR4-31 mitochondrial genome was revealed to differ extensively in arrangement from the Owen and normal genomes, and the male-sterile Owen and FR4-31 genomes seem to be derived independently from an ancestral genome.

scholarly journals Cell-to-cell movement of mitochondria in plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 3395-3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csanad Gurdon ◽  
Zora Svab ◽  
Yaping Feng ◽  
Dibyendu Kumar ◽  
Pal Maliga
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Dna Transfer ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Mitochondrial Movement ◽  
Homeotic Conversion

We report cell-to-cell movement of mitochondria through a graft junction. Mitochondrial movement was discovered in an experiment designed to select for chloroplast transfer from Nicotiana sylvestris into Nicotiana tabacum cells. The alloplasmic N. tabacum line we used carries Nicotiana undulata cytoplasmic genomes, and its flowers are male sterile due to the foreign mitochondrial genome. Thus, rare mitochondrial DNA transfer from N. sylvestris to N. tabacum could be recognized by restoration of fertile flower anatomy. Analyses of the mitochondrial genomes revealed extensive recombination, tentatively linking male sterility to orf293, a mitochondrial gene causing homeotic conversion of anthers into petals. Demonstrating cell-to-cell movement of mitochondria reconstructs the evolutionary process of horizontal mitochondrial DNA transfer and enables modification of the mitochondrial genome by DNA transmitted from a sexually incompatible species. Conversion of anthers into petals is a visual marker that can be useful for mitochondrial transformation.

scholarly journals Reduced Variation in Drosophila simulans Mitochondrial DNA

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519-1528
Author(s):  
J William O Ballad ◽  
Joy Hatzidakis ◽  
Timothy L Karr ◽  
Martin Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Selective Sweep ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Mutation

We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of infection of a Drosophila simulans population by a maternally inherited insect bacterial parasite, Wolbachia, by analyzing nucleotide variability in three regions of the mitochondrial genome in four infected and 35 uninfected lines. Mitochondrial variability is significantly reduced compared to a noncoding region of a nuclear-encoded gene in both uninfected and pooled samples of flies, indicating a sweep of genetic variation. The selective sweep of mitochondrial DNA may have been generated by the fixation of an advantageous mitochondrial gene mutation in the mitochondrial genome. Alternatively, the dramatic reduction in mitochondrial diversity may be related to Wolbachia.

scholarly journals Organization Features of the Mitochondrial Genome of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with ANN2-Type Male-Sterile Cytoplasm

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim S. Makarenko ◽  
Alexander V. Usatov ◽  
Tatiana V. Tatarinova ◽  
Kirill V. Azarin ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Sunflower Line

This study provides insights into the flexibility of the mitochondrial genome in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as well as into the causes of ANN2-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of male-sterile HA89(ANN2) sunflower line was performed using high-throughput sequencing technologies. Analysis of CMS ANN2 mitochondrial DNA sequence revealed the following reorganization events: twelve rearrangements, seven insertions, and nine deletions. Comparisons of coding sequences from the male-sterile line with the male-fertile line identified a deletion of orf777 and seven new transcriptionally active open reading frames (ORFs): orf324, orf327, orf345, orf558, orf891, orf933, orf1197. Three of these ORFs represent chimeric genes involving atp6 (orf1197), cox2 (orf558), and nad6 (orf891). In addition, orf558, orf891, orf1197, as well as orf933, encode proteins containing membrane domain(s), making them the most likely candidate genes for CMS development in ANN2. Although the investigated CMS phenotype may be caused by simultaneous action of several candidate genes, we assume that orf1197 plays a major role in developing male sterility in ANN2. Comparative analysis of mitogenome organization in sunflower lines representing different CMS sources also allowed identification of reorganization hot spots in the mitochondrial genome of sunflower.

Sequence amplification and gene rearrangement in parasitic nematode mitochondrial DNA.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-712
Author(s):  
B C Hyman ◽  
J L Beck ◽  
K C Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Order

Abstract The nematode Romanomermis culicivorax, an obligate mosquito parasite, possesses a 26 kilobase (kb) mitochondrial genome. The unusually large size is due to transcriptionally active DNA sequences present as 3.0 kb direct tandem repeats and as inverted portions of the repeating unit located elsewhere in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The genome rearrangements involved in establishing this unusual sequence organization may have dramatically altered conventional mitochondrial gene order. Genes for subunits of the cytochrome c oxidase complex (COI and COII) are normally closely linked in animal mtDNAs, but are separated by approximately 8 kb in this mitochondrial genome.

scholarly journals Variation in plastid genomes in the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Krüger ◽  
Oushadee A. J. Abeyawardana ◽  
Miloslav Juříček ◽  
Claudia Krüger ◽  
Helena Štorchová
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Background Gynodioecious species exist in two sexes – male-sterile females and hermaphrodites. Male sterility in higher plants often results from mitonuclear interaction between the CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) gene(s) encoded by mitochondrial genome and by nuclear-encoded restorer genes. Mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded transcriptomes in females and hermaphrodites are intensively studied, but little is known about sex-specific gene expression in plastids. We have compared plastid transcriptomes between females and hermaphrodites in two haplotypes of a gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris with known CMS candidate genes. Results We generated complete plastid genome sequences from five haplotypes S. vulgaris including the haplotypes KRA and KOV, for which complete mitochondrial genome sequences were already published. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on plastid sequences of S. vulgaris. Whereas lowland S. vulgaris haplotypes including KRA and KOV clustered together, the accessions from high European mountains diverged early in the phylogram. S. vulgaris belongs among Silene species with slowly evolving plastid genomes, but we still detected 212 substitutions and 112 indels between two accessions of this species. We estimated elevated Ka/Ks in the ndhF gene, which may reflect the adaptation of S. vulgaris to high altitudes, or relaxed selection. We compared depth of coverage and editing rates between female and hermaphrodite plastid transcriptomes and found no significant differences between the two sexes. We identified 51 unique C to U editing sites in the plastid genomes of S. vulgaris, 38 of them in protein coding regions, 2 in introns, and 11 in intergenic regions. The editing site in the psbZ gene was edited only in one of two plastid genomes under study. Conclusions We revealed no significant differences between the sexes in plastid transcriptomes of two haplotypes of S. vulgaris. It suggests that gene expression of plastid genes is not affected by CMS in flower buds of S. vulgaris, although both sexes may still differ in plastid gene expression in specific tissues. We revealed the difference between the plastid transcriptomes of two S. vulgaris haplotypes in editing rate and in the coverage of several antisense transcripts. Our results document the variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in S. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Krüger ◽  
Oushadee A.J. Abeyawardana ◽  
Miloslav Juricek ◽  
Claudia Krüger ◽  
Helena Storchova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Background Gynodioecious species exist in two genders – male-sterile females and hermaphrodites. Male sterility in higher plants often results from mitonuclear interaction between the CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) gene(s) encoded by mitochondrial genome and by nuclear-encoded restorer genes. Mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded transcriptomes in females and hermaphrodites are intensively studied, but little is known about gender-specific gene expression in plastids. We have compared plastid transcriptomes between females and hermaphrodites in two haplotypes of a gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris with known CMS candidate genes. Results We generated complete plastid genome sequences from five haplotypes S. vulgaris including the haplotypes KRA and KOV, for which complete mitochondrial genome sequences were already published. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on plastid sequences of S. vulgaris. Whereas lowland S. vulgaris haplotypes including KRA and KOV clustered together, the accessions from high European mountains diverged early in the phylogram. S. vulgaris belongs among Silene species with slowly evolving plastid genomes, but we still detected 212 substitutions and 112 indels between two accessions of this species. We estimated elevated Ka/Ks in the ndhF gene, which may reflect the adaptation of S. vulgaris to high altitudes, or relaxed selection. We compared depth of coverage and editing rates between female and hermaphrodite plastid transcriptomes and found no significant differences between the two genders. We identified 51 unique C to U editing sites in the plastid genomes of S. vulgaris, 38 of them in protein coding regions, 2 in introns, and 11 in intergenic regions. The editing site in the psbZ gene was edited only in one of two plastid genomes under study. Conclusions We revealed no significant differences between the genders in plastid transcriptomes of two haplotypes of S. vulgaris. It suggests that gene expression of plastid genes is not affected by CMS in flower buds of S. vulgaris, although both genders may still differ in plastid gene expression in specific tissues. We revealed the difference between the plastid transcriptomes of two S. vulgaris haplotypes in editing rate and in the coverage of several antisense transcripts. Our results document the variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in S. vulgaris.

scholarly journals Variation in plastid genomes in the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Krüger ◽  
Oushadee A.J. Abeyawardana ◽  
Miloslav Juricek ◽  
Claudia Krüger ◽  
Helena Storchova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Background Gynodioecious species exist in two genders – male-sterile females and hermaphrodites. Male sterility in higher plants often results from mitonuclear interaction between the CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) gene(s) encoded by mitochondrial genome and by nuclear-encoded restorer genes. Mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded transcriptomes in females and hermaphrodites are intensively studied, but little is known about gender-specific gene expression in plastids. We have compared plastid transcriptomes between females and hermaphrodites in two haplotypes of a gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris with known CMS candidate genes. Results We generated complete plastid genome sequences from five haplotypes S. vulgaris including the haplotypes KRA and KOV, for which complete mitochondrial genome sequences were already published. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on plastid sequences of S. vulgaris. Whereas lowland S. vulgaris haplotypes including KRA and KOV clustered together, the accessions from high European mountains diverged early in the phylogram. S. vulgaris belongs among Silene species with slowly evolving plastid genomes, but we still detected 212 substitutions and 112 indels between two accessions of this species. We estimated elevated Ka/Ks in the ndhF gene, which may reflect the adaptation of S. vulgaris to high altitudes, or relaxed selection. We compared depth of coverage and editing rates between female and hermaphrodite plastid transcriptomes and found no significant differences between the two genders. We identified 51 unique C to U editing sites in the plastid genomes of S. vulgaris, 38 of them in protein coding regions, 2 in introns, and 11 in intergenic regions. The editing site in the psbZ gene was edited only in one of two plastid genomes under study. Conclusions We revealed no significant differences between the genders in plastid transcriptomes of two haplotypes of S. vulgaris. It suggests that gene expression of plastid genes is not affected by CMS in flower buds of S. vulgaris, although both genders may still differ in plastid gene expression in specific tissues. We revealed the difference between the plastid transcriptomes of two S. vulgaris haplotypes in editing rate and in the coverage of several antisense transcripts. Our results document the variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in S. vulgaris.

A one-megabase physical map provides insights on gene organization in the enormous mitochondrial genome of cucumber

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bartoszewski ◽  
Piotr Gawronski ◽  
Marek Szklarczyk ◽  
Henk Verbakel ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Bac Contig ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Dna Motifs

Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) has one of the largest mitochondrial genomes known among all eukaryotes, due in part to the accumulation of short 20 to 60 bp repetitive DNA motifs. Recombination among these repetitive DNAs produces rearrangements affecting organization and expression of mitochondrial genes. To more efficiently identify rearrangements in the cucumber mitochondrial DNA, we built two nonoverlapping 800 and 220 kb BAC contigs and assigned major mitochondrial genes to these BACs. Polymorphism carried on the largest BAC contig was used to confirm paternal transmission. Mitochondrial genes were distributed across BACs and physically distant, although occasional clustering was observed. Introns in the nad1, nad4, and nad7 genes were larger than those reported in other plants, due in part to accumulation of short repetitive DNAs and indicating that increased intron sizes contributed to mitochondrial genome expansion in cucumber. Mitochondrial genes atp6 and atp9 are physically close to each other and cotranscribed. These physical contigs will be useful for eventual sequencing of the cucumber mitochondrial DNA, which can be exploited to more efficiently screen for unique rearrangements affecting mitochondrial gene expression.

Molecular interactions of Bipolaris maydis T-toxin and maize

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Levings III ◽  
David M. Rhoads ◽  
James N. Siedow
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis ◽  
Maize Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

The toxins (T-toxins) produced by the fungal pathogens Bipolaris maydis race T (BmT) and Phyllosticta maydis (Pm) target the mitochondrial receptor, URF13, in maize (Zea mays L.) plants containing the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T). URF13, a 13-kDa protein, is the product of the maize mitochondrial gene T-urf13, which is found only in the mitochondrial genome of cms-T maize and is thought to be responsible for cytoplasmically inherited male sterility and disease susceptibility. Pm-toxin binds specifically to URF13 in a cooperative manner, and Pm- and BmT-toxins compete for the same, or overlapping, binding sites. The binding of T-toxin to URF13 causes rapid permcabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which results in leakage of NAD+ and other ions from the matrix. A pore consisting of at least six transmembrane α-helices is required for NAD+ leakage. Cross-linking experiments showed that URF13 oligomers are present in the mitochondrial membrane. A model of the secondary structure of URF13 proposes that each monomer contains three transmembrane α-helices. Studies combining site-directed mutagenesis and chemical cross-linking of URF13 expressed by Escherichia coli cells indicate that the oligomers are composed of a central core of helices II that line the center of the URF13 pores. Key words: maize cytoplasmic male sterility, URF13, mitochondrial pores, T-toxin receptor, Bipolaris maydis race T, Phyllosticta maydis, Helminthosporium maydis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document