Presence of triploid cytotypes in the common fig (Ficus carica L.)

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Falistocco
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Common Fig ◽  
5S Rrna Genes ◽  
The Common

Ficus carica (2n = 26) is one of the oldest fruit trees of the Mediterranean basin. Recently there has been increasing interest in this species, in particular for questions related to germplasm such as genetic diversity and cultivar identification. This study was undertaken to gain more knowledge of F. carica cytogenetics and provide data useful for the characterization of its germplasm. Karyomorphological analysis and physical mapping of 18S–25S and 5S rRNA genes by the FISH technique contributed to defining the basic traits of the chromosome complement of F. carica. However, the most interesting result was the discovery of triploid (2n = 39) cytotypes of the cultivated common fig. This result demonstrates the importance of cytogenetic investigations in studies of fig germplasm and emphasizes the role of cross-fertilization as a source of variability not only in wild populations but also in cultivated forms. The results of pollen analysis suggest spontaneous sexual polyploidization as a possible origin of triploid cytotypes. Further studies are necessary to clarify the origin and effective spreading of polyploidy, the presence of other ploidy levels, and their distribution in wild and cultivated forms.

scholarly journals Ribosomal DNA localization on Lathyrus species chromosomes by FISH

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda B. M. Ali ◽  
Samira A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Lathyrus Odoratus ◽  
5S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) played an essential role to locate the ribosomal RNA genes on the chromosomes that offered a new tool to study the chromosome structure and evolution in plant. The 45S and 5S rRNA genes are independent and localized at one or more loci per the chromosome complement, their positions along chromosomes offer useful markers for chromosome discriminations. In the current study FISH has been performed to locate 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the chromosomes of nine Lathyrus species belong to five different sections, all have chromosome number 2n=14, Lathyrus gorgoni Parl, Lathyrus hirsutus L., Lathyrus amphicarpos L., Lathyrus odoratus L., Lathyrus sphaericus Retz, Lathyrus incospicuus L, Lathyrus paranensis Burkart, Lathyrus nissolia L., and Lathyrus articulates L. Results The revealed loci of 45S and 5S rDNA by FISH on metaphase chromosomes of the examined species were as follow: all of the studied species have one 45S rDNA locus and one 5S rDNA locus except L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L. and L. sphaericus Retz L. have two loci of 5S rDNA. Three out of the nine examined species have the loci of 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the opposite arms of the same chromosome (L. nissolia L., L. amphicarpos L., and L. incospicuus L.), while L. hirsutus L. has both loci on the same chromosome arm. The other five species showed the loci of the two types of rDNA on different chromosomes. Conclusion The detected 5S and 45S rDNA loci in Lathyrus could be used as chromosomal markers to discriminate the chromosome pairs of the examined species. FISH could discriminate only one chromosome pair out of the seven pairs in three species, in L. hirsutus L., L. nissolia L. and L. incospicuus L., and two chromosome pairs in five species, in L. paranensis Burkart, L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L., L. gorgoni Parl. and L. articulatus L., while it could discriminate three chromosome pairs in L. sphaericus Retz. these results could contribute into the physical genome mapping of Lathyrus species and the evolution of rDNA patterns by FISH in the coming studies in future.

Characterization of 5S rRNA genes from mouse

Gene ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hallenberg ◽  
Jens <SNM> Nederby Nielsen ◽  
Sune Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
5S Rrna Genes

scholarly journals Common Coherence Witnesses and Common Coherent States

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Bang-Hai Wang ◽  
Zi-Heng Ding ◽  
Zhihao Ma ◽  
Shao-Ming Fei
Keyword(s):  
Coherent State ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
State Problem ◽  
Properties And Characterization ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level

We show the properties and characterization of coherence witnesses. We show methods for constructing coherence witnesses for an arbitrary coherent state. We investigate the problem of finding common coherence witnesses for certain class of states. We show that finitely many different witnesses W1,W2,⋯,Wn can detect some common coherent states if and only if ∑i=1ntiWi is still a witnesses for any nonnegative numbers ti(i=1,2,⋯,n). We show coherent states play the role of high-level witnesses. Thus, the common state problem is changed into the question of when different high-level witnesses (coherent states) can detect the same coherence witnesses. Moreover, we show a coherent state and its robust state have no common coherence witness and give a general way to construct optimal coherence witnesses for any comparable states.

scholarly journals Beyond the Binary: Rethinking Gender Neutrality in Indian Rape Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-397
Author(s):  
Harshad PATHAK
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rape Law ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Gender Neutrality ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Indian Penal Code

AbstractDespite expanding the definition of rape under the Indian Penal Code to include non-penile-vaginal acts of penetration, the said definition continues to conform to a gender-specific notion of rape, based on a predetermined characterization of the victim-perpetrator framework on the basis of their genders. Herein, I will critique this idea of gender specificity in Indian rape law on the grounds that it reinforces a binary notion of gender, and results in gross underinclusion. Instead, it is more appropriate to adopt a human-rights-based approach in defining the offence of rape, and negate the role of gender in identifying the victims and perpetrators of an act of rape. The argument is pillared on a state’s obligation to not discriminate on the basis of sex, the recognition of transgender rights, and an assessment of the common grounds for opposing gender neutrality in Indian rape law.

scholarly journals Characterization of human 5S rRNA genes

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 4147-4151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernill Dissing Sørensen ◽  
Sune Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
5S Rrna Genes

scholarly journals Ficus carica (common fig).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Common Fig ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Common ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract Ficus carica, the common fig, is a rapidly growing tree that can spread by both seeds and cuttings, and if left unattended will form dense thickets that displace native trees and shrubs (Weber, 2003). It is known to be invasive to Australia and the western United States (Weber, 2003) since the introduction of its pollinator wasp to the USA in 1900 (Hanelt et al., 2001); in California's wildland, it is reportedly threatening the state's increasingly rare riparian forests (California Invasive Plant Council, 2014). The species is listed as "casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed" in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012), but is not listed in the Geographical Atlas of World Weeds (Holm, 1979) and is currently considered a low-risk species according to a risk assessment of the species prepared for Hawaii (PIER, 2014). Re-evaluation is recommended in the future.

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