Comparative AFLP reveals paternal sex ratio chromosome specific DNA sequences in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
Joke J.F.A. van Vugt ◽  
Ron G.M. van der Hulst ◽  
Andrea J.P. Pruijssers ◽  
Patrick Verbaarschot ◽  
Richard Stouthamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Repetitive Nature ◽  
Aflp Fragment ◽  
Paternal Sex Ratio

The parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai with a haplo-diploid sex determination has a B chromosome called the paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome that confers paternal genome loss during early embryogenesis, resulting in male offspring. So far, it is not well known whether the PSR chromosome has unique DNA sequence characteristics. By comparative AFLP fingerprinting of genomic DNA from wasps with and without the PSR chromosome, we isolated DNA from PSR-specific bands. Fourteen of such DNA fragments were analysed to confirm their PSR specificity. Seven were sequenced and two (PT-AFLP 1 and PT-AFLP1 3) were identified as parts of retrotransposon genes based on BLAST searches. Internal primers designed from a third AFLP fragment allowed PCR amplification of a PSR chromosome specific marker, which can be used to screen for the PSR trait in male wasps. Southern analysis revealed a dispersed repetitive nature of this third sequence in the T. kaykai genome, suggesting that it is part of a transposon. A fourth AFLP fragment (PT-AFLP 5) appears to be a large repetitive sequence on the PSR chromosome. This sequence is also found in the genome of both T. kaykai and the closely related species Trichogramma deion , but its distribution on the PSR chromosome strongly resembles that of T. deion rather than that of T. kaykai. Our results provide further insight into the repetitive nature of sequences comprising B chromosomes and their similarities with their host and closely related species.

scholarly journals The origin of a selfish B chromosome triggering paternal sex ratio in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1676) ◽  
pp. 4149-4154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke J. F. A. Van Vugt ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Satellite Repeat ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Major Satellite ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Paternal Sex Ratio

This study uses molecular and cytogenetic methods to determine the origin of a B chromosome in some males of the wasp Trichogramma kaykai . This so-called paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome transmits only through sperm and shortly after fertilization triggers degeneration of the paternal genome, while keeping itself intact. The resulting embryos develop into haploid B-chromosome-carrying males. Another PSR chromosome with a very similar mode of action is found in the distantly related wasp Nasonia vitripennis and its origin was traced by transposon similarity to the genus Trichomalopsis , which is closely related to Nasonia . To determine whether both PSR chromosomes have a similar origin we aimed to reveal the origin of the Trichogramma PSR chromosome. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we discovered a major satellite repeat on the PSR chromosome, the 45S ribosomal DNA. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of this repeat showed the presence of multiple ITS2 sequences on the PSR chromosome resembling either the ITS2 of T. oleae or of T. kaykai . We therefore conclude that the Trichogramma PSR chromosome originates from T. oleae or a T. oleae -like species. Our results are consistent with different origins for the PSR chromosomes in Trichogramma and Nasonia .

The paternal sex ratio chromosome in the parasitic wasp Trichogramma kaykai condenses the paternal chromosomes into a dense chromatin mass

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke F.A van Vugt ◽  
Merijn Salverda ◽  
J Hans de Jong ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paternal Chromosome ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Obvious Similarity ◽  
Dense Chromatin ◽  
Paternal Sex Ratio

A recently discovered B chromosome in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai was found to be transmitted through males only. Shortly after fertilization, this chromosome eliminates the paternal chromosome set leaving the maternal chromosomes and itself intact. Consequently, the sex ratio in these wasps is changed in favour of males by modifying fertilized diploid eggs into male haploid offspring. In this study, we show that in fertilized eggs at the first mitosis the paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome condenses the paternal chromosomes into a so-called paternal chromatin mass (PCM). During this process, the PSR chromosome is morphologically unaffected and is incorporated into the nucleus containing the maternal chromosomes. In the first five mitotic divisions, 67% of the PCMs are associated with one of the nuclei in the embryo. Furthermore, in embryos with an unassociated PCM, all nuclei are at the same mitotic stage, whereas 68% of the PCM-associated nuclei are at a different mitotic phase than the other nuclei in the embryo. Our observations reveal an obvious similarity of the mode of action of the PSR chromosome in T. kaykai with that of the PSR-induced paternal genome loss in the unrelated wasp Nasonia vitripennis.Key words: paternal sex ratio, PSR, Trichogramma kaykai, B chromosome, paternal chromatin mass, embryogenesis.

Are polymorphic species of Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) more successful evolutionarily?—A case study of closely related species from the genus Oodinychus Berlese, 1917 based on DNA sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Jerzy Błoszyk ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽  
Anna Maria Bobowicz ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Zbigniew Adamski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wide Range

The study presented in this research paper is the first taxonomic investigation focusing on Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) mites with a brief discussion of the genetic differences of two very closely related species from the genus Oodinychus Berlese, 1917, i.e. O. ovalis (C.L. Koch, 1839) and O. karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903). These two morphologically similar species are quite common and they have a wide range of occurrence in Europe. They also live in almost the same types of habitat. However, O. ovalis usually exhibits higher abundance and frequency of occurrence. The major aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the systematic position, morphological and biological differences, as well as habitat preferences and distribution of O. ovalis and O. karawaiewi. The next aim was to ascertain whether the differences in number and frequency of these species may stem from the genetic differences at the molecular level (16S rDNA and COI). The study shows that O. ovalis, which is a more abundant species than O. karawaiewi, turned out to be genetically more polymorphic.

Typification for reliable application of subspecific names within Peridinium cinctum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 424 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORINNA ROMEIKAT ◽  
ALEJANDRO IZQUIERDO LÓPEZ ◽  
CHRISTINE TIETZE ◽  
JULIANE KRETSCHMANN ◽  
MARC GOTTSCHLING
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Peridinium Cinctum

The application of scientific names is determined by means of nomenclatural types, and every name has to be typified properly. The concept has limitations for unicellular organisms, because original material frequently consists of drawings and/or inadequately preserved physical material. Peridinium cinctum is an abundant freshwater microalga and variable in both morphology and genotype. Morphological variation is mainly expressed in its epithecal conformation: shape deviations of plates, plate rearrangements, plate fusion and plate additions. Different epithecal conformations were traditionally described as either varieties of P. cinctum or were established as closely related species. Despite this, relations between varieties, ribotypes and geographic locations were oversighted, and the full spectrum of plate variation in P. cinctum is still not well represented. For this reason, we sampled localities in Germany and Poland, from which varieties of P. cinctum were described a century ago. We cultivated monoclonal strains, exhibiting two distinct ITS ribotypes, and assessed their epithecal variation of morphology. Based on ca 2,500 observations of individual cells we report a plethora of both plate and suture deviations from the archetypical epithecal conformation of P. cinctum. Morphologies corresponding to previously described varieties were rare, even at their type localities. Nevertheless, we found morphologies consistent with protologues in four cases and use this material for epitypification. These varieties are now linked to specific DNA sequences, allowing reliable application of scientific names for future studies.

scholarly journals Comparing Medicinal Uses of Cochlospermaceae throughout Its Geographic Range with Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah Johnson-Fulton ◽  
Linda Watson
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Geographic Regions

Species of the Cochlospermaceae, a small mostly pantropical plant family, were evaluated at a continental scale for medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This ethnobotanical information was placed in a phylogenetic framework to make informed predictions in the search for new medicines and bioactive compounds. Medicinal plant-use data were mapped onto a molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers. Associations of medicinal uses among closely related species occurring in different geographic regions and among diverse cultures were evaluated. The most common medicinal uses for these species are those used to treat skin ailments, gastro-intestinal problems, malaria, and liver issues. The plant species with the most numerous uses is Cochlospermum tinctorium, which occurs primarily in West Africa. Closely related species being used by cultural groups in different geographic regions to treat the same illnesses suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential biomedical value, since they may represent independent discoveries of similar medicinally-active compounds. This leads to the speculation that those closely related species not currently being used to treat these ailments may also contain identical or similar medicinally-active compounds and are worthy of laboratory investigations.

The Breeding Evidence Indicating Two Genetic Types of Females of Ips tridens Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Gallery System ◽  
Entrance Hole

Members of the genus Ips are polygamous. The male excavates the entrance hole and a small nuptial chamber between the inner bark and sapwood. The females then enter and each excavates an egg gallery starting from the nuptial chamber. The number of females per gallery system ranges from 1 to 5 but the most common number is 3. This sex ratio of approximately 3 ♀ ♀: 1 ♂ has been attributed to some mortality factor more lethal to the males in some stage of development. Breeding of isolated pairs under laboratory conditions was carried out primarily to determine the variability between individuals from the same brood and between individuals from different broods. The objective was to resolve the complex of closely related species in the Ips tridens–I. engelmanni group. An unexpected result was a clarification of the sex ratio problem.

NOR activity and repeat sequences of the paternal sex ratio chromosome of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai

Chromosoma ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke J. F. A. van Vugt ◽  
Silvester de Nooijer ◽  
Richard Stouthamer ◽  
Hans de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Paternal Sex Ratio

Additions to Taiwan fungal flora 2: Ophiosphaerella taiwanica sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 413 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽  
E. B. GARETH JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Natural Classification

The genus Ophiosphaerella contains 14 formerly illustrated species and is characterized by papillated ascomata bearing fissitunicate cylindrical asci frequently narrower near the base, with a short furcate pedicel and filamentous, pale brown, multi-septate ascospores without swollen cells or separating into part spores. We describe an Ophiosphaerella taxon that is new to science isolated from Yushania niitakayamensis in Cilai Mountain, Taiwan. We conducted polyphasic methods using single and multi-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α) phylogenetic reconstruction united with morphology to evaluate the natural classification of the novel taxon. The results show that our Ophiosphaerella isolates are different from closely related species O. aquaticus and O. agrostidis based on distinct size differences of the ascomata, asci, ascospores, host and DNA sequences data, thus should be recognised here as a new taxon Ophiosphaerella taiwanica sp. nov.

scholarly journals Revisiting suppression of interspecies hybrid male lethality in Caenorhabditis nematodes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Ryan ◽  
Eric S. Haag
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Interspecies Hybrid

AbstractWithin the nematode genus Caenorhabditis, C. briggsae and C. nigoni are among the most closely related species known. They differ in sexual mode, with C. nigoni retaining the ancestral XO male-XX female outcrossing system, while C. briggsae females recently evolved self-fertility and an XX-biased sex ratio. Wild-type C. briggsae and C. nigoni can produce fertile hybrid XX female progeny, but XO progeny are either 100% inviable (when C. briggsae is the mother) or viable but sterile (when C. nigoni is the mother). A recent study provided evidence suggesting that loss of the Cbr-him-8 meiotic regulator in C. briggsae hermaphrodites allowed them to produce viable and fertile hybrid XO male progeny when mated to C. nigoni. Because such males would be useful for a variety of genetic experiments, we sought to verify this result. Preliminary crosses with wild-type C. briggsae hermaphrodites occasionally produced fertile males, but they could not be confirmed to be interspecies hybrids. Using an RNA interference protocol that eliminates any possibility of self-progeny in Cbr-him-8 hermaphrodites, we find sterile males bearing the C. nigoni X chromosome, but no fertile males bearing the C. briggsae X, as in wild-type crosses. Our results suggest that the apparent rescue of XO hybrid viability and fertility is due to incomplete purging of self-sperm prior to mating.

Molecular phylogenetics of species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Malaxidae) based on nrITS and plastid rbcL and matK

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Passorn Wonnapinij ◽  
Ajaraporn Sriboonlert
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Nuclear Region ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias and related taxa in Bulbophyllum has not been previously studied due to scarcity of appropriate samples. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of these taxa and investigate interspecific relationships of these orchids using DNA sequences from two plastid genes, rbcL and matK, and one nuclear region, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, nrITS. Our results showed that all Bulbophyllum sect. Trias species were embedded among other groups of Bulbophyllum, supporting the already published transfer of Trias to synonymy of Bulbophyllum. All trees revealed that the Indochinese sect. Trias form a monophyletic group that could be divided into three groups coincident with their vegetative characters. This study further shows that nrITS sequences can be sufficient for inferring phylogenetic relationship among Trias species, although this marker and the combination of this plus the plastid genes are not able to distinguish the differences between some closely related species.

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