Development of Triticum turgidum subsp. durum – Aegilops longissima amphiploids with high iron and zinc content through unreduced gamete formation in F1 hybrids

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Tiwari ◽  
Nidhi Rawat ◽  
Kumari Neelam ◽  
Gursharn S. Randhawa ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Four different interspecific hybrids involving three different accessions of Aegilops longissima Schweinf. & Muschl. with high grain iron and zinc content and three Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. cultivars with low micronutrient content were made for durum wheat biofortification and investigated for chromosome pairing, fertility, putative amphiploidy, and micronutrient content. The chromosome pairing in the 21-chromosome F1 hybrids (ABSl) consisted of 0–6 rod bivalents and occasionally 1 trivalent. All the F1 hybrids, however, unexpectedly showed partial but variable fertility. The detailed meiotic investigation indicated the simultaneous occurrence of two types of aberrant meiotic divisions, namely first-division restitution and single-division meiosis, leading to regular dyads and unreduced gamete formation and fertility. The F2 seeds, being putative amphiploids (AABBSlSl), had nearly double the chromosome number (40–42) and regular meiosis and fertility. The F1 hybrids were intermediate between the two parents for different morphological traits. The putative amphiploids with bold seed size had higher grain ash content and ash iron and zinc content than durum wheat cultivars, suggesting that Ae. longissima possesses a better genetic system(s) for uptake and seed sequestration of iron and zinc, which could be transferred to elite durum and bread wheat cultivars and exploited.

scholarly journals Transient Waterlogging Events Impair Shoot and Root Physiology and Reduce Grain Yield of Durum Wheat Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cotrozzi ◽  
Giacomo Lorenzini ◽  
Cristina Nali ◽  
Claudia Pisuttu ◽  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Staple Crop

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn) is a staple crop of the Mediterranean countries, where more frequent waterlogging events are predicted due to climate change. However, few investigations have been conducted on the physiological and agronomic responses of this crop to waterlogging. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of two waterlogging durations (i.e., 14 and 35 days) on two durum wheat cultivars (i.e., Svevo and Emilio Lepido). An integrated analysis of an array of physiological, biochemical, biometric, and yield parameters was performed at the end of the waterlogging events, during recovery, and at physiological maturity. Results established that effects on durum wheat varied depending on waterlogging duration. This stress imposed at tillering impaired photosynthetic activity of leaves and determined oxidative injury of the roots. The physiological damages could not be fully recovered, subsequently slowing down tiller formation and crop growth, and depressing the final grain yield. Furthermore, differences in waterlogging tolerance between cultivars were discovered. Our results demonstrate that in durum wheat, the energy maintenance, the cytosolic ion homeostasis, and the ROS control and detoxification can be useful physiological and biochemical parameters to consider for the waterlogging tolerance of genotypes, with regard to sustaining biomass production and grain yield.

Estimating genetic diversity in Greek durum wheat landraces with RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mantzavinou ◽  
Penelope J. Bebeli ◽  
Pantouses J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

Using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, the genetic diversity of 19 Greek landraces and 9 cultivars of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.)] was studied. Two commercial bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and one genotype of Triticum monococcum L. were also included in the study. Eighty-seven arbitrary primers (10-mer) were evaluated in a preliminary experiment and 15 of them were selected for the main experiments based on the quality and reliability of their amplification and the polymorphism they revealed. A total of 150 DNA bands were obtained, 125 (83.3%) of which were polymorphic. On average, 10 DNA bands were amplified per primer, 8.3 of which were polymorphic. The genetic similarity between all pairs of genotypes was evaluated using the Jaccard’s or Nei and Li’s coefficients; the values of the former ranged from 0.153 to 0.973 while those of the latter were slightly higher (0.265–0.986). Cluster analysis was conducted by the UPGMA and the Njoin methods. Both methods broadly placed 26 durum genotypes into 1 branch while the other branch consisted of 2 subgroups: 1 included the 2 bread wheat cultivars; the other 1 consisted of 2 durum landraces, ‘Kontopouli’ and ‘Mavrotheri-Chios’, which showed an intruiging behaviour sharing bands with the bread wheat cultivars. The T. monococcum cultivar stood apart from all other genotypes.

The genetic control of flag leaf length in normal and late sown durum wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. SHARMA ◽  
R. S. SAIN ◽  
R. K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Generation Means ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Parental, F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC11, BC12, BC21, BC22, BC1 self-pollinated and BC2 self-pollinated generations of three crosses involving six cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) were studied for flag leaf length under normal and late sown environments to analyse the nature of gene effects. For most crosses the 10-parameter model was the best descriptor of the data to account for the variability in generation means of this trait but in cross HI 8062×JNK-4W-128 the 6-parameter model was the best (normal sown) while in cross Raj 911×DWL 5002 the 3-parameter model was the best (late sown). Of the epistatic interactions, dominance×dominance (l) and dominance×dominance×dominance (z) played significantly greater roles in controlling the inheritance of this trait. Absolute totals of non-fixable gene effects were much higher than the fixable gene effects in all the crosses in both the environments, indicating the greater roles of non-additive effects in controlling the inheritance of flag leaf length in durum wheat cultivars. Significant partial dominance was observed frequently in most of the crosses. Significant heterosis was attributed to combined effects of dominance×dominance (l), additive×additive×dominance (x) and dominance×dominance×dominance (z) epistatic interactions in the cross Cocorit 71×A-9-30-1 under late sown environment. Biparental mating and/or diallel selective mating, which exploit both fixable and non-fixable components, have been suggested for the improvement of this trait in durum wheat cultivars.

Alien chromosome addition in durum wheat. II. Advanced progeny

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schulz-Schaeffer ◽  
S. E. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Alien Chromosome Addition ◽  
Wheat Parent ◽  
Intermedium Chromosome

Alien chromosome addition in durum wheat was accomplished by backcrossing and selling an amphiploid derivative F10 strain of Triticum turgidum L. var. durum × Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. The number of chromosome pairs increased from an average of 10.4 bivalents in the B1F1 to 18.5 bivalents in the B1F7 generation. Stabilization of chromosome pairing was improved as expressed in the range of bivalents (0–21 in the B1F1 and 16–21 in the B1F7 generation). Backcrossing to the durum wheat parent resulted in the elimination of some Agropyron chromosomes and in others becoming pairs. A hexaploid Agrotriticum with the constitution AABBII resulted. The I genome consists of a group of seven chromosome pairs from A. intermedium.Key words: Agrotriticum, Agropyron intermedium, chromosome pairing.

scholarly journals Black Point Reaction of Durum and Common Wheat Cultivars Grown Under Irrigation in Southern Saskatchewan

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
R. E. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat

Six durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and six common (T. aestivum L.) wheat cultivars were compared for reaction to black point under irrigation at two locations in southern Saskatchewan in 1990 to 1992 and 1994. There were individual varietal differences in black point levels within each of the species. The Canada Western Soft White Spring wheat Fielder was the most susceptible and the Canada Western Red Spring wheat Katepwa was the most resistant to black point. The location-cultivar-year interaction was a significant source of variation and a crossover cultivar-environment interaction was significant, suggesting that rank order of cultivars differed with environment. The durum wheat had significantly higher black point levels than the common wheat cultivars in three of the seven environments conducive to black point, two of which were in 1992, and had high overall black point levels. This greater black point severity on the durum wheat cultivars might have been due to cool, wet weather conditions and frosts during seed development that delayed ripening.

The C-band pattern of a Ph− mutant of durum wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
Kuey-Chu Chen ◽  
B. Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Approximate Location ◽  
Parental Cultivar ◽  
Interband Region

A mutation of the Ph gene which normally suppresses heterogenetic chromosome pairing was obtained in cultivar 'Cappelli' of Triticum turgidum L. em Morris et Sears var. durum. The chromosomes of 'Cappelli,' the Ph− mutant, and another 'Cappelli' line suspected to have a duplication of part of arm 5Bq (5BL) were C-banded. Compared with arm 5Bq of the parental cultivar, the 5Bq arm of the Ph− mutant was shorter owing to a deletion of one of two interband regions in the middle of the arm. In the line suspected to have a duplication, the 5Bq arm was longer than in 'Cappelli' and the interband region that was absent in Ph− was twice as long. An interchange between sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes is suggested to be responsible for the deletion and tandem duplication of the chromosome region. The C-band patterns are used to infer the approximate location of the Ph gene in the 5Bq arm.Key words: wheat, C-band, deletion, duplication, Triticum, 5B chromosome.

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