The Y chromosome-specific STS marker MS2 and its peripheral regions on the Y chromosome of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Ishii ◽  
Ryuji Sugiyama ◽  
Megumi Onuki ◽  
Yusuke Kazama ◽  
Sachihiro Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Average Insert Size ◽  
Sts Marker ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Peripheral Regions

Sex determination in Silene latifolia uses the XX/XY system. The recent evolution of dioecy in S. latifolia provides a unique opportunity to study the early stages of Y chromosome evolution. However, the current Y chromosome map still contains many large gaps with no available markers. In this study, a sequence tagged site (STS) marker, MS2, was isolated and mapped to the same locus as L8 on the Y chromosome. To investigate the peripheral regions of MS2, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from a male plant, and the BAC clone containing MS2 (MS2-9d12F) was isolated from 32 640 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb. A 109-kb insert of the BAC clone was analyzed. BLASTX analysis showed 11 sequences similar to some known proteins, most of which are retrotransposon-like elements. The ORF Finder predicted 9 ORFs within MS2-9d12F. RT-PCR analyses revealed that only 4 of the 9 predicted ORFs are expressed in both male and female plants. These 4 ORFs are candidates for genes having counterparts on both the X and Y chromosomes. Dot-matrix plot analysis and a BLASTN search revealed LTR-like sequences close to the retrotransposon-like elements and high similarity to 3 known genomic sequences of S. latifolia. These results suggest an accumulation of retrotransposons and segmental duplications in peripheral regions of MS2 during the early stage of sex chromosome evolution.

An accumulation of tandem DNA repeats on the Y chromosome in Silene latifolia during early stages of sex chromosome evolution

Chromosoma ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Hobza ◽  
Martina Lengerova ◽  
Julia Svoboda ◽  
Hana Kubekova ◽  
Eduard Kejnovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Early Stages

scholarly journals Genetic and Functional Analysis of DD44, a Sex-Linked Gene From the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia, Provides Clues to Early Events in Sex Chromosome Evolution

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C Moore ◽  
Olga Kozyreva ◽  
Sabine Lebel-Hardenack ◽  
Jiri Siroky ◽  
Roman Hobza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Recent Emergence

Abstract Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of S. latifolia provide an opportunity to study the early events in sex chromosome evolution because of their relatively recent emergence. In this article, we present the genetic and physical mapping, expression analysis, and molecular evolutionary analysis of a sex-linked gene from S. latifolia, DD44 (Differential Display 44). DD44 is homologous to the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein, an essential component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, and is ubiquitously expressed in both sexes. We have been able to genetically map DD44 to a region of the Y chromosome that is genetically linked to the carpel-suppressing locus. Although we have physically mapped DD44 to the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DD44 maps to the opposite arm of the Y chromosome as determined by our genetic map. These data suggest that chromosomal rearrangements have occurred on the Y chromosome, which may have contributed to the genetic isolation of the Y chromosome. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the structural and functional evolution of the S. latifolia Y chromosome.

scholarly journals Assembly of the threespine stickleback Y chromosome reveals convergent signatures of sex chromosome evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Peichel ◽  
Shaugnessy R. McCann ◽  
Joseph A. Ross ◽  
Alice F. S. Naftaly ◽  
James R. Urton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution

scholarly journals Gene-level, but not chromosome-wide, divergence between a very young house fly proto-Y chromosome and its homologous proto-X chromosome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hak Son ◽  
Richard P. Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Xx Males ◽  
Y Chromosome Evolution

AbstractX and Y chromosomes are usually derived from a pair of homologous autosomes, which then diverge from each other over time. Although Y-specific features have been characterized in sex chromosomes of various ages, the earliest stages of Y chromosome evolution remain elusive. In particular, we do not know whether early stages of Y chromosome evolution consist of changes to individual genes or happen via chromosome-scale divergence from the X. To address this question, we quantified divergence between young proto-X and proto-Y chromosomes in the house fly, Musca domestica. We compared proto-sex chromosome sequence and gene expression between genotypic (XY) and sex-reversed (XX) males. We find evidence for sequence divergence between genes on the proto-X and proto-Y, including five genes with mitochondrial functions. There is also an excess of genes with divergent expression between the proto-X and proto-Y, but the number of genes is small. This suggests that individual proto-Y genes, but not the entire proto-Y chromosome, have diverged from the proto-X. We identified one gene, encoding an axonemal dynein assembly factor (which functions in sperm motility), that has higher expression in XY males than XX males because of a disproportionate contribution of the proto-Y allele to gene expression. The up-regulation of the proto-Y allele may be favored in males because of this gene’s function in spermatogenesis. The evolutionary divergence between proto-X and proto-Y copies of this gene, as well as the mitochondrial genes, is consistent with selection in males affecting the evolution of individual genes during early Y chromosome evolution.

scholarly journals DNA methylation is involved in sexual differentiation and sex chromosome evolution in the dioecious plant garden asparagus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Fen Li ◽  
Can-Can Lv ◽  
Li-Na Lan ◽  
Kai-Lu Jiang ◽  
Yu-Lan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Garden Asparagus ◽  
Female Flowers

AbstractDNA methylation is a crucial regulatory mechanism in many biological processes. However, limited studies have dissected the contribution of DNA methylation to sexual differentiation in dioecious plants. In this study, we investigated the variances in methylation and transcriptional patterns of male and female flowers of garden asparagus. Compared with male flowers, female flowers at the same stages showed higher levels of DNA methylation. Both male and female flowers gained DNA methylation globally from the premeiotic to meiotic stages. Detailed analysis revealed that the increased DNA methylation was largely due to increased CHH methylation. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated regions suggested that DNA methylation might not have contributed to the expression variation of the sex-determining genes SOFF and TDF1 but probably played important roles in sexual differentiation and flower development of garden asparagus. The upregulated genes AoMS1, AoLAP3, AoAMS, and AoLAP5 with varied methylated CHH regions might have been involved in sexual differentiation and flower development of garden asparagus. Plant hormone signaling genes and transcription factor genes also participated in sexual differentiation and flower development with potential epigenetic regulation. In addition, the CG and CHG methylation levels in the Y chromosome were notably higher than those in the X chromosome, implying that DNA methylation might have been involved in Y chromosome evolution. These data provide insights into the epigenetic modification of sexual differentiation and flower development and improve our understanding of sex chromosome evolution in garden asparagus.

Sex chromosome evolution in fish: the formation of the neo-Y chromosome in Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes)

Chromosoma ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Almeida-Toledo ◽  
F. Foresti ◽  
M.F.Z. Daniel ◽  
S.A. Toledo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution

scholarly journals Sex Chromosome Evolution Revealed by Physical Mapping of SlAP3X/Y in the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Nishiyama ◽  
Kotaro Ishii ◽  
Etsuko Kifune ◽  
Yusuke Kazama ◽  
Kiyoshi Nishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Dioecious Plant

A primitive Y chromosome in papaya marks incipient sex chromosome evolution

Nature ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 427 (6972) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Paul H. Moore ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Christine M. Ackerman ◽  
Makandar Ragiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution
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