SSR marker diversity of soybean aphid resistance sources in North America

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Y. Chen ◽  
Cuihua Gu ◽  
Clarice Mensah ◽  
Randall L. Nelson ◽  
Dechun Wang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

The soybean aphid ( Aphis glycines Matsumura) has become a major pest of soybean in North America since 2000. Seven aphid resistance sources, PI 71506, Dowling, Jackson, PI 567541B, PI 567598B, PI 567543C, and PI 567597C, have been identified. Knowledge of genetic relationships among these sources and their ancestral parents will help breeders develop new cultivars with different resistance genes. The objective of this research was to examine the genetic relationships among these resistance sources. Sixty-one lines were tested with 86 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from 20 linkage groups. Non-hierarchical (VARCLUS) and hierarchical (Ward’s) clustering and multidimensional scaling (MDS) were used to determine relationships among the 61 lines. Two hundred and sixty-two alleles of the 86 SSR loci were detected with a mean polymorphism information content of 0.36. The 61 lines were grouped into 4 clusters by both clustering methods and the MDS results consistently corresponded to the assigned clusters. The 7 resistance sources were clustered into 3 different groups corresponding to their geographical origins and known pedigree information, indicating genetic differences among these sources. The largest variation was found among individuals within different clusters by analysis of molecular variance.

Variation in Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes Within Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Bhusal ◽  
R L Koch ◽  
A J Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes

Abstract Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) has been a major pest of soybean in North America since its detection in this continent in 2000 and subsequent spread. Although several aphid resistance genes have been identified, at least four soybean aphid biotypes have been discovered, with three of them being virulent on soybean cultivars with certain soybean aphid resistance genes. These biotypes are known to vary across years and locations, but information on their variation within single fields is limited. An investigation was conducted to study the variation of soybean aphid biotypes within single townships and fields in Minnesota. Screening of 28 soybean aphid isolates collected from seven soybean fields (six soybean fields in Cairo and Wellington Townships of Renville County, MN and one field in Wilmar Township of Kandiyohi County, MN) revealed the existence of multiple known biotypes of soybean aphid within single fields of soybean. We found up to three biotypes of soybean aphid in a single field. Two biotypes were found in five fields while only one field had only a single biotype. Three isolates presented reactions on a panel of resistant and susceptible indicator lines that were different from known biotypes. These results highlight the importance of characterizing soybean aphid biotypes in small geographical areas and utilizing generated knowledge to develop soybean cultivars pyramided with multiple resistance genes. The outcome will be decreased use of insecticides, thereby improving economic and environmental sustainability of soybean production.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Markers Developed from `Bluecrop' Reveal Polymorphisms in the Genus Vaccinium and Are Suitable for Cultivar Fingerprinting

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122B-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Boches ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland ◽  
Kim Hummer ◽  
Nahla V. Bassil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Ssr Loci

Microsatellite markers for blueberry (Vaccinium L.) were created from a preexisting blueberry expressed sequence tag (EST) library of 1305 sequences and a microsatellite-enriched genomic library of 136 clones. Microsatellite primers for 65 EST-containing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 29 genomic SSR were initially tested for amplification and polymorphism on agarose gels. Potential usefulness of these SSRs for estimating species relationships in the genus was assessed through cross-species transference of 45 SSR loci and cluster analysis using genetic distance values from five highly polymorphic EST-SSR loci. Cross-species amplification for 45 SSR loci ranged from 17% to 100%, and was 83% on average in nine sections. Cluster analysis of 59 Vaccinium species based on genetic distance measures obtained from 5 EST-SSR loci supported the concept of V. elliotii Chapm. as a genetically distinct diploid highbush species and indicated that V. ashei Reade is of hybrid origin. Twenty EST-SSR and 10 genomic microsatellite loci were used to determine genetic diversity in 72 tetraploid V. corymbosum L. accessions consisting mostly of common cultivars. Unique fingerprints were obtained for all accessions analyzed. Genetic relationships, based on microsatellites, corresponded well with known pedigree information. Most modern cultivars clustered closely together, but southern highbush and northern highbush cultivars were sufficiently differentiated to form distinct clusters. Future use of microsatellites in Vaccinium will help resolve species relationships in the genus, estimate genetic diversity in the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) collection, and confirm the identity of clonal germplasm accessions.

Detached Leaf and Whole Plant Assays for Soybean Aphid Resistance: Differential Responses Among Resistance Sources and Biotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Michel ◽  
M. A. Rouf Mian ◽  
Nelson Horacio Davila-Olivas ◽  
Luis A. Cañas
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Plant Assays

scholarly journals Characterizing Resistance to Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Antibiosis and Antixenosis Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Bansal ◽  
M A Rouf Mian ◽  
Andy Michel
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

Abstract Host-plant resistance (HPR) remains a vital tool to manage soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), a major pest of soybean in Midwestern United States and southern Canada. HPR can be overcome by virulent biotypes of A. glycines; thus, in order to increase the durability of resistant cultivars, HPR needs to be deployed strategically. To improve the strategic deployment, a complete understanding of HPR in existing resistant germplasm will help ensure HPR success. In this study, we characterized HPR soybean to determine antibiosis and antixenosis categories of resistance to different biotypes of A. glycines. No-choice and free-choice tests were performed on 11 previously reported plant introductions (PIs) possessing resistance to at least one A. glycines biotype (1, 2, and 3). Overall, we found that the PIs manifested differences of a particular resistance category in response to infestation by different biotypes. Our data from no-choice tests indicate that all tested PIs possess antibiosis-based resistance to three biotypes. However, the strength of antibiosis was variable as some PIs showed stronger antibiosis toward a given biotype than others. All tested PIs manifested antixenosis, in addition to antibiosis. Furthermore, detached leaf assays revealed that resistance to A. glycines was not retained in excised soybean leaves. Characterization of resistance in this study can contribute to develop strategies for future deployment of resistant cultivars developed from these PIs.

scholarly journals Abscisic and Jasmonic Acids Contribute to Soybean Tolerance to the Soybean Aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin M. Chapman ◽  
Lia Marchi-Werle ◽  
Thomas E. Hunt ◽  
Tiffany M. Heng-Moss ◽  
Joe Louis
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

scholarly journals Analysis of genetic relationships of genotypes of the genus Rosa L. from the collection of Nikita Botanical Gardens using ISSR and IRAP DNA markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-480
Author(s):  
I. I. Suprun ◽  
S. A. Plugatar ◽  
I. V. Stepanov ◽  
T. S. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Botanical Gardens

In connection with the development of breeding and the creation of new plant varieties, the problem of their genotyping and identification is becoming increasingly important, therefore the use of molecular methods to identify genetic originality and assess plant genetic diversity appears to be relevant. As part of the work performed, informative ISSR and IRAP DNA markers promising for the study of genetic diversity of the Rosa L. genus were sought and applied to analysis of genetic relationships among 26 accessions of the genus Rosa L. from the gene pool collection of Nikita Botanical Gardens. They included 18 cultivated varieties and 8 accessions of wild species. The species sample included representatives of two subgenera, Rosa and Platyrhodon. The subgenus Platyrhodon was represented by one accession of the species R. roxburghii Tratt. Cultivated roses were represented by varieties of garden groups hybrid tea, floribunda, and grandiflora. The tested markers included 32 ISSRs and 13 IRAPs. Five ISSR markers (UBC 824, ASSR29, 3A21, UBC 864, and UBC 843) and three IRAPs (TDK 2R, Сass1, and Сass2) were chosen as the most promising. They were used for genotyping the studied sample of genotypes. In general, they appeared to be suitable for further use in studying the genetic diversity of the genus Rosa L. The numbers of polymorphic fragments ranged from 12 to 31, averaging 19.25 fragments per marker. For markers UBC 864 and UBC 843, unique fingerprints were identified in each accession studied. The genetic relationships of the studied species and varieties of roses analyzed by the UPGMA, PCoA, and Bayesian methods performed on the basis of IRAP and ISSR genotyping are consistent with their taxonomic positions. The genotype of the species R. roxburghii of the subgenus Platyrhodon was determined genetically as the most distant. According to clustering methods, the representative of the species R. bengalensis did not stand out from the group of cultivated varieties. When assessing the level of genetic similarity among the cultivated varieties of garden roses, the most genetically isolated varieties were ‘Flamingo’, ‘Queen Elizabeth’, and ‘Kordes Sondermeldung’; for most of the other varieties, groups of the greatest genetic similarity were identified. This assessment reflects general trends in phylogenetic relationships, both among the studied species of the genus and among cultivated varieties.

Soybean Aphid Resistance in Soybean Jackson Is Controlled by a Single Dominant Gene

Crop Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
Curtis B. Hill ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Glen L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Single Dominant Gene

Evaluating Soybean Aphid-Resistant Varieties in Different Environments to Estimate Financial Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 940-948
Author(s):  
Ashley N Dean ◽  
Shelby Pritchard ◽  
John C Tyndall ◽  
Erin W Hodgson ◽  
Matthew E O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

Abstract Farmers face many choices when selecting seed for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production, including highly desired herbicide tolerance traits. Despite the convenience of herbicide tolerance, resistant weeds and technology fees may reduce utility and profitability of these varieties, especially when commodity prices are low. Sporadic outbreaks of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura, Hemiptera: Aphididae) that require insecticide use for optimal yield can be a further complication for farmers in Iowa. Soybean aphid-resistant varieties are commercially available, but in limited genetic backgrounds without herbicide tolerance. We hypothesized yield and value of resistance traits will vary based on the environment. We established plots at two locations with different risks of soybean aphid outbreaks and used two planting dates at each location to mimic different yield environments. In 2016 and 2017, we planted four varieties that varied in their susceptibility to soybean aphids and glyphosate, and applied insecticides if aphid populations reached an economic threshold. Regardless of genetic background, aphid-resistant varieties prevented populations from reaching the economic threshold at all environments. We observed no significant difference in yield between resistant and susceptible varieties, revealing this trait is as effective at protecting yield as an insecticide application on susceptible varieties at the high-risk location. We also explored the value of each variety in different environments. Resistant varieties produced greater potential net revenue than susceptible varieties at the high-risk location, while the opposite occurred at the low-risk location. Resistant varieties with herbicide tolerance, if made available, would be the most valuable across all environments.

scholarly journals Applying the Metafounders Approach for Genomic Evaluation in a Multibreed Beef Cattle Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Silva Junqueira ◽  
Paulo Sávio Lopes ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva ◽  
Fernando Flores Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The Impact

Pedigree information is incomplete by nature and commonly not well-established because many of the genetic ties are not known a priori or can be wrong. The genomic era brought new opportunities to assess relationships between individuals. However, when pedigree and genomic information are used simultaneously, which is the case of single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP), defining the genetic base is still a challenge. One alternative to overcome this challenge is to use metafounders, which are pseudo-individuals that describe the genetic relationship between the base population individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of metafounders on the estimation of breeding values for tick resistance under ssGBLUP for a multibreed population composed by Hereford, Braford, and Zebu animals. Three different scenarios were studied: pedigree-based model (BLUP), ssGBLUP, and ssGBLUP with metafounders (ssGBLUPm). In ssGBLUPm, a total of four different metafounders based on breed of origin (i.e., Hereford, Braford, Zebu, and unknown) were included for the animals with missing parents. The relationship coefficient between metafounders was in average 0.54 (ranging from 0.34 to 0.96) suggesting an overlap between ancestor populations. The estimates of metafounder relationships indicate that Hereford and Zebu breeds have a possible common ancestral relationship. Inbreeding coefficients calculated following the metafounder approach had less negative values, suggesting that ancestral populations were large enough and that gametes inherited from the historical population were not identical. Variance components were estimated based on ssGBLUPm, ssGBLUP, and BLUP, but the values from ssGBLUPm were scaled to provide a fair comparison with estimates from the other two models. In general, additive, residual, and phenotypic variance components in the Hereford population were smaller than in Braford across different models. The addition of genomic information increased heritability for Hereford, possibly because of improved genetic relationships. As expected, genomic models had greater predictive ability, with an additional gain for ssGBLUPm over ssGBLUP. The increase in predictive ability was greater for Herefords. Our results show the potential of using metafounders to increase accuracy of GEBV, and therefore, the rate of genetic gain in beef cattle populations with partial levels of missing pedigree information.

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