Genetic maps of the proximal half of chromosome arm 2L of Drosophila melanogaster

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Glen Levine ◽  
Suchot Sunday ◽  
Ruth E. Dörig ◽  
Beat Suter ◽  
Paul Lasko
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Complementation Groups

Drosophila mutants have played an important role in elucidating the physiologic function of genes. Large-scale projects have succeeded in producing mutations in a large proportion of Drosophila genes. Many mutant fly lines have also been produced through the efforts of individual laboratories over the past century. In an effort to make some of these mutants more useful to the research community, we systematically mapped a large number of mutations affecting genes in the proximal half of chromosome arm 2L to more precisely defined regions, defined by deficiency intervals, and, when possible, by individual complementation groups. To further analyze regions 36 and 39–40, we produced 11 new deficiencies with gamma irradiation, and we constructed 6 new deficiencies in region 30–33, using the DrosDel system. trans-heterozygous combinations of deficiencies revealed 5 additional functions, essential for viability or fertility.

Evaluating Qualitative Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeasik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grant Proposals

This book provides the qualitative research community with some insight on how to evaluate the quality of qualitative research. This topic has gained little attention during the past few decades. We, qualitative researchers, read journal articles, serve on masters’ and doctoral committees, and also make decisions on whether conference proposals, manuscripts, or large-scale grant proposals should be accepted or rejected. It is assumed that various perspectives or criteria, depending on various paradigms, theories, or fields of discipline, have been used in assessing the quality of qualitative research. Nonetheless, until now, no textbook has been specifically devoted to exploring theories, practices, and reflections associated with the evaluation of qualitative research. This book constructs a typology of evaluating qualitative research, examines actual information from websites and qualitative journal editors, and reflects on some challenges that are currently encountered by the qualitative research community. Many different kinds of journals’ review guidelines and available assessment tools are collected and analyzed. Consequently, core criteria that stand out among these evaluation tools are presented. Readers are invited to join the author to confidently proclaim: “Fortunately, there are commonly agreed, bold standards for evaluating the goodness of qualitative research in the academic research community. These standards are a part of what is generally called ‘scientific research.’ ”

scholarly journals Tirant stealthily invaded natural Drosophila melanogaster populations during the last century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schwarz ◽  
Filip Wierzbicki ◽  
Kirsten-André Senti ◽  
Robert Kofler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
P Element ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Past ◽  
Living Fossils ◽  
Late Discovery ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractIt was long thought that solely three different transposable elements - the I-element, the P-element and hobo - invaded natural D. melanogaster populations within the last century. By sequencing the ‘living fossils’ of Drosophila research, i.e. D. melanogaster strains sampled from natural populations at different time points, we show that a fourth TE, Tirant, invaded D. melanogaster populations during the past century. Tirant likely spread in D. melanogaster populations around 1938, followed by the I-element, hobo, and, lastly, the P-element. In addition to the recent insertions of the canonical Tirant, D. melanogaster strains harbour degraded Tirant sequences in the heterochromatin which are likely due to an ancient invasion, possibly predating the split of D. melanogaster and D. simulans. In contrast to the I-element, P-element and hobo, we did not find that Tirant induces any hybrid dysgenesis symptoms. This absence of apparent phenotypic effects may explain the late discovery of the Tirant invasion. Recent Tirant insertions were found in all investigated natural populations. Populations from Tasmania carry distinct Tirant sequences, likely due to a founder effect. By investigating the TE composition of natural populations and strains sampled at different time points, insertion site polymorphisms, piRNAs and phenotypic effects, we provide a comprehensive study of a natural TE invasion.

scholarly journals De-schooling Well-being: Toward a Learning-Oriented Definition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Rincón-Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global South ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Robust Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grammar Of Schooling

Purpose: (1) Critique conventional schooling as detrimental to student well-being and learning. (2) Articulate an alternative that is more conducive to learning and well-being in classrooms, schools, and educational systems. Design/Approach/Methods: I review the historical functions of compulsory schooling, the main critiques to conventional schooling developed over the past century, emerging knowledge on the neuroscience of learning and well-being, and cases of large-scale pedagogical transformation from the Global South. Findings: I argue that conventional schooling is detrimental to well-being, that deep learning is a precursor of well-being, and that compulsory schooling is not designed to cultivate it. Well-being has to be de-schooled so that students thrive in schools: The grammar of schooling has to be replaced with the language of learning. This requires deep and widespread cultural change, and some movements of pedagogical renewal from the Global South offer important lessons on how to accomplish this. Originality/Value: Expanding the scope of existing debates about student well-being by questioning the assumption that compulsory schooling is inherently good and pointing out that unless the default culture of schooling is replaced with cultures of robust learning, student well-being efforts will simply reproduce the very problems they seek to solve.

scholarly journals The Limaçon of Pascal: Mechanical Generation and Utilization for Fluid Processing

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Plane Curve ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sample Application

The limaçon of Pascal is a plane curve that possesses some characteristics which qualify it for fluid processing applications. However, the curve has not yet attracted enough attention, neither from industry nor from the mechanical engineering research community, despite the few attempts that have been conducted over the past century. The work presented here is intended to explore various mechanical linkages that can be employed to produce the limaçon and the aspects of these linkages. Mathematical analysis will show that machines based on the limaçon curve possess sinusoidal volumetric relationships and hence, simplified pressure and torque equations can be obtained in closed forms. The concepts discussed here will be demonstrated by using a compressor as a sample application.

scholarly journals THE GENETICS OF A SMALL AUTOSOMAL REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. II. LETHAL MUTATIONS IN THE REGION

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
R C Woodruff ◽  
M Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Autosomal Region ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Ectopic Pairing

ABSTRACT Forty-seven lethal mutations and alleles of nine visible loci (including alcohol dehydrogenase) have been mapped by both deficiency mapping and, in most cases, by recombination mapping to a small region (34D-35C) of chromosome arm 2L of Drosophila melanogaster. The lethals fall into approximately 21 complementation groups, and we estimate that the total number of lethal plus visible complementation groups within the 34-band deficiency, Df(2L)64j, is approximately 34, a remarkable numerical coincidence. The possible genetic significance of this coincidence is discussed. Lethals mapping close to the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase, both distally and proximally, have been identified and will be used for the construction of selective crosses for the study of exchange within this locus. Despite many abnormal cytological features (e.g., ectopic pairing, weak points) region 35 of chromosome arm 2L does not display any unusual genetic features; indeed, in terms of the aniount of recombination per band and the average map distance between adjacent loci, this region is similar to that between zeste and white on the X chromosome.

Eastern Mediterranean Drying: Projected Changes in Dynamics and Thermodynamics and Their Relation to Large-Scale Processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilat Elbaum ◽  
Chaim Garfinkel ◽  
Ori Adam ◽  
Efrat Morin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Precipitation Changes

<p>Observations from the past century and projections for the end of this century exhibit a decrease in precipitation over the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and surrounding land areas, but the magnitude of the expected drying is unknown. Changes in precipitation are controlled by both thermodynamic (moist) and dynamic (dry) processes, but the relative contributions of these processes, in particular on regional scales, is not well understood. Previous studies have analyzed the ability of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multi-model mean to represent the spatial and seasonal patterns of the Mediterranean hydroclimate. A wide spread exists among the individual models, which can be exploited to better understand the factors controlling future climate. Garfinkel et al. (2020)<sup>[i]</sup> found that large-scale mechanisms contribute about 50% of the model spread in Eastern Mediterranean drying. This study further explores the variance across models in projected changes of the moisture budget by decomposing them into mean dynamic, mean thermodynamic and transient components. These components are then related to the variance across models in projected large-scale processes. Through these analyses, uncertainties regarding future changes in precipitation can be reduced.</p><p><sup>[i]</sup> Garfinkel, C. I. et al. (2020) ‘The role of zonally averaged climate change in contributing to inter-model spread in CMIP5 predicted local precipitation changes’, Journal of Climate, 33, pp. 1141–1154. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0232.1.</p>

Precipitation variability in the Meuse basin in relation to atmospheric circulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tu ◽  
P.J.M. de Laat ◽  
M.J. Hall ◽  
M.J.M. de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Precipitation Events

The distribution of precipitation events in the Meuse basin during the past century has been found to reflect the large-scale atmospheric circulation, as characterised by the Grosswetterlagen system. Statistical analysis of the long observation records (1911–2002) for the basin showed that although the annual (November to October) and winter half-year (November to April) frequencies of wet days (≥1 mm/day) were nearly stable, the associated precipitation amounts have significantly increased since 1980. From 1980 onwards, the very wet days (≥10 mm/day) in the winter half-year have become more frequent. No obvious change was identified for the summer half-year (May to October) very wet days. Both the precipitation amounts of wet and very wet days in the winter half-year and the occurrence of associated atmospheric circulation of the types/sub-types west cyclone, southwest cyclone and northwest cyclone showed a significant increase around 1980.

Experience and prediction: a metric of hardness for a novel litmus test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Isaak ◽  
Loizos Michael
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Automated System ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Litmus Test

Abstract In the past decade, the Winograd schema challenge (WSC) has become a central aspect of the research community as a novel litmus test. Consequently, the WSC has spurred research interest because it can be seen as the means to understand human behavior. In this regard, the development of new techniques has made possible the usage of Winograd schemas in various fields, such as the design of novel forms of CAPTCHAs. Work from the literature that established a baseline for human adult performance on the WSC has shown that not all schemas are the same, meaning that they could potentially be categorized according to their perceived hardness for humans. In this regard, this hardness metric could be used in future challenges or in the WSC CAPTCHA service to differentiate between Winograd schemas. Recent work of ours has shown that this could be achieved via the design of an automated system that is able to output the hardness indexes of Winograd schemas, albeit with limitations regarding the number of schemas it could be applied on. This paper adds to previous research by presenting a new system that is based on machine learning, able to output the hardness of any Winograd schema faster and more accurately than any other previously used method. Our developed system, which works within two different approaches, namely the random forest and deep learning (LSTM-based), is ready to be used as an extension of any other system that aims to differentiate between Winograd schemas, according to their perceived hardness for humans. At the same time, along with our developed system we extend previous work by presenting the results of a large-scale experiment that shows how human performance varies across Winograd schemas.

scholarly journals Discovery-Based Nutritional Systems Biology: Developing N-of-1 Nutrigenomic Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Kaput ◽  
Melissa Morine
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Gene Variant ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Attributable Risks ◽  
Random Groups

The progress in and success of biomedical research over the past century was built on the foundation outlined in R.A. Fisher’s The Design of Experiments (1935), which described the theory and methodological approach to designing research studies. A key tenet of Fisher’s treatise, widely adopted by the research community, is randomization, the process of assigning individuals to random groups or treatments. Comparing outcomes or responses between these groups yields “risk factors” called population attributable risks (PAR), which are statistical estimates of the percentage reduction in disease if the risk were avoided or in the case of genetic associations, if the gene variant were not present in the population.

scholarly journals Genetic and Bioinformatic Analysis of 41C and the 2R Heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster: A Window on the Heterochromatin-Euchromatin Junction

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H Myster ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Robert Cavallo ◽  
Whitney Christian ◽  
Seema Bhotika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
The Right

Abstract Genomic sequences provide powerful new tools in genetic analysis, making it possible to combine classical genetics with genomics to characterize the genes in a particular chromosome region. These approaches have been applied successfully to the euchromatin, but analysis of the heterochromatin has lagged somewhat behind. We describe a combined genetic and bioinformatics approach to the base of the right arm of the Drosophila melanogaster second chromosome, at the boundary between pericentric heterochromatin and euchromatin. We used resources provided by the genome project to derive a physical map of the region, examine gene density, and estimate the number of potential genes. We also carried out a large-scale genetic screen for lethal mutations in the region. We identified new alleles of the known essential genes and also identified mutations in 21 novel loci. Fourteen complementation groups map proximal to the assembled sequence. We used PCR to map the endpoints of several deficiencies and used the same set of deficiencies to order the essential genes, correlating the genetic and physical map. This allowed us to assign two of the complementation groups to particular “computed/curated genes” (CGs), one of which is Nipped-A, which our evidence suggests encodes Drosophila Tra1/TRRAP.

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