Population dynamics of the 2 major mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in experimental populations of Drosophila subobscura

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Oliver ◽  
Joan Balanyà ◽  
Maria Misericòrdia Ramon ◽  
Antònia Picornell ◽  
Lluis Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Experimental Populations

The evolution of Drosophila subobscura mitochondrial DNA has been studied in experimental populations, founded with flies from a natural population from Calvià (Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain). This population, like others founded in Europe, is characterized by the presence of 2 very common (>95%) mitochondrial haplotypes (named I and II) and rare and endemic haplotypes that appear at very low frequencies. Four experimental populations were established with flies having a heterogeneous nuclear genetic background, which was representative of the composition of the natural population. The populations were started with haplotypes I and II at an initial frequency of 50% each. After 33 generations, the 2 haplotypes coexisted. Random drift could be rejected as the only force responsible for the observed changes in haplotype frequencies. A slight but significant linear trend favouring a mtDNA (haploid) fitness effect has been detected, with a nonlinear deviation that could be due to a nuclear component. An analysis of chromosomal arrangements was made before the foundations of the cages and at generation 23. Our results indicated that the hypothesis that the maintenance of the frequencies of haplotypes I and II in natural populations could be due to their association with chromosomal arrangements remains controversial.Key words: natural selection, random drift, cytonuclear interactions, chromosomal arrangements, mtDNA haplotypes, Drosophila subobscura.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Haplotype Frequencies in Natural and Experimental Populations of Drosophila subobscura

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1377-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
José García-Martínez ◽  
José Aurelio Castro ◽  
Misericordia Ramón ◽  
Amparo Latorre ◽  
Andrés Moya
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Haplotype Frequencies ◽  
Experimental Populations

Abstract The evolution of Drosophila subobscura mitochondrial DNA has been studied in experimental populations, founded with flies from a natural population from Esporles (Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain). This population, like other European ones, is characterized by the presence of two very common (>96%) mitochondrial haplotypes (called I and II) and rare and endemic haplotypes that appear at very low frequencies. There is no statistical evidence of positive Darwinian selection acting on the mitochondrial DNA variants according to Tajima's neutrality test. Two experimental populations, with one replicate each, were established with flies having a heterogeneous nuclear genetic background, which was representative of the composition of the natural population. Both populations were started with the two most frequent mitochondrial haplotypes, but at different initial frequencies. After 13 to 16 generations, haplotype II reached fixation in three cages and its frequency was 0.89 by generation 25 in the fourth cage. Random drift can be rejected as the force responsible for the observed changes in haplotype frequencies. There is not only statistical evidence of a linear trend favoring a mtDNA (haploid) fitness effect, but also of a significant nonlinear deviation that could be due to a nuclear component.

Absence of linkage disequilibria between chromosomal arrangements and mtDNA haplotypes in natural populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkan Peninsula

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihailo Jelić ◽  
José A. Castro ◽  
Zorana Kurbalija Novičić ◽  
Bojan Kenig ◽  
Danica Dimitrijević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Linkage Disequilibria ◽  
Mtdna Haplotypes ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Variability

The genetic structure of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkan Peninsula was studied with respect to restriction site polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA in populations from the Derventa River Gorge and Sicevo Gorge (Serbia). To investigate the role of cytonuclear interactions in shaping mitochondrial DNA variability in natural populations of this species, the study was complemented with the analysis of linkage disequilibria between mitochondrial haplotypes and chromosomal inversion arrangements. Similar to other populations of D. subobscura, two main haplotypes (I and II) were found, as well as a series of less common ones. The frequencies of haplotypes I and II accounted for 25.8% and 71.0%, respectively, in the population from the Derventa River Gorge, and for 32.4% and 58.1%, respectively, in the population from Sicevo Gorge. One of the haplotypes harbored a large insertion (2.7 kb) in the A+T rich region. The frequency distribution of both haplotypes did not depart from neutrality. Contrary to prior studies, we did not detect any significant linkage disequilibrium between the two most frequent mtDNA haplotypes and any of the chromosomal arrangements in either of the populations. We conclude that linkage disequilibrium is not a general occurrence in natural populations of D. subobscura, and we discuss how transient coadaptations, ecologically specific selective pressures, and demographics could contribute to population-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium.

scholarly journals Linkage disequilibrium in experimental populations of Drosophila simulans: a test of the random drift hypothesis

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Catherine Montchamp-Moreau ◽  
Mariano Katz
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Neutralist Hypothesis

SummaryLinkage disequilibrium between five polymorphic enzymic loci of the third chromosome (Esterase-6, Phosphoglucomutase, Esterase-C, Aldehyde Oxidase and Acid Phosphatase) was studied in experimental populations of Drosophila simulans. Gametic data were obtained by mating sampled males with homozygous females at the five loci. Four cage populations were initiated with flies caught from natural populations. Extensive linkage disequilibrium was detected after 25 or 34 generations. The effective size of these populations was estimated about 400. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to determine whether the observed disequilibria could be due to genetic drift. The observed probability distribution of the experimental values of r (the gametic correlation coefficient) was consistent with the distribution expected under random genetic drift. Our results are thus in accordance with the neutralist hypothesis.

scholarly journals Thermal adaptation and clinal mitochondrial DNA variation of European anchovy

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20141093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Silva ◽  
Fernando P. Lima ◽  
Paulo Martel ◽  
Rita Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
European Anchovy

Natural populations of widely distributed organisms often exhibit genetic clinal variation over their geographical ranges. The European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus , illustrates this by displaying a two-clade mitochondrial structure clinally arranged along the eastern Atlantic. One clade has low frequencies at higher latitudes, whereas the other has an anti-tropical distribution, with frequencies decreasing towards the tropics. The distribution pattern of these clades has been explained as a consequence of secondary contact after an ancient geographical isolation. However, it is not unlikely that selection acts on mitochondria whose genes are involved in relevant oxidative phosphorylation processes. In this study, we performed selection tests on a fragment of 1044 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene using 455 individuals from 18 locations. We also tested correlations of six environmental features: temperature, salinity, apparent oxygen utilization and nutrient concentrations of phosphate, nitrate and silicate, on a compilation of mitochondrial clade frequencies from 66 sampling sites comprising 2776 specimens from previously published studies. Positive selection in a single codon was detected predominantly (99%) in the anti-tropical clade and temperature was the most relevant environmental predictor, contributing with 59% of the variance in the geographical distribution of clade frequencies. These findings strongly suggest that temperature is shaping the contemporary distribution of mitochondrial DNA clade frequencies in the European anchovy.

scholarly journals Relationship between chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability of Drosophila subobscura population from the Lazar’s river canyon

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihailo Jelic ◽  
Bojan Kenig ◽  
Marija Tanaskovic ◽  
Marina Stamenkovic-Radak ◽  
Marko Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Significant Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Variability ◽  
Significant Linkage

The genetic structure of Drosophila subobscura population from the Lazar?s River Canyon (Serbia) was studied with respect to restriction site polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA and chromosomal inversion polymorphism. The aim was to shed more light on the role of cytonuclear interactions in shaping mitochondrial DNA variability in this species. Similar to other populations of D. subobscura two main haplotypes (I and II) were found, as well as less common ones that appeared at very low frequencies. The frequency distribution of haplotypes did not depart from neutrality. We did not find statistically significant linkage disequilibrium between the haplotypes belonging to haplogroups I and II and any of the chromosomal arrangements. However, when we compared the data in hereby analyzed population and two previously analyzed populations we observed that haplotype I is more frequent in populations where standard inversion arrangements are less frequent. Pattern of the observed mitochondrial variability could be influenced either directly by environmental variability or through environmentally specific cytonuclear coadaptation.

scholarly journals GENIC VERSUS CHROMOSOMAL VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223-1244
Author(s):  
E Zouros ◽  
C B Krimbas ◽  
S Tsakas ◽  
M Loukas
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Gametic frequencies in one mainland and one island population of D. subobscura were obtained by means of extracting wild chromosomes and subsequently analyzing them for inversions and allozymes. The high degree of cytological heterogeneity which characterizes these populations is not reflected in the genetic data. Two cases of non-random association were observed among eighteen pair-wise comparisons involving gene alleles and inversions to which the locus is linked. In both cases exchange of alleles at the locus is completely suppressed by the inversions. Four cases of linkage disequilibrium were detected among eighteen pairs of loci; two of them could best be explained as transient associations generated by random drift. The results suggest that disequilibria among enzyme loci are not widespread in natural populations—Populations with a lower degree of chromosomal variation are genetically as variable as populations with a higher degree of chromosomal variation. This observation does not support the hypothesis that selection in marginal homokaryotypic populations is for specialized homozygous genotypes.

Molecular characterization and cytonuclear disequilibria of two Drosophila subobscura mitochondrial haplotypes

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Moya ◽  
Eladio Barrio ◽  
David Martínez ◽  
Amparo Latorre ◽  
Fernando González-Candelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Old World ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Nd5 Gene ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Rare Endemic

According to restriction site analyses of mitochondrial DNA, Drosophila subobscura shows a polymorphism that consists of two frequent haplotypes that are evenly distributed all over the Old World and several rare haplotypes never present in more than one locality. To ascertain the causes responsible for such distribution, three different mtDNA fragments from haplotypes I and II sampled in a population from Zürich have been partially sequenced. Only three silent nucleotide changes have been detected in the ND5 gene. One of them implies the loss of the HaeIII restriction site, which differentiates haplotype I from haplotype II. On the basis of these results as well as on others involving the geographic distribution of haplotypes I and II, they can be considered phenotypically equivalent. The sequencing study has been complemented with the analysis of cytonuclear disequilibria between mitochondrial haplotypes and different nuclear loci in four D. subobscura populations. As expected, no significant cytonuclear disequilibria have been found between haplotypes I and II. Moreover, when haplotypes I and II were pooled and compared with the rare, endemic haplotypes similar results were obtained.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, allozymes, selection, neutrality, cytonuclear disequilibria.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM MAINTAINED BY SELECTION IN TWO NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-674
Author(s):  
E Zouros ◽  
C B Krimbas
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Mainland Population ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

ABSTRACT One island and one mainland population of Drosophila subobscura were found polymorphic at the XDH (xanthine dehydrogenase) and the A0 (aldehyde oxidase) loci. It was observed that one allele at the XDH locus, which has a low frequency in both populations, is nonrandomly associated with the alleles at the A0 locus. Two lines of evidence support the thesis that this linkage disequilibrium is due to epistasis rather than random drift: (I)D or r, measures of the disequilibrium, have the same sign and magnitude in both populations. (2) The linkage disequilibrium is not due to inversions. Inversions segregating on the chromosome carrying XDH and A0 have been separated into two classes, between which exchange of alleles at the two loci is suppressed. Linkage disequilibrium for XDH and A0 was observed within each class. In the absence of any exchange of alleles, these disequilibria must have arisen and been maintained independently. The suggestion is made that the epistatic disequilibrium results from the close structural and physiological relationship which exists between the tn-o enzymes.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document