Microsatellite variability among wild and cultivated hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jernej Jakse ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
Branka Javornik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Wild Accessions

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a dioecious perennial plant native to the northern hemisphere cultivated for its use in the brewing industry. To investigate the genetic diversity present in wild hop accessions in comparison with cultivated hops, microsatellite marker variation was assessed at four loci in 124 accessions of wild (from Europe, Asia and from North America) and cultivated (varieties and breeding lines) hops. A total of 63 alleles were identified, with an average of 15.7 alleles per locus and an average PIC of 0.64 over four loci. The average number of alleles per locus in groups of accessions ranged from 5.75 to 8.30, with the highest number detected in groups of wild hops either of European (EU) or North American (NA) origin. Accessions from NA revealed the highest number of unique alleles indicating the high diversity present in this gene pool. Cluster analysis based on the DD or Dsw distance matrix divided accessions into 10 different clusters, which reflect the relationship among geographically diverse wild accessions and hop cultivars. The highest genetic differences were found between NA wild accessions, forming one distant cluster, and all the other accessions. The differentiation between European wild and cultivated accessions was revealed by PCoA based on the DD distance matrix and by AMOVA results. Cultivated hops differ significantly from wild ones, although most of the variability was found within groups. The molecular variances within groups of cultivated and wild hops were homogeneous, suggesting that a similar level of molecular variability is found in both groups of accessions. The analysis of allele polymorphism and of allele sequences showed that hop germplasm can be differentiated to NA and EU geographic types according to the differences of allele sizes at three loci or by the specific microsatellite repeat type at one locus. The analysis also indicates the different evolutionary dynamics and complex mutations of microsatellite sequences within loci that can be followed in the two biogeographically separated germplasms.Key words: Humulus lupulus L., genetic diversity, germplasm, microsatellites, allele sequence variation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic variability within actual hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars by an enlarged set of molecular markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patzak ◽  
A. Henychová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Traditional hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars have been used in the brewing industry for a long time. Globally, about ten new breeding lines were released to the market in each decade from ~1970 to 1999. Since 2006, the rate of release of new cultivars has increased tenfold. It is, therefore, important to identify their genotype and origin. Molecular genetic methods based on DNA are the most appropriate technology for this purpose. Recently, we developed an efficient marker system for the authenticity control of hop genotypes based on expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR). In the present study, we enlarged the previously established EST-SSR set with 27 new polymorphic markers and evaluated molecular genetic variability within 135 traditional and new world hop cultivars. Two sets of 10 markers effectively differentiated all used cultivars, with the exception of cultivars derived from the same original genotype such as Saaz, Spalt, Tettnang and Nadwislawsky. Results of molecular genetic variability analyses corresponded with the genealogical and geographical origin of the key cultivars.

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity and Low Population Differentiation in Wild Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) from Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6484
Author(s):  
Martina Grdiša ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
Zlatko Liber ◽  
Jernej Jakše ◽  
Filip Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is used in the brewing industry as a source of compounds responsible for the bitterness, aroma, and preservative properties of beer. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to investigate genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of wild hop populations sampled in the northwestern part of Croatia. Analysis of 12 microsatellite loci revealed high diversity and weak population differentiation among wild hop populations. A total of 152 alleles were determined with an average of 12.67 alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.689 to 0.839 (average 0.767) and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.725 to 0.789 (average 0.760). A total of 38 private alleles were detected. The data suggest that H. lupulus populations are not affected by recent bottlenecks. The degree of genetic differentiation among populations was low and not significant for most pairwise FST values, except for the pair of geographically most distant populations. The results did not indicate the existence of genetic structure among the sampled populations. The high genetic diversity and low differentiation among populations, combined with the absence of isolation by distance, indicate the existence of substantial gene flow among wild hop populations. Therefore, extensive sampling per population is clearly required to assess the genetic diversity of hop populations. Sampling strategies involving sampling across a large number of localities represented by only a few samples could lead to erroneous conclusions.

scholarly journals Leaf area and intermittent misting on hop plants propagation by stem cuttings

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Marília Pereira Machado ◽  
José Miola ◽  
Cícero Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Leaf Retention

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant with economic importance due to its use in the brewing industry. The cones produced by the species contain the main substances responsible for the beer’s bitterness and aroma. Hop plants cultivation in Brazil is still incipient and information on efficient methods for its propagation in this context are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different leaf areas (two whole leaves, two leaves in half, one whole leaf, one leaf in half and without leaves) in herbaceous stem cuttings planted in environments with and without intermittent misting. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Curitiba-PR, Brazil (25º25’40 “S and 49º16’23” W). After 30 days of planting, the survival, rooting, sprouting and leaf retention percentages, roots number, average roots length and roots and sprouts dry mass were evaluated. Cuttings with one or two whole leaves and two leaves in half in the misting environment showed the highest rooting percentages (between 90.0 and 97.5%). In the without misting environment, the highest values were observed in cuttings with one or two leaves in half and one whole leaf (between 62.5 and 72.5%). Leafless cuttings had low survival percentages (2.5% in both environments). Under intermittent misting conditions it is recommended to prepare stem cuttings with one or two whole leaves and, in the absence of control over the environment humidity, cuttings with one whole leaf are recommended.

scholarly journals Characterization of Czech hop (Humulus lupulus L.) genotypes by molecular methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patzak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Quality System ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L

In the last year, new hybrid hop (Humulus lupulus L.) variety Agnus was released for cultivation in the Czech Republic. It has been necessary to prepare the quality system of Agnus identification from other Czech genotypes and characterise the germplasm of this variety by molecular methods. We proved that utilization of five STS primer combinations successfully and completely identified and determined Czech released varieties and new promising breeding materials. The use of STS method was also very effective and sensitive for control of authenticity and purity of variety Agnus in multipropagation cycle. The study of genetic diversity of 61 hop varieties by RAPD, STS, ISSR and AFLP methods confirmed, that germplasm of variety Agnus has ranked among high-alfa varieties. The results can be successfully used for identification, germplasm management, genetic studies and breeding purposes by breeders, multipropagators and hop growers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Suitability of Aromatic and High-Bitter Hop Varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) for Beer Production in the Conditions of the Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Mateusz Śpiewak ◽  
Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz ◽  
Dominika Skiba ◽  
Bernadetta Bienia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Monoterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Beer Production

The aim of the study was to assess the yield of cones and the quality of six hop varieties (“Iunga”, “Lubelski”, “Sybilla”, “Magnum”, “Lomik”, “Marynka”) in terms of their suitability for beer production, under the conditions of the Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region (21°53′ E; 51°16′ N) (2015–2017). The scope of the research included the determination of the yield of cones and their physicochemical properties, as well as determination of the contents of hop resins and essential oils. In bitter varieties, the ratio of alpha-acids to beta-acids was stable, while, in aromatic varieties, it was variable. In the essential oils of the studied hop varieties, compounds with myrcene and α-humulene were identified and dominated the profiles. “Iunga”, “Sybilla”, “Lubelski”, and “Lomik” were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly myrcene, while there was a bit more α-humulene in the “Marynka” variety. “Magnum” was characterized by an even distribution of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The “Magnum variety turned out the most useful for the brewing industry in this region. The Małopolska Vistula Gorge Region is a region where hops not only achieve a high yield of cones, but also good-quality. The bitterness and aroma content of the hops in this region is high.

scholarly journals A chickpea genetic variation map based on the sequencing of 3,366 genomes

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Varshney ◽  
Manish Roorkiwal ◽  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Prasad Bajaj ◽  
Annapurna Chitikineni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

AbstractZero hunger and good health could be realized by 2030 through effective conservation, characterization and utilization of germplasm resources1. So far, few chickpea (Cicerarietinum) germplasm accessions have been characterized at the genome sequence level2. Here we present a detailed map of variation in 3,171 cultivated and 195 wild accessions to provide publicly available resources for chickpea genomics research and breeding. We constructed a chickpea pan-genome to describe genomic diversity across cultivated chickpea and its wild progenitor accessions. A divergence tree using genes present in around 80% of individuals in one species allowed us to estimate the divergence of Cicer over the last 21 million years. Our analysis found chromosomal segments and genes that show signatures of selection during domestication, migration and improvement. The chromosomal locations of deleterious mutations responsible for limited genetic diversity and decreased fitness were identified in elite germplasm. We identified superior haplotypes for improvement-related traits in landraces that can be introgressed into elite breeding lines through haplotype-based breeding, and found targets for purging deleterious alleles through genomics-assisted breeding and/or gene editing. Finally, we propose three crop breeding strategies based on genomic prediction to enhance crop productivity for 16 traits while avoiding the erosion of genetic diversity through optimal contribution selection (OCS)-based pre-breeding. The predicted performance for 100-seed weight, an important yield-related trait, increased by up to 23% and 12% with OCS- and haplotype-based genomic approaches, respectively.

scholarly journals Humulus lupulus L. as a Natural Source of Functional Biomolecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Astray ◽  
Patricia Gullón ◽  
Beatriz Gullón ◽  
Paulo E. S. Munekata ◽  
José M. Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Cosmetic Formulation ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Fresh Foods ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Intense Research

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are used traditionally in the brewing industry to confer bitterness, aroma, and flavor to beer. However, in recent years, it has been reported that female inflorescences contain a huge variety of bioactive compounds. Due to the growing interest of the consumers by natural ingredients, intense research has been carried out in the last years to find new sources of functional molecules. This review collects the works about the bioactive potential of hops with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic industries. Moreover, an overview of the main extraction technologies to recover biomolecules from hops is shown. Bioactivities of hop extracts such as antibacterial, antifungal, cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral are also summarized. It can be concluded that hops present a high potential of bioactive ingredients with high quality that can be used as preservative agents in fresh foods, extending their shelf life, and they can be incorporated in cosmetic formulation for skincare as well.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Remnant Swedish Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Yards from the 15th to 18th Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Else-Marie Karlsson Strese ◽  
Maria Lundström ◽  
Jenny Hagenblad ◽  
Matti W Leino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L
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