Assessment of genetic variability of haploids extracted from tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) Solanum tuberosum

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Ercolano ◽  
D Carputo ◽  
J Li ◽  
L Monti ◽  
A Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Potential Use

The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variability of haploids (2n = 2x = 24) extracted from tetraploid Solanum tuberosum through 4x × 2x crosses with Solanum phureja. Molecular and phenotypic analyses were performed to fingerprint the genotypes used and to evaluate their potential use in breeding programs. AFLP analysis revealed the presence of specific bands derived from the tetraploid seed parent S. phureja, as well as ex novo originated bands. On average, 210 bands were visualized per genotype, 149 (70%) of which were common to both parental genotypes. The percentage of S. tuberosum specific bands ranged from 25.1% to 18.6%, with an average of 22%. The fraction of genome coming from S. phureja ranged from 1.9% to 6.5%, with an average value of 4%. The percentage of ex novo bands varied from 1.9% to 9.0%. The presence of S. phureja DNA is very interesting because it indicated that S. phureja pollinator is involved in the mechanism of haploid formation. The characterization for resistance to Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and potato virus X (PVX) provided evidence that haploids may express traits that are lacking in the tetraploids they come from, which can be useful for both genetic studies and breeding purposes. It is noteworthy that genotypes combining resistance to both diseases and good pollen stainability were identified. Other possible breeding implications owing to the presence of S. phureja genome in the haploids analyzed are discussed.Key words: AFLP, S. phureja, resistance traits, potato.

LIMITATIONS TO THE USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN PLANT BREEDING

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. MAHON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
Genetic Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Physiological Characters

The possibility that breeding programs may be reaching a point of limited progress because of the lack of genetic diversity has often been raised. However, there is also an often-expressed feeling that considerable genetic variability may exist in fundamental physiological processes. In this review, an attempt is made to examine whether there is evidence of genetic variability in quantitative physiological characters, and if so, whether such variability is likely to be useful to crop improvement programs. The results, presented from the literature and the author’s laboratory, indicate that physiological characters demonstrate considerable genotypic variability in expression. Moreover, in cases where genotype performance has been studied over a range of environments or where crossing studies have been carried out, physiological characters often have relatively high heritabilities. This suggests that, at least from a genetic standpoint, improvements in the expression of physiological processes may be possible. On the other hand, the problems of environmental sensitivity and its resultant error variability, combined with cumbersome methodology and complex physiological interactions, make it difficult to relate individual physiological characters to agronomic benefits, and make large genetic studies difficult. The exploitation of physiological diversity remains a major challenge to plant scientists.Key words: Genetic heritability, physiology of yield

scholarly journals Inbreeding depression and genetic variability in agricultural traits and resistance to phytopathogens in exotic maize populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurilene Santos Oliveira ◽  
Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Fernando Cezar Juliatti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Resistance To Phytopathogens

The effect known as depression by inbreeding refers to the reduction on the average value of quantitative traits, related to plant reproduction and physiology, due to the homozygosis of deleterious alleles.  This study evaluated the inbreeding depression and the genetic variability of agricultural traits and of the resistance to phytopathogens in inbred families of two exotic maize populations.  The experiments were done in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in the second harvest 2015.  Fifty and 40 FS1 of NAP5 and NAP7 populations, respectively, were evaluated interplanting one row with a mixture of base population at every ten plots to estimate depression by inbreeding of the traits evaluated.  The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications.  The following traits were evaluated: AP – plant height (cm), AE – ear height (cm), FM – male flowering (days), PQ – number of broken plants, AC – number of lodged plants, PG – kernel production (kg plot-1).  The greatest estimates of depression by inbreeding in the agricultural traits were observed for kernel production, with values of 51.2 and 38.9% for the populations NAP5 and NAP7, respectively.  Among the traits of resistance to phytopathogens, the greatest estimate was observed for the stunting complex, with values of -58.9% in NAP5 and -74.2% in NAP7.  Both populations under study presented genetic potential to be used in breeding programs with recurrent selection and, after some selection cycles, lineages with good agricultural standard and resistance to phytopathogens can be obtained.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Isolates of Ramulispora sorghi From Cáceres-MT, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
A. V. M. Duarte ◽  
C. L. Correa ◽  
M. A. A. Barelli ◽  
B. W. Zago ◽  
N. L. Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Average Value

Among the most produced cereals worldwide, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), presents low productivity in Brazil, mainly due to the occurrence of diseases, with a prominence of sooty stripe, caused by the fungus Ramulispora sorghi, until then considered a secondary disease, has increased its incidence and severity, especially in conditions of high humidity and temperature. The most efficient means of control is the use of resistant cultivars, in this sense, studies on the genetic variability of the fungus through molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding programs of sorghum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability in isolates of Ramulispora sorghi belonging to the mycoteca of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, campus of Cáceres, via molecular markers of the ISSR type. The results indicate the existence of genetic variability among the isolates of R. sorghi. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) showed that the primers were classified as medium informational with an average value of 0.27. 71 polymorphic fragments were formed considering the 40 isolates of R. sorghi, which presented the value of k = 2, represent the differentiation of the isolates into two distinct clusters. The genetic dissimilarity measures were estimated by the Coefficient of Nei and Li, where the combination between the isolates B107/16 (15) and B103/15 (16) obtained the smallest magnitude (0,12) and the combinations between isolates B111/16 (2) and S114/15 (33), S316/15 (3) and S114/15 (33), B115/16 (4) and S114/15 (33), B118/16 (6) and S114/15 (33) were more dissimilar (1,00). The “UPGMA” method provided a breakdown of the 40 isolates into 4 distinct groups. The Cophenetic Correlaction Coefficient (CCC) presented significant value with r = 0,84. The Tocher’s optimization method allowed the 40 isolates to be distributed in 10 different groups. These results provide relevant information on the genetic variability among the 40 isolates of R. sorghi analyzed. In addition, they indicate that fungus have a wide genetic diversity, and have been recurring in different regions of Brazil and the world, and thus, larger studies become essential for more effective control measures.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and genome-wide association analysis of flavor and texture in cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bassett ◽  
Kelvin Kamfwa ◽  
Daniel Ambachew ◽  
Karen Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
White Bean ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
End Use

Abstract Key message Cooked bean flavor and texture vary within and across 20 Andean seed types; SNPs are significantly associated with total flavor, beany, earthy, starchy, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Abstract Common dry beans are a nutritious food recognized as a staple globally, but their consumption is low in the USA. Improving bean flavor and texture through breeding has the potential to improve consumer acceptance and suitability for new end-use products. Little is known about genetic variability and inheritance of bean sensory characteristics. A total of 430 genotypes of the Andean Diversity Panel representing twenty seed types were grown in three locations, and cooked seeds were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for flavor and texture attribute intensities, including total flavor, beany, vegetative, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Extensive variation in sensory attributes was found across and within seed types. A set of genotypes was identified that exhibit extreme attribute intensities generally stable across all three environments. seed-coat perception and total flavor intensity had the highest broad-sense heritability (0.39 and 0.38, respectively), while earthy and vegetative intensities exhibited the lowest (0.14 and 0.15, respectively). Starchy and sweet flavors were positively correlated and highest in white bean genotypes according to principal component analysis. SNPs associated with total flavor intensity (six SNPs across three chromosomes), beany (five SNPs across four chromosomes), earthy (three SNPs across two chromosomes), starchy (one SNP), bitter (one SNP), seed-coat perception (three SNPs across two chromosomes), and cotyledon texture (two SNPs across two chromosomes) were detected. These findings lay a foundation for incorporating flavor and texture in breeding programs for the development of new varieties that entice growers, consumers, and product developers alike.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH IN BARLEY. I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRANCE AND EXPRESSIVITY OF GENE(S) CONDITIONING HOST RESISTANCE

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Variability in the host-reaction of barley to infection by Drechslera teres was examined in the parents and progeny of selected crosses under different environmental conditions of testing.The Ethiopian variety C.I. 5791 exhibits a consistently high level of resistance under a range of environmental conditions, which is in contrast to the Manchurian variety C.I. 2330. The sensitivity of the genes for resistance possessed by these varieties to environmental modifications is considered to depend upon their respective genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, variability of host reaction in the progeny of these resistant varieties was shown to be influenced by the genetic background of the susceptible parent used.The implications of these findings in the conduct and interpretation of genetic studies and in backcross breeding programs is discussed.

scholarly journals Population structure of Czech cold-blooded breeds of horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
Z. Čapková ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
B. Hofmanová ◽  
H. Vostrá Vydrová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

Abstract. In order to estimate effective population size, generation interval and the development of inbreeding coefficients (Fx) in three original breeds of cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic: Silesian Noriker (SN), Noriker (N) and Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (CMB) all animals of the particular breeds born from 1990 to 2007 were analysed. The average values of generation interval between parents and their offspring were: 8.53 in SN, 8.88 in N and 8.56 in CMB. Average values of effective population size were estimated to be: 86.3 in SN, 162.3 in N and 104.4 in CMB. The average values of inbreeding coefficient were 3.13 % in SN stallions and 3.39 % in SN mares, in the N breed 1.76 % and 1.26 % and in the CMB breed 3.84 % and 3.26 % respectively. Overall averages of Fx were: 3.23 %, 1.51 % and 3.55 % for the breeds SN, N and CMB. The average value of inbreeding coefficient Fx increased by 1.22 % in SN, by 0.35 % in N and by 1.01 % in CMB, respectively. This may lead to a reduction in genetic variability. Reduction in genetic variability could be either controlled in cooperation with corresponding populations of cold-blooded breeds in other European countries or controlled by number of sires used in population

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of sucrose concentration in soybean seeds using a historical soybean genomic panel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ficht ◽  
Robert W. Bruce ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Christopher Grainger ◽  
Milad Eskandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is a crop of global importance for both human and animal consumption, which was domesticated in China more than 6000 years ago. A concern about losing genetic diversity as a result of decades of breeding has been expressed by soybean researchers. In order to develop new cultivars, it is critical for breeders to understand the genetic variability present for traits of interest in their program germplasm. Sucrose concentration is becoming an increasingly important trait for the production of soy-food products. The objective of this study was to use a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify putative QTL for sucrose concentration in soybean seed. A GWAS panel consisting of 266 historic and current soybean accessions was genotyped with 76k genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) SNP data and phenotyped in four field locations in Ontario (Canada) from 2015 to 2017. Seven putative QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 14. A key gene related to sucrose synthase (Glyma.06g182700) was found to be associated with the QTL found on chromosome 6. This information will facilitate efforts to increase the available genetic variability for sucrose concentration in soybean breeding programs and develop new and improved high-sucrose soybean cultivars suitable for the soy-food industry.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISMS IN SHEEP AND THEIR POTENTIAL USE FOR PATERNITY TESTS

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
Luiz Ernani Henkes ◽  
Tania de Azevedo Weimer ◽  
José Carlos Ferrugem de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Biochemical Polymorphisms ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Paternity Tests ◽  
Potential Use

The genetic variability of 22 protein loci was investigated in two sheep flocks: 22 females Romney Marsh and 124 animals derived from crossbreeding between Romney Marsh and Merino Booroola, reared by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária -EMBRAPA, Bagé, RS, Brazil). Eight loci were polymorphic; the others showed no variation. The usefulness of the eight plymorphic systems (Cat, DIA I, EP-1, EsA, HbB, ME, Tf, and X Prot.) in parentage tests was analyzed. The probability to find two random identical animals in each breed was estimated as 1:1000. The efficiency of these proteins for exclusion of one of two possible sires in parentage tests was about 77% both for Romney Marsh and Romney/ Booroola flocks. Although parentage tests in sheep have not been enforced in Brazil up to now, the establishment of this technique is important for the prevention of non-paternity on the excellent rams.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA UTILIZANDO DESCRITORES MORFOLÓGICOS PARA ACESSOS DE Capsicum spp. PARA FINS ORNAMENTAIS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Petterson Baptista da Luz ◽  
Alessandro Aparecido Brito dos Santos ◽  
Valdete Campos Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Biometric Templates

O mercado de pimentas para fins ornamentais é um setor recém explorado, mas com grande potencial de crescimento no ramo de floricultura e paisagismo. As pimenteiras que possuem folhagem variegada, porte baixo, frutos com coloração variada em seus diferentes estádios de maturação, contrastando com as folhagens, já são utilizadas como plantas ornamentais, cultivadas e comercializadas em vasos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade genética visando o potencial ornamental de acessos de Capsicum spp. através de modelos biométricos. Foram utilizados 55 acessos de Capsicum spp, e a caracterização morfoagronômica dos acessos foi realizada avaliando diferentes partes da planta. O terceiro par de correlações canônicas, com correlação de 0,51, associa plantas com área do dossel compacto-densa, com menor comprimento e largura de dossel e de pequeno porte, associado com folhagens estreitas e de pecíolo grande. Esta associação é vantajosa para ornamentação. Ficou evidenciada a presença de variabilidade genética na população, o que é bastante favorável ao melhoramento na medida em que a heterogeneidade genética possibilita a obtenção de ganhos por meio de seleção.Palavras-chave: pimenta; modelos biométricos; correlações canônicas; análise de trilha. GENETIC VARIABILITY FOCUSED ON ORNAMENTAL POTENTIAL OF A Capsicum spp. ACCESSION ABSTRACT: Pepper market for ornamental purposes is recently exploited; however, it has a great growth potential in floriculture and landscaping. Pepper with variegated foliage, small size, and varied fruit coloration at different ripening stages contrasting with leaves have already been used as ornamental plants cultivated and purchased as potted plants. This study aimed to evaluate genetic variability of Capsicum spp. focusing on its ornamental potential by means of biometric templates. Fifty-five Capsicum spp. accessions were used and a morpho-agronomic characterization of the accessions were performed by evaluating different plant parts. The third canonical correlations are 0.51 and it associates compact-dense, small, shorter length and width canopy plants with narrow foliage and large petiole, which is advantageous for ornamentation. Genetic variation was evidenced in the population being very favorable for plant breeding programs once genetic heterogeneity enables obtaining gains through selections.Keywords: pepper; biometric templates; canonic correlations; trail analysis.

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