The genetic diversity of the Vigna angularis complex in Asia

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Xiao Zong ◽  
Akito Kaga ◽  
Norihiko Tomooka ◽  
Xin Wang Wang ◽  
Ouk Kyu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Northeast Asian

A selected set of accessions of components of the azuki bean (Vigna angularis) complex comprising 123 cultivated accessions and 23 wild or weedy accessions from Bhutan, China (including Taiwan), India, Japan, Korea, and Nepal was analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology. Using 12 AFLP primer pairs, 580 unambiguous bands were generated, 313 (53.9%) of which were polymorphic among azuki bean accessions. All 580 bands were used to assess phenotypic (band) and genetic (nucleotide) diversity among the 146 azuki bean accessions. The results indicate five major groups of azuki bean germplasm primarily associated with geographic origin of accessions and their status: wild, weedy, or cultivated. These five groups are (i) Himalayan wild, (ii) Nepal–Bhutan cultivated, (iii) Chinese wild, (iv) Taiwan wild – Bhutan cultivated, and (v) northeast Asian accessions. Within the northeast Asian accessions, three subgroups are present. These consist of (v1) Japanese complex – Korean cultivated, (v2) Japanese cultivated, and (v3) Chinese cultivated accessions. The results suggest domestication of azuki bean occurred at least twice, once in the Himalayan region of southern Asia and once in northeast Asia. The remarkable diversity of azuki bean germplasm in the Himalayan region compared with other regions suggests this is a rich source of germplasm for plant breeding. The results suggest there are important gaps in the germplasm collections of azuki bean and its close relatives from various parts of Asia and that specific collecting missions for Vigna germplasm related to azuki bean in the highlands of subtropical Asia are needed.Key words: AFLP markers, Asia, azuki bean, conservation, legume.

Genetic diversity of the azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) gene pool as assessed by SSR markers

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. X. Xu ◽  
T. Jing ◽  
N. Tomooka ◽  
A. Kaga ◽  
T. Isemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Azuki Bean ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
River Region ◽  
Northeast Asian

To facilitate the wider use of genetic resources including newly collected cultivated and wild azuki bean germplasm, the genetic diversity of the azuki bean complex, based on 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, was evaluated and a core collection was developed using 616 accessions originating from 8 Asian countries. Wild germplasm from Japan was highly diverse and represented much of the allelic variation found in cultivated germplasm. The SSR results together with recent archaeobotanical evidence support the view that Japan is one center of domestication of azuki bean, at least for the northeast Asian azuki bean. Cultivated azuki beans from China, Korea, and Japan were the most diverse and were genetically distinct from each other, suggesting a long and relatively isolated history of cultivation in each country. Cultivated azuki beans from eastern Nepal and Bhutan were similar to each other and quite distinct from others. For two primers, most eastern Nepalese and Bhutanese cultivated accessions had null alleles. In addition, wild accessions from the Yangtze River region of China and the Himalayan region had a null allele for one or the other of these primers. Whether the distinct diversity of azuki bean in the Himalayan region is due to introgression or separate domestication events requires further study. In contrast, western Nepalese azuki beans showed an SSR profile similar to that of Chinese azuki beans. The genetic distinctness of cultivated azuki beans from Vietnam has been revealed for the first time. The specific alleles indicate that Vietnamese azuki beans have been cultivated in isolation from Chinese azuki beans for a long time. Wild germplasm from the Himalayan region showed the highest level of variation. Based on the results, Himalayan germplasm could be considered a novel gene source for azuki bean breeding. A comparison with mungbean SSR analysis revealed that the mean gene diversity of cultivated azuki bean (0.74) was much higher than that of cultivated mungbean (0.41). The reduction in gene diversity due to domestication, the domestication bottleneck, in azuki bean is not strong compared with that in mungbean.

Experiences in the Blue Economy Development of Northeast Asia Countries in the Context of Industrial Revolution 4.0 – Implication for Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2167-2175
Author(s):  
Dr. Pham Ngoc Tram Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
National Development ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Marine Economy ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Northeast Asian

In the 21st century, in addition to the growing population and the depletion of land-based mineral and energy resources, the development of coastal economic sectors has become a new global concern.  Therefore, all marine countries in the world consider the development and use of marine resources an essential part of their national development strategy. The marine economy gradually stimulates competition among nations. This article is based on the synthesis of documents to learn and analyze experiences of coastal development in some Northeast Asian countries in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. From there, draw reference lessons for Vietnam.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Genotyping of Streptococcus pyogenesSerotype M1 Isolates by Fluorescent Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1948-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meeta Desai ◽  
Androulla Efstratiou ◽  
Robert George ◽  
John Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
High Discriminatory Power ◽  
Typing Methods

We have used fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) analysis to subtype clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1. Established typing methods define most M1 isolates as members of a clone that has a worldwide distribution and that is strongly associated with invasive diseases. FAFLP analysis simultaneously sampled 90 to 120 loci throughout the M1 genome. Its discriminatory power, precision, and reproducibility were compared with those of other molecular typing methods. Irrespective of disease symptomatology or geographic origin, the majority of the clinical M1 isolates shared a single ribotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis macrorestriction profile, and emm1 gene sequence. Nonetheless, among these isolates, FAFLP analysis could differentiate 17 distinct profiles, including seven multi-isolate groups. The FAFLP profiles of M1 isolates reproducibly exhibited between 1 and more than 20 amplified fragment differences. The high discriminatory power of genotyping by FAFLP analysis revealed genetic microheterogeneity and differentiated otherwise “identical” M1 isolates as members of a clone complex.

Language dispersals and the “Secondary Peoples’ Revolution”

2020 ◽  
pp. 806-814
Author(s):  
Mark James Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
State Control ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
The Bronze Age

Population growth and demic diffusion help explain the early Neolithic expansions of agriculture and Transeurasian languages in Northeast Asia. By the Bronze Age, alluvial agrarian states had come to possess considerable political and economic dominance over their subjects in the civilizational centers of Eurasia. At the same time, however, Bronze Age economies offered new opportunities for trade and secondary expansion into areas outside state control. This chapter argues that the resulting population movements—here termed the “secondary peoples’ revolution”—were of great significance in the post-Neolithic dispersals of Transeurasian languages. Four examples are briefly discussed: steppe nomadic pastoralism, Sakha horse and cattle husbandry, northeast Asian hunter-gatherers, and agriculture associated with trade/piracy networks in the Ryukyu Islands.

Substantive Provisions of the East Asian Trilateral Investment Agreement and their Implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-242
Author(s):  
Won-Mog Choi
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
Regulatory Actions

The Korea–China–Japan Investment Promotion, Facilitation and Protection Agreement is the first treaty in the economic field that binds the three Northeast Asian countries together under a single legal instrument. The existence of effective dispute settlement procedures under the treaty will contribute to the creation of a favourable investment climate in the host country. Nevertheless, there have been fears about frivolous or vexatious claims that could inhibit legitimate regulatory actions by governments. How to compose an investment chapter of the Korea–China–Japan FTA that is being negotiated is a pressing demand for all in the region. Any pertinent answers to such a quest require a thorough comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of any development of relevant rules and governance. In the end, a quest for better international investment governance in Northeast Asia in the future requires sound evaluation of lessons from the past and present.

scholarly journals Northeast Asian Dust Transport: A Case Study of a Dust Storm Event from 28 March to 2 April 2012

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purevsuren Tsedendamba ◽  
Jugder Dulam ◽  
Kenji Baba ◽  
Katsuro Hagiwara ◽  
Jun Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The distribution and transport of windblown dust that occurred in Northeast Asia from 28 March to 2 April 2012 was investigated. Data of particulate matter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) near the surface and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) measurements from the ground up to 18 km were used in the study. A severe dust event originated over southern Mongolia and northern China on 28 March 2012, and the widespread dust moved from the source area southeastward toward Japan over several days. Windblown dust reached Japan after two days from the originating area. LiDAR measurements of the vertical distribution of the dust were one to two km thick in the lower layer of the atmosphere, and increased with the increasing distance from the source area.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon and Archaeology in Japan and Korea: What has Changed Because of the Yayoi Dating Controversy?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin'ya Shoda
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Northeast Asian

Since the sensational 2003 announcement that pushed the start of the Yayoi period back by 500 yr, archaeologists working on 1st millennium BC material from northeast Asia have had to switch from the older short chronology to a new long chronology. However, this change need not apply to the entire northeast Asian region as China's chronology is tied to written records. The timeline of the Korean peninsula, intermediate between the Chinese and Japanese ones, needs to be reexamined. The chronology of the 1st millennium BC in the Korean peninsula is still in dispute, in part because many of the radiocarbon dates lack clear archaeological contexts. This paper shows that a reliable typological relationship observed in archaeological materials existed at this time linking northeast Asia from China to Japan. This paper includes absolute dates based on the initial AMS 14C measurements of charred crops from South Korean sites.

Role of Abnormally Enhanced MJO over the Western Pacific in the Formation and Subseasonal Predictability of the Record-Breaking Northeast Asian Heatwave in the Summer of 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 3333-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Yitian Qian ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Hiroyuki Murakami ◽  
Yingxia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Western Pacific

AbstractIn the summer of 2018, Northeast Asia experienced a heatwave event that broke the existing high-temperature records in several locations in Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China. At the same time, an unusually strong Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was observed to stay over the western Pacific warm pool. Based on reanalysis diagnosis, numerical experiments, and assessments of real-time forecast data from two subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) models, we discovered the importance of the western Pacific MJO in the generation of this heatwave event, as well as its predictability at the subseasonal time scale. During the prolonged extreme heat period (11 July–14 August), a high pressure anomaly with variability at the intraseasonal (30–90 days) time scale appeared over Northeast Asia, causing persistent adiabatic heating and clear skies in this region. As shown in the composites of MJO-related convection and circulation anomalies, the occurrence of this 30–90-day high anomaly over Northeast Asia was linked with an anomalous wave train induced by tropical heating associated with the western tropical Pacific MJO. The impact of the MJO on the heatwave was further confirmed by sensitivity experiments with a coupled GCM. As the western Pacific MJO-related components were removed by nudging prognostic variables over the tropics toward their annual cycle and longer time scales (>90 days) in the coupled GCM, the anomalous wave train along the East Asian coast disappeared and the surface air temperature in Northeast Asia lowered. The MJO over the western Pacific warm pool also influenced the predictability of the extratropical heatwave. Our assessments of two S2S models’ real-time forecasts suggest that the extremity of this Northeast Asian heatwave can be better predicted 1–4 weeks in advance if the enhancement of MJO convection over the western Pacific warm pool is predicted well.

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