Characterization of six wheat × Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives by GISH, RFLP, and multicolor GISH

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
F P Han ◽  
G Fedak ◽  
A Benabdelmouna ◽  
K Armstrong ◽  
T Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) are useful tools to precisely characterize genetic stocks derived from crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Thinopyrum intermedium and Thinopyrum elongatum. The wheat × Th. intermedium derived stocks designated Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6 were initially screened by multicolor GISH using Aegilops speltoides genomic DNA for blocking and various combinations of genomic DNA from Th. intermedium, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii for probes. The probing (GISH) results indicated that lines Z1 and Z3 were alien disomic addition lines with chromosome numbers of 2n = 44. Z2 was a substitution line in which chromosome 2D was substituted by a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes; this was confirmed by RFLP and muticolour GISH. Z4 (2n = 44) contained two pairs of wheat – Th. intermedium translocated chromosomes; one pair involved A-genome chromosomes, the other involved D- and A-genome chromosomes. Z5 (2n = 44) contained one pair of wheat – Th. intermedium translocated chromosomes involving the D- and A-genome chromosomes of wheat. Z6 (2n = 44) contained one pair of chromosomes derived from Th. intermedium plus another pair of translocated chromosomes involving B-genome chromosomes of wheat. Line Z2 was of special interest because it has some resistance to infection by Fusarium graminearum.Key words: wheat, Thinopyrum intermedium, addition, substitution, and translocation lines, GISH, multicolor GISH, RFLP.

Phylogenetic analysis of C, M, N, and U genomes and their relationships with Triticum and other related genomes as revealed by LMW-GS genes at Glu-3 loci

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunli Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Xiaozheng Wang ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Study Support

Phylogenetic relationships between the C, U, N, and M genomes of Aegilops species and the genomes of common wheat and other related species were investigated by using three types of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes at Glu-3 loci. A total of 20 LMW-GS genes from Aegilops and Triticum species were isolated, including 11 LMW-m type and 9 LMW-i type genes. Particularly, four LMW-m type and three LMW-i type subunits encoded by the genes on the C, N, and U genomes possessed an extra cysteine residue at conserved positions, which could provide useful information for understanding phylogenetic relationships among Aegilops and Triticum genomes. Phylogenetic trees constructed by using either LMW-i or the combination of LMW-m and LMW-s, as well as analysis of all the three types of LMW-GS genes together, demonstrated that the C and U genomes were closely related to the A genome, whereas the N and M genomes were closely related to the D genome. Our results support previous findings that the A genome was derived from Triticum uratu, the B genome was from Aegilops speltoides, and the D genome was from Aegilops tauschii. In addition, phylogenetic relationships among different genomes analysed in this study support the concept that Aegilops is not monophyletic.

Biochemical data bearing on the origin of the B genome in the polyploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira ◽  
B. L. Jones ◽  
G. L. Lookhart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Aegilops Sharonensis ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Donors

For many years each of the species Aegilops bicornis, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops sharonensis, Aegilops speltoides, and Triticum urartu has been implicated as the donor of the B genome in the polyploid wheats. Biochemical and cytological data have revealed that T. urartu possesses a genome similar to that of T. monococcum, and therefore it may be the source of the A genome in T. turgidum and T. aestivum. This revelation therefore excludes T. urartu from the list of putative B-genome donors. To determine which of the remaining species is the source of the B chromosome set, the amino acid sequences of their purothionins were compared with that of the α1 purothionin coded for by the Pur-1B gene on chromosome 1 in the B genome of T. turgidum and T. aestivum. The residue sequences of this protein from Ae. bicornis, Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, Ae. sharonensis, and Ae. speltoides differed by 1, 6, 1, 1, and 2 amino acid substitutions, respectively, from the α1 protein. These results suggest that either Ae. bicornis, Ae. searsii, or Ae. sharonensis was the most likely donor of the B genome. If the B genome in the polyploid wheats is monophyletic in origin, the collective findings of this and other investigations indicate that Ae. searsii is the most likely donor. The possibility that the B genome in the polyploid wheats could have a polyphyletic origin is also discussed.Key words: polyploid wheats, putative B-genome donors, purothionins, monophyletic, polyphyletic.

A direct repeat sequence associated with the centromeric retrotransposons in wheat

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Ito ◽  
Shuhei Nasuda ◽  
Takashi R Endo
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
A Genome

A high-density BAC filter of Triticum monococcum was screened for the presence of a centromeric retrotransposon using the integrase region as a probe. Southern hybridization to the BAC digests using total genomic DNA probes of Triticum monococcum, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare detected differentially hybridizing restriction fragments between wheat and barley. The fragments that hybridized to genomic DNA of wheat but not to that of barley were subcloned. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that the clone pHind258 hybridized strongly to centromeric regions in wheat and rye and weakly to those in barley. The sequence of pHind258 was homologous to integrase and long terminal repeats of centromeric Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons of cereal species. Additionally, pHind258 has a pair of 192-bp direct repeats. FISH analysis indicated that the 192-bp repeat probe hybridized to centromeres of wheat and rye but not to those of barley. We found differential FISH signal intensities among wheat chromosomes using the 192-bp probe. In general, the A-genome chromosomes possess strong FISH signals, the B-genome chromosomes possess moderate signals, and the D-genome chromosomes possess weak signals. This was consistent with the estimated copy numbers of the 192-bp repeats in the ancestral species of hexaploid wheat.Key words: centromere, Ty3-gypsy retrotransposon, FISH, wheat, repetitive element.

Phylogeny and expression of paralogous and orthologous sulphate transporter genes in diploid and hexaploid wheats

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Buchner ◽  
Ian M Prosser ◽  
Malcolm J Hawkesford
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Genome Phylogeny

Twelve genes encoding two closely related subtypes (ST1.1a and ST1.1b) of a sulphate transporter have been identified in the diploid wheats Aegilops tauschii, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops speltoides, as well as the hexaploid Triticum aestivum. Based on phylogenetic comparisons with other plant sulphate transporters, the ST1.1a and 1.1b subtypes aligned with group 1 of the plant sulphate transporter gene family. The exon–intron structure was conserved within the ST1.1a or ST1.1b genes; however, substantial variability in intron sequences existed between the two types. The high overall sequence similarity indicated that ST1.1b represented a duplication of the ST1.1a gene, which must have occurred before the evolution of the ancestral diploid wheat progenitor. In contrast with the close relationship of the T. urartu and Ae. tauschii sequences to the corresponding A and D genome sequences of T. aestivum, the divergence between the Ae. speltoides sequences and the B genome sequences suggested that the B genome ST1.1a gene has been modified by recombination. Transcript analysis revealed predominant expression of the ST1.1a type and an influence of sulphur availability on the level of expression.Key words: genome, phylogeny, progenitor, sulphate transport, wheat.

PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES IN TRITICINAE STUDIED BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Dass
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography was used to assess the phylogenetic affinities in Triticinae. Leaf phenolics of Aegilops speltoides, Ae. bicornis, Ae. squarrosa, Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum and T. aestivum ssp. spelta were screened on cellulose coated plates. The chromatographic data were analysed statistically and a similarity index (biochemical distance) calculated. This index corresponded most closely with conventional concepts of affinities. T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccum were found to be closer to Ae. bicornis than to Ae. speltoides which suggests that Ae. bicornis is more probably the B genome donor. The contribution of the D genome by Ae. squarrosa was further confirmed. Correlation between the two tetraploids T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccum as well as with T. aestivum was high. Among the Aegilops species studied, Ae. speltoides most closely resembled T. monococcum. Low affinity in terms of the biochemical distance of T. monococcum with emmer wheats and T. aestivum throws doubt upon its direct contribution of the A genome.

Powdery mildew resistance in some new wheat amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42) derived from A- and S-genome diploid progenitors

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khola Rafique ◽  
Awais Rasheed ◽  
Alvina Gul Kazi ◽  
Hadi Bux ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Germplasm Screening ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

Triticum urartu possesses the Au genome common to bread wheat. Similarly, Triticum monococcum contains the Am genome, which is closely related to the A-genome donor of bread wheat. Aegilops speltoides of the Sitopsis section has the S genome, which is most similar to the B genome of bread and durum wheat when compared with all other wild grasses. Amphiploids developed through bridge crossing between Am/Au and S-genome diploid resources and elite durum cultivars demonstrate enormous diversity to improve both bread and durum wheat cultivars. We evaluated such A-genome amphiploids (Triticum turgidum × T. urartu and T. turgidum × T. monococcum, 2n = 6x = 42; BBAAAmAm/AuAu) and S-genome amphiploids (T. turgidum × Ae. speltoides, 2n = 6x = 42; AABBSS) along with their durum parents (AABB) for their resistance to powdery mildew (PM) at the seedling stage. The results indicated that 104 accessions (53.6%) of A-genome amphiploids (AABBAmAm/AuAu) were resistant to PM at the seedling stage. Of their 24 durum parents, five (20.83%) were resistant to PM and 16 (66.6%) were moderately tolerant. Similarly, ten (50%) accessions of S-genome amphiploids (BBAASS) possessed seedling PM resistance, suggesting a valuable source of major resistance genes. PM screening of the amphiploids and parental durum lines showed that resistance was contributed either by the diploid progenitors or durum parents, or both. We also observed the suppression of resistance in several cases; for example, resistance in durum wheat was suppressed in respective amphiploids. The results from this germplasm screening will facilitate their utilization to genetically control PM and widen the genetic base of wheat.

Genome-wide Identification, Expression, Characteristics of the Prolamin Superfamily in Thinopyrum Elongatum and Its Kneading Performance in Common Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Shoushen Xu ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
Lingrang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Glutenin Subunit ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Dough Rheological Properties ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

Abstract Background: Prolamins, unique to Gramineae (grasses), play a key role in the human diet. Thinopyrum elongatum (also known as tall wheatgrass, rush wheatgrass, or Eurasian quackgrass) of Elytrigia is genetically well-characterized, but little is known about its prolamin genes and the relationships with homologous loci in the Triticum genus.Results: In this study, a total of 19 α-gliadin, 9 γ-gliadin, 19 ω-gliadin, 2 high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS), and 5 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes in the Th. elongatum genome were annotated. The transcriptome data of Th. elongatum exhibited differential expression in quantity and pattern in the same subfamily or different subfamilies. In addition, microsynteny and phylogenetic analysis revealed dynamic changes of prolamin gene region and genetic affinities among Th. elongatum, T. aestivum, T. urartu, and Aegilops tauschii. The E genome, like the B genome, only contained DQ8-glia-α1/DQ8.5-glia-α1, which provided a theoretical basis for the study of celiac disease (CD). Dough rheological properties of T. aestivum-Th. elongatum disomic substitution (DS) lines 1E(1A), 1E(1D), and 3E(3A) showed much higher peak height values than that of their parent.Conclusions: Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the prolamin gene superfamily in Th. elongatum, and suggests a promising use of this species in the generation of improved wheat breeds intended for the human diet.

Identification of repetitive, genome-specific probes in crucifer oilseed species

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl J Somers ◽  
Goewin Demmon
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Minisatellite Dna ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Direct Amplification

Direct amplification of minisatellite DNA by PCR (DAMD PCR) was used to amplify and subsequently clone several fragments of DNA from crucifer species. The PCR-derived fragments of DNA were generated using known minisatellite core sequences as PCR primers. Southern hybridization of these putative minisatellite DNA fragments revealed that many were genome-specific; they hybridized with high affinity only to the genomic DNA of the species from which they were cloned. The DNA fragments were believed to be dispersed in the genome, based on smear-like hybridization signals on EcoRI-, BamHI-, and HindIII-digested genomic DNA. Genome-specific probes were specifically isolated from Brassica rapa (A genome), Brassica nigra (B genome), and Sinapis alba in addition to several other crucifer species. The sequence of a B. rapa specific probe (pBr17.1.3A) contained a minisatellite region that could be divided into three tandem repeats; each repeat contained between two and five subrepeats and each subrepeat shared a highly conserved core region of 29 bp. This minisatellite sequence also hybridized with high affinity to the A genome species B. napus and B. juncea. This research showed that dispersed, genome-specific probes can be isolated using DAMD PCR and that these probes could be used to detect and quantify alien DNA present in progeny from intergeneric or interspecific crosses.Key words: Brassica, genome specific, marker-assisted selection, minisatellite.

The phylogeny of the polyploid wheats Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Triticum turgidum (macaroni wheat)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Donors

The phylogeny of the polyploid wheats has been the subject of intense research and speculation during the past 70 years. Various experimental approaches have been employed to ascertain the diploid progenitors of these wheats. The species having donated the D genome to Triticum aestivum has been unequivocally identified as Aegilops squarrosa. On the basis of evidence from many studies, Triticum monococcum has been implicated as the source of the A genome in both Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. However, numerous studies since 1968 have shown that Triticum urartu is very closely related to Triticum monococcum and that it also carries the A genome. These studies have prompted the speculation that Triticum urartu may be the donor of this chromosome set to the polyploid wheats. The donor of the B genome to Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum remains equivocal and controversial. Six different diploid species have been implicated as putative B genome donors: Aegilops bicornis, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops sharonensis, Aegilops speltoides, and Triticum urartu. Until recently, evidence presented by different researchers had not permitted an unequivocal identification of the progenitor of the B genome in polyploid wheats. Recent studies, involving all diploid and polyploid wheats and putative B genome donors, lead to the conclusion that Aegilops speltoides and Triticum urartu can be excluded as B genome donors and that Aegilops searsii is the most likely source of this chromosome set. The possibility of the B genome having arisen from an AAAA autotetraploid or having a polyphyletic origin is discussed. Key words: phylogeny; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum; A, B, and D genomes.

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