Mapping the SRY gene in Microtus cabrerae: a vole species with multiple SRY copies in males and females

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fernández ◽  
María José L Barragán ◽  
Mónica Bullejos ◽  
Juan Alberto Marchal ◽  
Sergio Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Heterochromatic Region ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Microtus Cabrerae ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Vole Species ◽  
Males And Females

The SRY gene is a single-copy, male-specific gene, located on the Y chromosome in most mammals. However, recently we have described the presence of multiple polymorphic copies of this gene in both males and females of the vole species Microtus cabrerae. Here, we present the chromosomal localization of SRY gene copies in this species by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This technique localized these gene copies in the short arm, and hence in the euchromatic region, of the Y chromosome. Furthermore, several copies of the SRY gene are located on the X chromosome. These copies are spread along the entire heterochromatic region of the X chromosome, occupying the whole short arm, the centromeric region, and the pericentromeric region of the long arm.Key words: FISH mapping, Micotus cabrerae, SRY gene, X chromosome, Y chromosome.

Anatomy and chromosomes of two intersexual dasyurid marsupials

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Woolley ◽  
N. Guedelha ◽  
J. A. M. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Side ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Male Side

The intersexual phenotypes of marsupials with XXY and XO chromosome constitutions imply that not all sexual dimorphisms are under the control of testicular hormones and, ultimately, the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. It has been hypothesised that there is a gene on the X chromosome that determines whether either a scrotum will form (one copy of the gene) or a pouch with teats (two copies of the gene). Here, we describe the anatomy and chromosomes of two intersexual dasyurid marsupials. One, a Dasyuroides byrnei, had a pouch, but the reproductive tract was essentially male. The other, a Sminthopsis douglasi, had a hemipouch and a hemiscrotum and the reproductive tract was essentially female. The S. douglasi was a mosaic for cells with an apparently normal 2n = 14, XX female karyotype and cells with 2n = 14 plus (usually) two dot-like supernumerary elements 2n = 14, XX + 2B. The D. byrnei cells examined also had a 2n = 14, XX + 2B karyotype. In fibroblasts from the male and female sides of the S. douglasi, it was possible to assign the 2n = 14, XX karyotype to the male side and the 2n = 14, XX + 2B to the female side.

scholarly journals Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Jaquiery ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Stephanie Robin ◽  
Gautier Richard ◽  
Jean Peccoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cyclical Parthenogenesis ◽  
Sexual Conflicts ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Open Question

Males and females share essentially the same genome but differ in their optimal values for many phenotypic traits, which can result in intra-locus conflict between the sexes. Aphids display XX/X0 sex chromosomes and combine unusual X chromosome inheritance with cyclical parthenogenesis. Theoretical and empirical works support the hypothesis that the large excess of male-biased genes observed on the aphid X chromosome compared to autosomes has evolved in response to sexual conflicts, by restricting the product of a sexually antagonistic allele to the sex it benefits. However, whether such masculinization of the X affects all tissues (as expected if it evolved in response to sexual conflicts) or reflects tissue specificities (which would contradict the sexual conflict hypothesis) remains an open question. To address it, we measured gene expression in different somatic and gonadic tissues of males, sexual females and parthenogenetic females of the pea aphid. We observed a masculinization of the X at the tissue-level, with male-biased genes being 2.5 to 3.5 more frequent on the X than expected. We also tested the hypothesis that gene duplication can facilitate the attenuation of conflicts by allowing gene copies to neo- or sub-functionalize and reach sex-specific optima. As predicted, X-linked copies of duplicated genes having their other copies on autosomes were more frequently male-biased (40.5% of the genes) than duplicated autosomal genes (6.6%) or X-linked single-copy genes (32.5%). These results highlight a peculiar pattern of expression of X-linked genes in aphids at the tissue level and provides further support for sex-biased expression as a mechanism to attenuate intra-locus sexual conflicts.

CHROMOSOMES OF THE MEXICAN PLATEAU MOUSE, PEROMYSCUS MELANOPHRYS, AND A NEW SEX DETERMINING MECHANISM IN MAMMALS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl G. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Chromosomal Difference ◽  
Males And Females

A chromosomal analysis of 86 specimens of Peromyscus melanophrys reveals a unique type of chromosomal difference between males and females Females possess three large pairs of subtelocentric autosomes, two pairs of small submetacentric autosomes, and 18 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosomes are also subtelocentric. Males possess a similar karyotype with a subtelocentric X chromosome, a minute Y chromosome, and two unmatched autosomes, a large subtelocentric and a large acrocentric. Both sexes have a diploid number of 48. Studies from meiosis and autoradiography indicate that a portion of the original Y chromosome has been translocated to an autosome resulting in a new multiple sex determining mechanism in mammals, an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y1Y2 system.

Ordering of Y-specific sequences by deletion mapping and analysis of X–Y interchange males and females

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
M. A. Ferguson-Smith ◽  
N. A. Affara ◽  
R. E. Magenis
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Specific Sequences

We have used DNA from 23 patients with Y-chromosome aberrations and 25 patients with presumptive X–Y interchange to map 39 Yp restriction fragments and 37 Yq restriction fragments. In the majority of patients the results are consistent with a standard contiguous order of sequences along the Y chromosome. In 6 of 26 patients (23 %) with Yp aberrations and 2 of 17 (12 %) with Yq aberrations, exceptions to the consensus order have been observed. These can be accommodated by postulating the presence of inversion polymorphisms. Such variation may occur more commonly on the nonpairing part of the Y chromosome that in other chromosomes owing to the absence of homologous synapsis and recombination in male meiosis. The Y sequence most frequently present in X–Y interchange males was that recognized by GMGY3. 18 of 19 X–Y interchange males had this sequence suggesting that it is the nearest in the series to the TDF locus, and indicating that the latter maps to the distal end of Yp. Several techniques, including in situ hybridization and DNA measurement by flow cytometry, have been used to demonstrate that in X–Y interchange males there is transfer of Y sequences to the distal end of the X chromosome; no mechanism other than X–Y interchange has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals HETEROCHROMATIC EFFECTS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF REVERSED ACROCENTRIC COMPOUND-X CHROMOSOMES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-551
Author(s):  
L Sandler ◽  
Joseph O'Tousa
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Heterochromatic Region ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Single Exchange

ABSTRACT Previous studies of reversed acrocentric compound-X chromosomes suggested peculiar influences of heterochromatin on both the synthesis and meiotic behavior of such compounds. It seemed, with respect to synthesis, that the long arm of the Y chromosome on an X.YL chromosome was necessary in order for the heterochromatic exchange giving rise to reversed acrocentrics to occur, even though YL itself did not participate in the compound-generating event. With respect to behavior, the resulting compounds appeared, presumably as a consequence of their singular generation, to contain an interstitial heterochromatic region that caused the distribution of exchanges between the elements of the compound to be abnormal (many zero and two-exchange tetrads with few, if any, single-exchange tetrads). Removing the interstitial heterochromatin (or, curiously, appending YL as a second arm of the compound) eliminated the recombinational anomalies and resulted in typical tetrad distributions.—We provide evidence that these peculiarities, while presumably real, were likely the consequence of a special X.YL chromosome that was used to synthesize the reversed acrocentrics examined in the early studies and are not general properties of either reversed acrocentric compounds or of interstitial heterochromatin. However, we show that specific heterochromatic regions do, in fact, profoundly influence the behavior of (apparently all) reversed acrocentric compound-X chromosomes. In particular, we demonstrate that specific portions of the Y chromosome and of the basal X-chromosome heterochromatin, when present as homologs for reversed acrocentric compounds, markedly and coordinately increase bath the frequency of exchange between the elements of the compound and the fertility (egg production) of compound-bearing females. It is, we suppose, some aspect of this heterochromatic effect, produced by the% special X.YL chromosome, that caused the earlier-analyzed compounds to exhibit the observed anomalies.

Evolution of a Y Chromosome from an X Chromosome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Bergero ◽  
Jim Gardner ◽  
Deborah Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome

Localization of the gene for Wieacker-Wolff syndrome in the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome

1997 ◽  
Vol 100 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-U. Kloos ◽  
S. Jakubiczka ◽  
T. Wienker ◽  
G. Wolff ◽  
P. Wieacker
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pericentromeric Region

scholarly journals Recombination between the mouse Y chromosome short arm and an additional Y short arm-derived chromosomal segment attached distal to the X chromosome PAR

Chromosoma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Fanny Decarpentrie ◽  
Obah A. Ojarikre ◽  
Michael J. Mitchell ◽  
Paul S. Burgoyne
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Segment
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