Molecular characterization of a Thinopyrum intermedium Group 2 chromosome (2Ai-2) conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Y Zhang ◽  
Z Y Xin ◽  
P J Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The wheat – Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines Z1 and Z2 carry 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and one pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes (2Ai-2) conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). GISH results using the genomic DNA of Pseudoroegneria strigosa (S genome) as the probe indicated that the 2Ai-2 chromosome in Z1 and Z2 is an S–J intercalary translocation. Most of the 2Ai-2 chromosome belongs to the S genome, except for about one third in the middle region of the long arm that belongs to the J genome. The results of detailed RFLP analyses confirmed that the 2Ai-2 chromosome is extensively homoeologous to wheat group 2 chromosomes. Some new RFLP markers specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome were identified. A RAPD marker, OP-R16340, specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome, was screened. We converted the RAPD marker into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker (designated SC-R16). The study establishes the basis for selecting translocation lines with small segments of the 2Ai-2 chromosome and localizing the BYDV resistance gene when introgressed into a wheat background.Key words: Thinopyrum intermedium, barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), RFLP, SCAR, homoeologous group 2.

Disomic Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines in wheat with barley yellow dwarf virus resistance and with rust resistances

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Larkin ◽  
P. M. Banks ◽  
E. S. Lagudah ◽  
R. Appels ◽  
Chen Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Zhong 5 is a partial amphiploid (2n = 56) between Triticum aestivum (2n = 42) and Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42) carrying all the chromosomes of wheat and seven pairs of chromosomes from Th. intermedium. Following further backcrossing to wheat, six independent stable 2n = 44 lines were obtained representing 4 disomic chromosome addition lines. One chromosome confers barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, whereas two other chromosomes carry leaf and stem rust resistance; one of the latter also confers stripe rust resistance. Using RFLP and isozyme markers we have shown that the extra chromosome in the Zhong 5-derived BYDV resistant disomic addition lines (Z1, Z2, or Z6) belongs to the homoeologous group 2. It therefore carries a different locus to the BYDV resistant group 7 addition, L1, described previously. The leaf, stem, and stripe rust resistant line (Z4) carries an added group 7 chromosome. The line Z3 has neither BYDV nor rust resistance, is not a group 2 or group 7 addition, and is probably a group 1 addition. The line Z5 is leaf and stem rust resistant, is not stripe rust resistant, and its homoeology remains unknown.Key words: Agropyron, intermediate wheatgrass, leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, luteovirus.

Implementation of probes for tracing chromosome segments conferring barley yellow dwarf virus resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhang ◽  
M. Carter ◽  
S. Matsay ◽  
P. Stoutjesdijk ◽  
R. Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Chromosome Segment ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Two PCR-based assays were examined for tracing the presence of a Thinopyrum chromosome segment (Tc6 or Tc14) conferring barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance in wheat breeding lines. The microsatellite gwm37 was used to assay the Thinopyrum chromosome segment or its wheat, Group 7, homoeologous segment, and was effective in characterising breeders material since heterozygous lines could be identified. A new set of primers derived from a Thinopyrum-specific DNA segment (csTiB1) provided a dominant marker that was readily scored by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was also demonstrated that the csTiB1 primers could be used to establish a solid phase PCR assay that avoided the requirement for gel electrophoresis and was amenable to use in a high-throughput, microtitre plate format. Depending on the number of DNA samples to be assayed, both primer pairs appear to have a place in breeding programs.

Varying chromosome composition of 56-chromosome wheat × Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Banks ◽  
S. J. Xu ◽  
R. R.-C. Wang ◽  
P. J. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42) is a source of many potentially useful genes for wheat improvement. Many partial amphiploids have been produced between Th. intermedium and Triticum aestivum that are fertile and stable. These partial amphiploids all have 56 chromosomes, including seven pairs of chromosomes from Th. intermedium. To explore the genomic composition of these lines, meiotic analysis was conducted on 32 hybrid combinations between eight different partial amphiploids. All but two of the chosen parents were distinguishable on the basis of perenniality, head morphology, and reactions to leaf, stripe, and stem rusts and to barley yellow dwarf virus. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids clearly indicated that all but two of the partial amphiploids differed in their composition of Thinopyrum chromosomes. The differences varied from one to five chromosomes. This confirms molecular evidence that the extra genome of the octoploid partial amphiploids is a variable synthetic genome combining chromosomes of the three Thinopyrum genomes E, J, and X. Though the extra synthetic genomes vary widely between different octoploids, they are nevertheless stable once formed. It is argued that the failure to establish these octoploid amphiploids as a new crop is a consequence of their differing chromosome complements, which makes it impractical to interbreed them.Key words: Thinopyrum, Agropyron, agrotriticum, wheat, amphiploid, octoploid, barley yellow dwarf virus, rust.

scholarly journals Expression of Thinopyrum intermedium-Derived Barley yellow dwarf virus Resistance in Elite Bread Wheat Backgrounds

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ayala ◽  
M. van Ginkel ◽  
M. Khairallah ◽  
B. Keller ◽  
M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is not found in wheat but is available in a Thinopyrum intermedium translocation (Ti) carried on chromosome 7DL of bread wheat recombinant lines. We used one of those lines (TC14/2*Spear) to introgress the Ti into bread wheat cultivars and to determine the influence of wheat backgrounds, with and without known tolerance to BYDV, on the expression of resistance. Two single and three backcross populations, segregating for the presence of the alien fragment, were tested under field conditions and artificial inoculation with BYDV isolates MAV-Mex and PAV-Mex. Lines containing the fragment were identified using the microsatellite marker gwm37. Tillering, biomass, grain yield, thousand-kernel weight, and seed quality were evaluated in inoculated and noninoculated plots. Resistance was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In early generations, the alien fragment followed expected Mendelian segregation, whereas in the advanced ones a slight bias against its transmission was observed. No positive nor negative effects of Ti on agronomic performance and quality were found. A significant optical density reduction in individuals carrying the fragment was observed after PAV infection in crosses with lines Anza and Baviacora but not with Milan. In addition, the fragment was associated with a lower frequency of infected plants for both PAV and MAV isolates. The reduced yield loss associated with the presence of the translocation was due largely to the lower infection rate.

Comparison of Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives carrying barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in wheat

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ayala-Navarrete ◽  
E. Tourton ◽  
A. A. Mechanicos ◽  
P. J. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Resistance to both barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) has been demonstrated in wheat genetic stocks with Thinopyrum intermedium chromatin. A number of resistance-bearing translocations have been reported on chromosome arm 7DL from two independent Th. intermedium sources; one source is the addition line L1 and the other is the spontaneous substitution line P29. Another source of resistance in wheat cytogenetic stocks is available as a 2Ai(2D) substitution line. We used a set of 38 molecular markers and the available deletion stocks to compare the size of the 7DL translocations more comprehensively than has been done previously. We also compared the efficacy of BYDV resistance of the various genetic stocks both before and after transfer to a common genetic background. TC14 was confirmed as carrying the smallest translocation, replacing about 20% of the distal end of 7DL. TC5 and TC10 had 90% of the chromosome arm replaced by Th. intermedium chromatin; the proximal 10% corresponded to wheat chromatin. YW642 appeared to have the whole 7DL replaced by Th. intermedium chromatin, as confirmed by the co-dominant marker cfd68 mapping on the bin nearest the centromere. Translocation line P961341 had bins 3, 7, and 8 replaced by Th. intermedium chromatin, making this the second smallest translocation with BYDV and CYDV resistance. The translocation sizes reported here differ from some of the previous estimates. The translocated Th. intermedium segments appeared to be bigger than the replaced wheat 7DL fragments. All the resistances derived from the L1 and P29 group 7 chromosomes and the 2Ai#2 chromosome were effective in reducing the number of infected plants and the mean virus titre, regardless of the background. Some evidence is discussed suggesting the long arm of the Th. intermedium group 7 chromosome 7Ai#1 carries two resistances, the distal Bdv2 and a proximal second gene.

Identification and characterization of wheat-wheatgrass translocation lines and localization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
O R Crasta ◽  
M G Francki ◽  
D B Bucholtz ◽  
H C Sharma ◽  
J Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Alien Chromatin

Stable introgression of agronomically important traits into crop plants through wide crossing often requires the generation and identification of translocation lines. However, the low efficiency of identifying lines containing translocations is a significant limitation in utilizing valuable alien chromatin-derived traits. Selection of putative wheatgrass-wheat translocation lines based on segregation ratios of progeny from γ-irradiated seed using a standard phenotypic analysis resulted in a low 4% success rate of identifying barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistant and susceptible translocation lines. However, 58% of the susceptible progeny of this irradiated seed contained a Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome-specific repetitive sequence, which indicated that γ-irradiation-induced translocations occurred at high rate. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of susceptible lines containing alien chromatin, their resistant sister lines and other resistant lines showed that more than one third of the progeny of γ-irradiated double monosomic seeds contained wheatgrass-wheat translocations. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis of selected lines confirmed that these were wheatgrass-wheat translocation lines. This approach of initially identifying BYDV susceptible deletion lines using an alien chromosome-specific repetitive sequence followed by RFLP analysis of their resistant sister lines efficiently identified resistant translocation lines and localized the BYDV resistance to the distal end of the introgressed Th. intermedium chromosome.Key words: gene introgression, wide crosses, chromosome, repetitive elements, RFLP, Thinopyrum intermedium.

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