Segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterozygosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M WT Tanck ◽  
A P Palstra ◽  
M van de Weerd ◽  
C P Leffering ◽  
JJ van der Poel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Microsatellite Allele ◽  
Residual Heterozygosity ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Allele Segregation ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles ◽  
Chiasma Interference

Thirty-three androgenetic progeny groups of common carp were analysed using 11 microsatellite markers to (i) verify the homozygous status of the 566 androgenetic individuals, (ii) analyse the microsatellite allele segregation, and (iii) study the possible association of microsatellite alleles with phenotypic traits. In total, 92% of the androgenetic individuals proved to be homozygous at all 11 loci. Forty-three of the 47 heterozygous individuals were heterozygous at a single locus only. This heterozygosity was probably due to DNA fragments caused by UV irradiation of the eggs, although the maternal origin of the fragments could not be proved beyond doubt. Screening with 11 microsatellites also revealed two linkage groups, a segregation distortion at two microsatellite loci, and the possible association of some microsatellites with mass, length, stress-related plasma cortisol levels, and basal plasma glucose levels. The success of the linkage and association study could be explained by a low recombination frequency due to high chiasma interference. This would imply a relatively short genetic map for common carp.Key words: doubled haploids, residual heterozygosity, microsatellite allele segregation, linkage analysis, common carp.

Segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterozygosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W.T. Tanck ◽  
A.P. Palstra ◽  
M. van de Weerd ◽  
C.P. Leffering ◽  
J.J. van der Poel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Residual Heterozygosity ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles

Comparison of Several Insulin Sensitivity Indices Derived from Basal Plasma Insulin and Glucose Levels with Minimal Model Indices

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. García-Estévez ◽  
D. Araújo-Vilar ◽  
G. Fiestras-Janeiro ◽  
Á. Saavedra-González ◽  
J. Cabezas-Cerrato
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Minimal Model ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Basal Plasma

Doxepin therapy for postprandial symptomatic hypoglycaemic patients: neurochemical, hormonal and metabolic disturbances

1991 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Lechin ◽  
Bertha van der Dijs ◽  
Alex Lechin ◽  
Marcel Lechin ◽  
Eduardo Coll-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Type I ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma

1. Three oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in each of 32 symptomatic postprandial hypoglycaemic patients (before placebo, before doxepin therapy and after doxepin therapy). Plasma neurotransmitters were determined in parallel with assays of plasma insulin and glucose levels. 2. Three different types of patients were distinguished. Type I showed a low noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, high dopamine levels and low platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) levels during basal periods. After a glucose load, late peaks of dopamine and free 5-hydroxytryptamine, which coincided with the symptoms but not with the nadir of plasma glucose, were observed. Type II showed a low basal plasma noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio. After a glucose load, progressive increases in adrenaline and decreases in glucose were seen. Adrenergic symptoms coincided with the nadir of glucose. Although type III patients showed hyperinsulinaemia after a glucose load similar to the other types of patient, they did not show hyperglycaemia, but rather exhibited a sustained and progressive reduction in plasma glucose. These patients were characterized by a high basal plasma noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, high basal plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethyleneglycol and high basal levels of platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine, all of which increased after a glucose load. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreases paralleled reductions in heart rate and glucose. The nadir of plasma glucose occurred simultaneously with the appearance of symptoms (weakness, heartburn, oppressive chest pain, tension headache, abdominal cramps, dizziness, etc.). Therapy with doxepin led to disappearance of the symptoms within 3–4 weeks. Normalization of all other disordered variables (cardiovascular, metabolic and neurochemical, and the clonidine test) paralleled the disappearance of the symptoms. 3. Symptoms varied in the three types of patients and we conclude that they are related to hypoglycaemia-induced disorders of plasma neurotransmitters, rather than to hypoglycaemia per se. We postulate that an uncoping stress situation (type I and II patients) and depression (type III patients) underlie the physiopathological mechanisms.

Effects of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoceptor blockers on insulin secretion in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ahrén ◽  
Ingmar Lundquist ◽  
Johannes Järhult
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Basal Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Transient Plasma

Abstract. The effects of α- and β-adrenoceptor blockade on plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were studied in the anaesthetized rat. Infusion of the α1-adrenoceptor blocker prazocin (80 μg/min), the α2-adrenoceptor blocker yohimbine (15 μg/min) or the non-selective α-adrenoceptor blocker phentolamine (15 μg/min) during 50 min increased plasma insulin levels by about 1.5–2.5 ng/ml. The effects of phentolamine and prazosin on circulating insulin persisted throughout the infusion whereas the effect of yohimbine seemed to be more transient. Plasma glucose levels increased slightly during infusion of prazosin, but tended to decrease in response to phentolamine and yohimbine. The β-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol (15 μg/min) lowered basal plasma insulin and glucose levels. It also depressed plasma insulin during infusion of all three α-adrenoceptor blockers without any appreciable influence on plasma glucose. It is suggested that both α1- and α2-adrenoceptor as well as β-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of basal insulin secretion in the rat.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Ppy-expressing γ-cells display mixed phenotypic traits and the adaptive plasticity to engage insulin production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Perez-Frances ◽  
Léon van Gurp ◽  
Maria Valentina Abate ◽  
Valentina Cigliola ◽  
Kenichiro Furuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Islet Cell ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Islet Cell Types

AbstractThe cellular identity of pancreatic polypeptide (Ppy)-expressing γ-cells, one of the rarest pancreatic islet cell-type, remains elusive. Within islets, glucagon and somatostatin, released respectively from α- and δ-cells, modulate the secretion of insulin by β-cells. Dysregulation of insulin production raises blood glucose levels, leading to diabetes onset. Here, we present the genetic signature of human and mouse γ-cells. Using different approaches, we identified a set of genes and pathways defining their functional identity. We found that the γ-cell population is heterogeneous, with subsets of cells producing another hormone in addition to Ppy. These bihormonal cells share identity markers typical of the other islet cell-types. In mice, Ppy gene inactivation or conditional γ-cell ablation did not alter glycemia nor body weight. Interestingly, upon β-cell injury induction, γ-cells exhibited gene expression changes and some of them engaged insulin production, like α- and δ-cells. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive characterization of γ-cells and highlight their plasticity and therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Effect of oral glucose administration on ghrelin levels in obese children

2004 ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Soriano-Guillen ◽  
V Barrios ◽  
G Martos ◽  
JA Chowen ◽  
A Campos-Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Overnight Fasting

OBJECTIVE: Coexpression of GH secretagogue receptor and ghrelin in the pancreas suggests that this peptide is involved in glucose metabolism. Previous reports in adult humans have demonstrated that plasma ghrelin levels decrease after oral glucose administration. However, no data are available in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the response of plasma ghrelin levels in obese children after oral glucose administration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight obese children ranging from Tanner I to Tanner V were studied. All subjects were given 0.75 g/kg (maximum 75 g) glucose solution after overnight fasting. Ghrelin, insulin, glucose and IGF-binding-protein-1 were determined at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS: Basal plasma ghrelin levels were significantly lower than in the respective control groups. These levels decreased significantly during OGTT in obese children, reaching a nadir of 28+/-9% at 60 min in parallel with the maximum increase in glucose levels and previous to maximum insulin levels. CONCLUSION: The rapid fall in plasma ghrelin concentration in obese children after glucose load suggests a mechanism for the control of appetite after food intake.

Feeding and metabolic patterns in rats with truncular vagotomy or with transplanted beta-cells.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. E119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Louis-Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
The Relationship

The night- and daytime basal plasma insulin levels and insulin responses to an intravenous glucose load, basal blood glucose levels and rates of glucose uptake, and, finally, the diurnal patterns of blood glucose levels were investigated in normal compared to vagotomized Wistar rats. The same comparisons were made between normal and diabetic Lewis rats recovered after fetal pancreas transplantation in the kidney capsule. In an attempt to clarify the relationship between the metabolic and feeding diurnal patterns, a detailed study of the meal pattern of vagotomized and transplanted rats was performed. It was shown that 1) a truncular vagotomy abolished both the metabolic and feeding diurnal cyclicity; 2) both the metabolic and feeding diurnal rhythms were maintained in case of a selective denervation beta-cells. The relationship between the metabolic and feeding diurnal rhythms and the role of the vagus nerve are discussed.

Voluntary timing of food intake increases weight gain and reduces basal plasma cortisol levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H.M. Klaren ◽  
Stephanie C.M. van Dalen ◽  
Wim Atsma ◽  
F.A. Tom Spanings ◽  
Jasper Hendriks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Cortisol Levels
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