scholarly journals Does a carbonatite deposit influence its surrounding ecosystem?

FACETS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-406
Author(s):  
James M.C. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth A. Webb ◽  
Michael D.J. Lynch ◽  
Trevor C. Charles ◽  
Pedro M. Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Vegetation Survey ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
First Time

Carbonatites are unusual alkaline rocks with diverse compositions. Although previous work has characterized the effects these rocks have on soils and plants, little is known about their impacts on local ecosystems. Using a deposit within the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest in northern Ontario, Canada, we investigated the effect of a carbonatite on soil chemistry and on the structure of plant and soil microbial communities. This was done using a vegetation survey conducted above and around the deposit, with corresponding soil samples collected for determining soil nutrient composition and for assessing microbial community structure using 16S/ITS Illumina Mi-Seq sequencing. In some soils above the deposit a soil chemical signature of the carbonatite was found, with the most important effect being an increase in soil pH compared with the non-deposit soils. Both plants and microorganisms responded to the altered soil chemistry: the plant communities present in carbonatite-impacted soils were dominated by ruderal species, and although differences in microbial communities across the surveyed areas were not obvious, the abundances of specific bacteria and fungi were reduced in response to the carbonatite. Overall, the deposit seems to have created microenvironments of relatively basic soil in an otherwise acidic forest soil. This study demonstrates for the first time how carbonatites can alter ecosystems in situ.

scholarly journals Soil Fungal Communities Investigated by Metabarcoding within Simulated Forensic Burial Contexts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Procopio ◽  
Stefano Ghignone ◽  
Samuele Voyron ◽  
Marco Chiapello ◽  
Anna Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Biomarkers ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Pmi Estimation

Abstract Background One of the most debated questions in forensic science is the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Despite the large amount of research currently performed to improve the PMI estimation, there is still the need for additional improvements, particularly in cases of severely decomposed buried remains. A novel alternative to the morphological examination of the remains is the analysis of the soil microbial communities. Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous and can be found in the soil and in/on the corpses, and their shifts in populational compositions present at different PMIs may reveal insights for PMI estimation. Despite it already having been revealed that bacteria might be good candidates for this type of analysis, there are knowledge gaps for this type of application when dealing with fungal communities. For this reason, we performed the metabarcoding analysis of the mycobiome present in the soil after prolonged decomposition times, from one- to six-months, targeting both the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and 2, to elucidate which of the two was more suitable for this purpose. Results Our results showed a decrease in the fungal taxonomic richness associated with increasing PMIs and the presence of specific trends associated with specific PMIs, such as the increase of the Mortierellomycota taxa after four- and six-months post-mortem and of Ascomycota particularly after two months, and the decrease of Basidiomycota from the first to the last time point. We have found a limited amount of taxa specifically associated with the presence of the mammalian carcasses and not present in the control soil, showing that the overall the taxa which are contributing the most to the changes in the community originate from the soil and are not introduced by the carrion, extending the potential to perform comparisons with other experimental studies with different carrion species. Conclusions This study has been the first one conducted on gravesoil, and sets the baseline for additional studies, showing the potential to use fungal biomarkers in combination with bacterial ones to improve the accuracy of the PMI predictive model based on the shifts in the soil microbial communities.

Influence of invasive earthworms (Amynthas spp.) on Wisconsin forest soil microbial communities and soil chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 107955
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Price-Christenson ◽  
Marie R. Johnston ◽  
Bradley M. Herrick ◽  
Anthony C. Yannarell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Invasive Earthworms

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis Exploring Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Sugarcane Fields Applied with Organic Fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ruoyu Li ◽  
Ziqin Pang ◽  
Yongmei Zhou ◽  
Nyumah Fallah ◽  
Chaohua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Microbial

Organic fertilizers are critically important to soil fertility, microbial communities, and sustainable agricultural strategies. We compared the effect of two fertilizer groups (organic+chemical fertilizer: OM, chemical fertilizer: CK) on sugarcane growth, by observing the difference in microbial communities and functions, soil nutrient status, and agronomic characters of sugarcane. The results showed that the sugar content and yield of sugarcane increased significantly under organic fertilizer treatment. We believe that the increased soil nutrient status and soil microorganisms are the reasons for this phenomenon. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that the soil nutrient condition has a major impact on the soil microbial community. In comparison with CK, the species richness of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes as well as the functional abundance of nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism increased significantly in the OM field. Moreover, compared with CK, genes related to the absorption and biosynthesis of sulfate were more prominent in OM. Therefore, consecutive organic fertilizer application could be an effective method in reference to sustainable production of sugarcane.

scholarly journals Diversity of microbial communities and soil nutrients in sugarcane rhizosphere soil under water soluble fertilizer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245626
Author(s):  
Huan Niu ◽  
Ziqin Pang ◽  
Nyumah Fallah ◽  
Yongmei Zhou ◽  
Caifang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

The dynamics of soil microbial communities are important for plant health and productivity. Soil microbial communities respond differently to fertilization. Organic water soluble fertilizer is an effective soil improver, which can effectively improve soil nutrient status and adjust soil pH value. However, little is known about the effects of water soluble fertilizers on soil microbial community, and the combined effects on soil nutrients and sugarcane productivity. Therefore, this study sought to assess the effects of water soluble fertilizer (1,050 kg/hm2 (WS1), 1,650 kg/hm2 (WS2)) and mineral fertilizer (1,500 kg/hm2 (CK)) on the soil microbial community, soil nutrients and crop yield of sugarcane. The results showed that compared with CK, the application of water soluble fertilizers (WS1 and WS2) alleviated soil acidity, increased the OM, DOC, and AK contents in the soil, and further improved agronomic parameters and sugarcane yield. Both WS1 and WS2 treatments significantly increased the species richness of microorganisms, especially the enrichment of beneficial symbiotic bacteria such as Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes, which are more conducive to the healthy growth of plants. Furthermore, we found that soil nutrient contents were associated with soil microbial enrichment. These results indicate that water soluble fertilizer affects the enrichment of microorganisms by improving the nutrient content of the soil, thereby affecting the growth and yield of sugarcane. These findings therefore suggest that the utilization of water soluble fertilizer is an effective agriculture approach to improve soil fertility.

scholarly journals Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site degradation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaoyue Zhang ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

Abstract Background: Jinsha earthen site in Chengdu, China, plays an important role in understanding the ancient culture and history of Shu civilization. The site is undergoing soil degradation due to physical, chemical and biological factors, while very little is known about the influence of biological factors on earthen sites. To investigate the biological factor, we analyzed microbial communities and physicochemical properties from samples with no obvious, mild, moderate and severe degradation, referred to as S1, S2, S3 and S4 sample groups, respectively.Results: Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene and ITS for bacteria and fungi, respectively, revealed high bacterial and relatively low fungal diversity; the bacterial OTUs were assigned into 36 phyla and 617 genera and the fungal OTUs into 5 phyla and 205 genera. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were higher and that of Actinobacteria lower with higher degree of degradation. In the genus level, the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Ralstonia were higher and that of Rubrobacter lower with higher degree of degradation. The distribution of the fungal genera in the four sample groups seemed more random than that of bacteria; however, the relative abundance of the yeast genus Candida was highest in the severely degraded sample group. For both bacteria and fungi, the differences in community composition were associated with differences in EC, moisture, pH, and the concentrations of NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- .Conclusion: Taken together, the microbial communities in soil with different degree of degradation were distinctly different at Jinsha earthen site, and degradation was accompanied with bigger changes in the bacterial than in the fungal community.

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