scholarly journals Neuroprotective effect ofPanax ginsengextract against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion-injury-induced oxidative stress in middle cerebral artery occlusion models

FACETS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mufzala Shamim ◽  
Nazish Iqbal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The present study investigated the in vivo neuroprotective role of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) pretreatment against transient cerebral ischemia in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Rats were randomly divided as follows: group I, control; group II, sham-operated; group III, where animals were subjected to MCAO surgery; and group IV, where animals were orally administered 10 mL PGE per day (200 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 30 d followed by MCAO induction at day 31. Following 24 h of reperfusion, blood and tissue (brain, liver, and kidney) samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological examination. Biochemical testing included lipid profile, liver enzymes, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, and total protein estimation. Tissue antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) were assessed in brain, liver, and kidney tissues. MCAO-induced histopathological changes were also examined in the tissues. Pretreatment with PGE showed significant improvement in tissue antioxidant status in brain, liver and kidney tissues. PGE treatment maintains plasma lipid profile, liver enzymes, kidney function, and CRP, LDH, and glucose levels. Histologically, monocytes and macrophage infiltration were observed in the tissues of MCAO animals, whereas PGE treatment preserved tissue architecture and minimal monocyte infiltration. PGE supplementation showed a neuroprotective effect against ischemia–reperfusion injury by effectively increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity.

MitoKATP opener, diazoxide, reduces neuronal damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. H1005-H1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Shimizu ◽  
Zsombor Lacza ◽  
Nishadi Rajapakse ◽  
Takashi Horiguchi ◽  
James Snipes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

We investigated effects of diazoxide, a selective opener of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels, against brain damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male Wistar rats. Diazoxide (0.4 or 2 mM in 30 μl saline) or saline (sham) was infused into the right lateral ventricle 15 min before MCAO. Neurological score was improved 24 h later in the animals treated with 2 mM diazoxide (13.8 ± 0.7, n = 13) compared with sham treatment (9.5 ± 0.2, n = 6, P < 0.01). The total percent infarct volume (MCAO vs. contralateral side) of sham treatment animals was 43.6 ± 3.6% ( n = 12). Treatment with 2 mM diazoxide reduced the infarct volume to 20.9 ± 4.8% ( n = 13, P < 0.05). Effects of diazoxide were prominent in the cerebral cortex. The protective effect of diazoxide was completely prevented by the pretreatment with 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 mM in 10 μl saline), a selective blocker of mitoKATP channels ( n = 6). These results indicate that selective opening of the mitoKATP channel has neuroprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat brain.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Baicalin-Loaded Liposome on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion after i.v. Administration in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Lingling Feng ◽  
Yujun Tan ◽  
Yan Xiang ◽  
Ruoqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

The dry root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has traditionally been applied in the treatment of cerebral ischemia in Chinese clinics. Baicalin (BA) is considered the key ingredient in it for the brain protection effects. The bioavailability of BA is very low because of its poor lipid and water solubility, which limits the therapeutic effects and clinical application. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel BA-loaded liposome (BA-LP) formulation to improve the drug lipophilicity and further to enhance the drug-concentration in the brain tissues. This study is also designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of BA in the pathological conditions of stroke and evaluate the pharmacokinetic differences of BA caused by stroke after intravenous administration with BA and BA-LP. In this study, the novel BA-LP prepared in early stage were characterized by morphology, size, zeta potential, encapsulation rate and the in vitro release. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of BA and BA-LP were investigated by intravenous administration in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and normal group respectively. BA-LP had a mean particle size of 160–190 nm, zeta potential of −5.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 42 ± 1%. The BA-LP showed a sustained-release behavior, the in vitro drug-release kinetic model of BA-LP fit well with the biphasic dynamic model equation: Q = 1 − (60.12e0.56t − 59.08e0.0014t). Pharmacokinetic behavior in MCAO rats is not consistent with that of normal rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion rats got higher Cmax and AUC0–t, which were about 1.5–2 times to normal rats both in BA and liposome groups. In addition, it got especially higher distribution in brain, while BA were not detected in brain tissues on normal rats. The Cmax and AUC0–t values were significantly greater with liposome than BA on both normal and MCAO rats. The tissue distribution behavior was significantly altered in the case of liposome administrated in comparison with BA, which the concentrations in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and brain were all increased after administrated liposome, but decreased in kidneys. The TI values showed that the target of liposome was improved especially to heart, spleen and brain, and the brain’s target was higher in striatum and cerebellum. In conclusion, BA-LP might be a potential drug delivery system to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BA. In addition, these results also suggest that the pathological damages of ischemia-reperfusion have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic traits of BA.

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