scholarly journals The role of management instruments in the diversion of organic municipal solid waste and phosphorus recycling

FACETS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 896-919
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Treadwell ◽  
Elena M. Bennett ◽  
O. Grant Clark
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Recycling ◽  
Waste Diversion ◽  
The Impact

Organic waste, which contains essential plant nutrients such as phosphorus, constitutes 30%–50% of municipal solid waste in developed countries. Unfortunately, much of this resource is buried in landfills or incinerated. Many jurisdictions have, therefore, adopted the diversion of organic waste and the recycling of nutrients as policy goals. We used data sets from Europe and Ontario, Canada, to explore the impact of socio-economic and management factors on the rates of organic waste diversion and examined the effect of this diversion on phosphorus recycling. Organic diversion rates were highly correlated with income in Europe and with infrastructure, such as source-separated organic waste collection, in Ontario. Significant correlations were also observed between diversion rates and the use of policy instruments such as economic incentives, legislative organic waste bans, and curbside bag limits. We estimated that 39%–63% of the phosphorus in diverted organics is returned to arable land. Ultimately, we found that although socio-economic factors influence the success of organic waste diversion, policies, accessible infrastructure, economic incentives, and legislative requirements can be leveraged to improve the recycling rate of organic waste and the nutrients they contain.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exogenous Aerobic Bacteria on Sustainable Methane Production Associated with Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation: Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Ge ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Zhiming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Waste Degradation ◽  
The Impact

In this work, the impact of exogenous aerobic bacteria mixture (EABM) on municipal solid waste (MSW) is well evaluated in the following aspects: biogas production, leachate analysis, organic waste degradation, EABM population, and the composition of microbial communities. The study was designed and performed as follows: the control bioreactor (R1) was filled up with MSW and the culture medium of EABM and the experimental bioreactor (R2) was filled up with MSW and EABM. The data suggests that the composition of microbial communities (bacterial and methanogenic) in R1 and R2 were similar at day 0, while the addition of EABM in R2 led to a differential abundance of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphlyoccus xylosus, and Pantoea agglomerans in two bioreactors. The population of exogenous aerobic bacteria in R2 greatly increased during hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages, and subsequently increased the degradation of volatile solid (VS), protein, lipid, and lignin by 59.25%, 25.68%, 60.47%, and 197.62%, respectively, compared to R1. The duration of hydrolysis and acidogenesis in R2 was 33.33% shorter than that in R1. At the end of the study, the accumulative methane yield in R2 (494.4 L) was almost three times more than that in R1 (187.4 L). In addition, the abundance of acetoclasic methanogens increased at acetogenesis and methanogenesis stages in both bioreactors, which indicates that acetoclasic methanogens (especially Methanoseata) could contribute to methane production. This study demonstrates that EABM can accelerate organic waste degradation to promote MSW biodegradation and methane production. Moreover, the operational parameters helped EABM to generate 20.85% more in accumulative methane yield. With a better understanding of how EABM affects MSW and the composition of bacterial community, this study offers a potential practical approach to MSW disposal and cleaner energy generation worldwide.

Sensitivity analysis and improvements of the recycling rate in municipal solid waste life cycle assessment: Focus on a Latin American developing context

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Navarro Ferronato ◽  
Luca Moresco ◽  
Gabriela Edith Guisbert Lizarazu ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Gorritty Portillo ◽  
Fabio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Recycling Rate

The Design of Mechanical Grates Experimental Device of Municipal Solid Waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Xin Cai Zhu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
You Qing Ding ◽  
Shun Hong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Stop Time ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
Move Distance ◽  
The Impact

In order to research the impact of the structure parameters of mechanical grate on MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) movement characteristics such as transportation speed, average stop time and mixed rate of waste, a kind of mechanical grate cold experimental device has been designed. This device can realize the switch between push forward and backward. Many structure parameters can be adjusted such as the height of grate, move distance of grate, bed angle, and move speed of the grate. Based on Mechanical grate cold experimental device, to study the impact of the mechanical grate structure parameters on the characteristics of waste movement is conducive to applying the results of test to the actual MSW grate incinerator. It provides a strong basis for the improvement and optimization of the mechanical grate furnace in terms of characteristics of Chinese MSW.

scholarly journals SMK BAHANG STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING RECYCLING PROGRAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (33) ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Oi Min Chong ◽  
Mohammad Tahir Mapa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Design Review ◽  
New Approach

The issue of solid waste management through recycling programs in our country has long been debated. However, the issue is still not taken the proper attention. recycling rate is still low at only 11 per cent compared to developed countries has reached 70 percent. The situation is alarming because its impact on health and sanitation as well as an area of the landfill is increasingly limited. Therefore, one of the steps that can be taken to solve the problem is through the implementation of various recycling programs in schools. This study was conducted to identify the perception and involvement of various recycling programs. Recycling is an effort to collect, process and reuse of materials use. This study uses a design review by applying the quantitative approach. Data were analyzed using SPSS by using the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics with the percentage obtained for use in the analysis of the study. The sample involves four students who were randomly selected in a secondary school in order to get feedback on the implementation of a recycling program. The results showed that students know the various recycling programs and they are well aware of the importance of recycling for analyzing the theories, but this practice is quite difficult. The overall analysis shows that perception and involvement of the recycling program is low. Therefore, all parties should school their energy and effort to make students aware of the importance of the implementation of recycling programs in order to solve the garbage problem in the school which in turn foster the practice of recycling among students. It is expected that the school can design a comprehensive new approach to attract the attention and interest of students to the various recycling programs, as well as to educate students to love the environment and maintain the cleanliness of the school grounds.

Estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Oman Using Different Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Tariq Umar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Council Member ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

Reduction in emissions is the key to tackle climate change issues and achieve environmental sustainability. The Gulf Cooperation Council member countries however, not only generate the highest quantity of MSW/capita when compared globally but also in most of these countries such waste is just dumped at different landfill stations. In Oman, the total quantity of MSW stood at 2.0 million tonnes/year. The emission from this waste is estimated at 2,989,467 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent). This article attempts to develop frameworks that considered landfilling, composting, and recycling of MSW and compared the emissions of these frameworks. The framework (F2) which proposes the landfilling and composting process for the organic waste which normally goes to landfills results in an increase of emissions by 7% as compared to landfill practice. Similarly, the samples of MSW collected in Oman show a good amount of recycling waste. The framework (F3) which considers the landfill, composting, and recycling reduced the total Greenhouse Gas emissions from 2,989,467 tonnes/year to 2,959,735 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent); representing a total reduction of 1% in emissions. Although composting increases the emissions, however, considering composting and recycling will not only reduce the burden on landfills but will promote agricultural and industrial activates.

Management of aluminium packaging waste in selected European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Warrings ◽  
J Fellner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Packaging Waste

By the end of 2025, a minimum of 50% of aluminium packaging waste has to be recycled within the Member States of the European Union. Aluminium packaging can be recovered through different systems (separate collection, deposit refund systems, informal collection, treatment of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash or mechanical treatment of mixed municipal solid waste). The present article analysed if the agreed targets for the recycling and reuse of aluminium packaging are reasonable and realistic. To this end, the management of aluminium packaging in 16 selected European countries, yielding results for 11 countries, were investigated. The results show that six out of 11 countries recycle at least two-thirds of the aluminium packaging from MSW and only two report very low recycling rates of 20%. The overall recycling rate reported by the different countries cannot be directly linked to the system of recovery. Only the assertion that a deposit refund system together with selective collection leads to a higher overall collection rate seems permissible. This does not necessarily lead to a higher recycling rate as other countries with similarly high recycling rates make up for it with high amounts of aluminium recovered from bottom ash treatment. A direct comparison of the recycling rates within the European Union Member States, however, is problematic for several reasons, such as data that are often differently or incorrectly assigned, incomplete or rely on estimations and assumptions. The authors therefore propose a clearer assignment of the corresponding data and more extensive mandatory reporting on losses and shares of non-packaging, imported and exported waste.

scholarly journals Network Design for Municipal Solid Waste Collection: A Case Study of the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liang ◽  
Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operation Cost

Garbage collection is an important part of municipal engineering. An effective service network design can help to reduce the municipal operation cost and improve its service level. In this paper, we propose an optimization model for the network design of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection in the Nanjing Jiangbei new area. The problem was formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with an emphasis on minimizing the annual operation cost. The model simultaneously decides on the optimal number of refuse transfer stations (RTSs), determines the relative size and location for each RTS, allocates each community to a specific RTS, and finally identifies the annual operation cost and service level for the optimal scenario as well as other scenarios. A custom solution procedure which hybrids an enumeration rule and a genetic algorithm was designed to solve the proposed model. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to illustrate the impact of changes in parameters on the optimality of the proposed model. Test results revealed that our model could provide tangible policy recommendations for managing the MSW collection.

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