Reply: Fatty acid signatures and classification trees: new tools for investigating the foraging ecology of seals

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Smith ◽  
Sara J Iverson ◽  
W D Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Classification Trees

Fatty acid signatures and classification trees: new tools for investigating the foraging ecology of seals

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Smith ◽  
Sara J Iverson ◽  
W D Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Classification Trees ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Lactation Stage

Analysis of the fatty acid composition of milk lipids in marine mammals offers a potential means of determining changes in diet and lactation stage. However, the large number of fatty acids routinely identified (over 60) relative to the number of animals usually sampled can limit the usefulness of standard multivariate statistical models for characterizing these patterns. Classification trees or tree-based models, which are not limited by the number of variables, were used here to study the fatty acid patterns in the milk of female harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) at parturition and during lactation. Tree analyses correctly classified 44 of 51 seals based on milk fatty acid composition to four stages of lactation, which corresponded to states of fasting versus increasingly intensive feeding. The fatty acid 16:2n-6 was quite effective in differentiating between seals at parturition and those 4 days or more later. Seals were grouped into early and late lactation by fatty acid 24:1n-9. A comparison between classification rules derived from classification trees and discriminant analysis showed that each gave similar rates of misclassification but that the latter required a method for the a priori choice of which fatty acids to analyze.

Milk fatty acid signatures indicate both major and minor shifts in the diet of lactating Antarctic fur seals

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Iverson ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould ◽  
I. L. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Signature Analysis ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Signature ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Antarctic Fur Seals

Fatty acid signature analysis is based on the principle that unique arrays of fatty acids within groups of organisms can be transferred, largely unaltered, up the marine food chain and thus may be an indicator of diet composition. We applied fatty acid signature analysis to milks collected from Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia in 1990–1991, during the perinatal period (N = 19) and subsequently during early (N = 11), mid (N = 11), and late (N = 8) foraging trips. In lactating otariid females, milk fatty acids secreted during the perinatal fast are derived largely from blubber mobilization and thus are influenced by dietary history prior to parturition. Conversely, milk fatty acids secreted during foraging trips are derived primarily from immediate dietary intake. The fatty acid signature of perinatal milks was significantly different from that of all other milks, suggesting differences in the prepartum diet when females are away from the breeding grounds. At the onset of foraging periods, the fatty acid composition of milks' changed dramatically to reflect a diet composed mainly of krill. However, during late foraging periods, milk fatty acids again changed from those of early and mid foraging, and suggested a predominance of teleost fish in the diet. These findings were consistent with independent assessments of diet by faecal analysis and indicate the potential value of fatty acid signature analysis in studying foraging ecology in free-ranging pinnipeds.

Foraging ecology of ice seals in Kotzebue Sound, Alaska: Insights from fatty acid markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiway W. Wang ◽  
Kathryn J. Frost ◽  
Alex V. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Kotzebue Sound ◽  
Fatty Acid Markers

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Effect of light intensity on the ultrastructure of the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
C. S. Bricker ◽  
S. R. Barnum ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
J. G. Jaworskl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Anabaena Variabilis ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Light

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative prokaryotes that are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Although there are many similarities between eukaryotes and cyanobacteria in electron transfer and phosphorylation during photosynthesis, there are two features of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria which distinguishes them from plants. Cyanobacteria contain phycobiliproteins organized in phycobilisomes on the surface of photosynthetic membrane. Another difference is in the organization of the photosynthetic membranes. Instead of stacked thylakolds within a chloroplast envelope membrane, as seen In eukaryotes, IntracytopIasmlc membranes generally are arranged in three to six concentric layers. Environmental factors such as temperature, nutrition and light fluency can significantly affect the physiology and morphology of cells. The effect of light Intensity shifts on the ultrastructure of Internal membrane in Anabaena variabilis grown under controlled environmental conditions was examined. Since a major constituent of cyanobacterial thylakolds are lipids, the fatty acid content also was measured and correlated with uItrastructural changes. The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in cyanobacteria ultimately can be studied if the fatty acid content can be manipulated.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

Fatty acid ketodienes and fatty acid ketotrienes: Michael addition acceptors that accumulate in wounded and diseased Arabidopsis leaves

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Vollenweider ◽  
Hans Weber ◽  
Stephanie Stolz ◽  
Aurore Chetelat ◽  
Edward E. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Michael Addition
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