Effect of velocity on the filter feeding of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis): implications for trophic dynamics

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Daniel Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Dynamics ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Dreissenid Mussels ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Dynamic Forces

Fluid dynamic forces were found to significantly affect the ability of freshwater dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) to clear plankton. Tests conducted in a flow chamber at <1 cm·s-1 were consistent with published clearance rates from standard tests involving unstirred containers (i.e., 60-70 mL· mussel-1·h-1 for 11-mm-long mussels). Increasing ambient velocity up to ~10 cm·s-1 led to clearance rates at least twice those of standard testing methods. Higher velocities (~20 cm·s-1) were inhibitory and resulted in reduced clearance rates. There were no detectable differences in the clearance rates of D. polymorpha and D. bugensis of equal size tested at ~10 cm·s-1, but large mussels had greater clearance rates than small ones. These results were found to be consistent with observations from marine bivalves and indicate that fluid dynamic issues are of importance in freshwater ecosystems, especially those that are shallow and (or) flowing. The trophic dynamics of these ecosystems will be better understood when the effects of fluid dynamics on the organism's ability to filter feed and the local delivery of seston through turbulent mixing are considered.

Respiratory adjustment of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis) in response to chronic turbidity

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1626-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brent Summers ◽  
James H Thorp ◽  
James E Alexander, Jr. ◽  
Ronald D Fell
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Dreissenid Mussels

Occurrence of chironomid larvae (Paratanytarsus sp.) as commensals of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ricciardi
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Quagga Mussels ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
Dreissenid Mussels ◽  
First Case ◽  
St Lawrence River

Up to 38% of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and 10% of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) collected from the upper St. Lawrence River in July 1993 were invaded by larvae of the tanytarsine chironomid Paratanytarsus sp. Third- and fourth-instar larvae were found living in the mantle cavity around the gills, gonads, and siphonal tissues. The larvae were never observed feeding on these tissues, and no tissue damage was detected. Most frequently, a single Paratanytarsus sp. larva occurred in a mussel; otherwise, two to six larvae were found. Invaded mussels were significantly larger than co-occurring non-invaded mussels. No chironomid larvae were found in young-of-the-year dreissenids. This is the first case of a large-scale endosymbiotic association, apparently a form of inquiline commensalism, between chironomid larvae and dreissenid mussels. Paratanytarsus sp. larvae also occurred in unionid bivalves (Elliptio complanata, Lampsilis radiata, Anodonta cataracta), but at relatively lower frequencies.

scholarly journals The impact of dreissenid mussels on growth of the fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis), the most abundant unionid species in Lake Erie

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Krebs ◽  
Elizabeth M. Barkett ◽  
Matthew T. Begley
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Species Competition ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Byssal Thread ◽  
Quagga Mussels ◽  
Dreissenid Mussels ◽  
The Impact

The arrival of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)) and subsequently quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis Andrusov, 1897) (Dreissenidae) in the Great Lakes in the 1980s induced many changes, most notably the devastation of native freshwater mussel species. Recently, empty shells of the fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis (Rafinesque, 1820)) have become common, particularly in the western basin of Lake Erie, suggesting that this fast-growing species may be increasing in numbers in the lake. To examine continued competition with dreissenids, shell age and length of L. fragilis were used to contrast lifespan and growth rate, estimated as the slope of age on shell length, for shells from two beach localities where byssal threads were present on most shells and two sites where dreissenids were rare or absent. Few recent shells from Lake Erie beaches exceeded 5 years of age, and byssal thread counts were more numerous on older shells. Growth and lifespan were estimated to be significantly lower where dreissenid mussels remained numerous than when measured either from historic collections along Lake Erie or from protected populations. Therefore, even for this early-reproducing species, competition from dreissenids may continue to interfere with growth and shorten lifespan, which are effects few other unionid species can likely tolerate sufficiently to sustain population growth.

A wall jet to measure the attachment strength of zebra mussels

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Daniel Ackerman ◽  
C. Ross Ethier ◽  
Jan K. Spelt ◽  
D. Grant Allen ◽  
Catherine M. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Attachment Strength ◽  
The Mean

A wall jet is presented as a novel means of measuring the attachment strength of zebra mussels. Attachment strength was inferred from a fluid detachment parameter (DP), defined as the nominal wall shear stress at the detachment site × mussel length2. DP varied significantly on natural and artificial substrates: in tests with 288 Dreissena bugensis (≈8–10 mm long), the mean (±SE) DP was 8.9 ± 0.9 mPa∙m2 on limestone/dolomite, 5.6 ± 0.5 mPa∙m2 on polyvinylchloride, 4.3 ± 0.4 mPa∙m2 on stainless steel, 4.2 ± 0.5 mPa∙m2 on aluminum, and 2.5 ± 0.3 mPa∙m2 on polymethylmethacrylate (Plexiglas). The attachment strength of postlarval mussels (plantigrades; <1 mm) was two orders of magnitude less than adult mussels. These results were validated with conventional tensile loadings, in which 633 Dreissena bugensis and 26 Dreissena polymorpha were pulled off substrates with a calibrated force scale. The tensile loadings results were comparable with those of marine bivalves. Good correlation between pull-off force and DP was observed. Information of this nature is useful for the implementation of environmentally benign zebra mussel controls.

Direct Measurement of Unsteady Fluid Dynamic Forces for a Hovering Dragonfly

AIAA Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2475-2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Yamamoto ◽  
Koji Isogai
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Unsteady Fluid

scholarly journals Flow reduces the amplitude and increases the frequency of lymphatic vasomotion: role of endothelial prostanoids

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1683-R1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akos Koller ◽  
Risuke Mizuno ◽  
Gabor Kaley
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Perfusate Flow ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Afferent Lymph ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Fluid dynamic forces have substantial effects on the movement of lymph and activity of lymph vessels. The effect of increases in intraluminal flow on spontaneous pumping activity of isolated collecting lymphatics has not yet been characterized in a condition in which the intraluminal pressure is constant. Thus, in afferent lymph microvessels isolated from rat iliac lymph nodes, changes in maximum (Dmax) and minimum (Dmin) diameter to increases in perfusate flow were investigated in the presence of a constant perfusion pressure of 6 cmH2O. Intraluminal flow was elicited by increases in the difference between outflow and inflow pressures (Pdiff, from 0 to 6 cmH2O). Diameters were measured by videomicroscopy. In response to increases in perfusate flow, Dmax and Dmin of lymphatics decreased from 157.5 ± 6.1 to 90.9 ± 5.6 μm and from 91.9 ± 5.3 to 66.3 ± 3.6 μm, respectively, whereas vasomotion frequency increased from 18.0 ± 0.7 min−1 to 23.4 ± 1.1 min−1 (at Pdiff of 4 cmH2O). Removal of extracellular Ca2+ abolished spontaneous diameter oscillations; under these conditions the passive diameter of lymphatics was 216.0 ± 7.1 μm and did not change in response to increases in perfusion. In the absence of endothelium, flow-induced changes in Dmax, Dmin, and oscillation frequency were eliminated. N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, did not affect flow-induced changes in diameter of lymphatics. In contrast, indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, or SQ-29,548, a PGH2/thromboxane A2(PGH2/TxA2) receptor blocker, inhibited the perfusion-induced reduction of Dmax and Dmin of lymphatics and also the increase in the frequency of vasomotion. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of lymphatic endothelium to increases in intraluminal flow could provide an important local intrinsic mechanism for the control of lymphatic resistance by release of constrictor prostanoids PGH2/TxA2.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document