Effect of ice formation on selection of habitats and winter distribution of post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon parr

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G Whalen ◽  
Donna L Parrish ◽  
Martha E Mather
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Winter Distribution ◽  
High Flows ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
Selection Of

We determined how ice affects selection of habitats and distribution of post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr during winter. Night snorkeling surveys were completed between November and April to evaluate parr habitat use and movements. Systematic measurements of water depth and velocity were recorded during ice-free and [Formula: see text]55% iced conditions to quantify habitat availability. Ice formation altered the distribution and reduced the abundance of habitats commonly used by parr; differences between parr habitat use and habitat availability were greatest when ice was present. Edge ice formation resulted in the concentration of flows, and areas of high flow were formed in midchannel; few parr were observed in midchannel after ice had formed. Through the winter, most parr were found lateral to high flows on the ice edge boundary or in the post-ice period lateral to the stream midchannel. The correspondence of parr movements during winter to changes in the physical habitat associated with ice formation indicates that movements and redistributions may be important for survival in streams affected by ice.

Nocturnal habitat use of Atlantic salmon parr in winter

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G Whalen ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
High Flows ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Random Measurements ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

We completed 22 night snorkeling surveys between November and March 1995-1997 to quantify Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr habitat use relative to habitat availability in the Rock River, Vermont, U.S.A. On average, post-young-of-the-year (PYOY) parr selected greater water depths in winter than young-of-the-year (YOY) parr, whereas YOY and PYOY parr both selected water velocities ([Formula: see text]19 cm/s) that were significantly lower than random measurements (46 cm/s). Maturity of PYOY parr had no significant influence on habitat selection. The majority of YOY and PYOY parr at night were found in contact with the stream bottom resting on silt-sand or gravel substrates in velocity dead-zone habitats created by the stream edge or depositional habitats created by midstream rocks and boulders. The strong selection that nocturnal Atlantic salmon parr exhibit for low water velocity areas in winter indicates the importance of maintaining large instream cover that provides refuges from high flows. The similarity that YOY and PYOY parr exhibited in many elements of habitat selection suggests that both stages may be similarly susceptible to habitat limitations in winter.

Patterns and correlates of movement and site fidelity in individually tagged young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefán Ó Steingrímsson ◽  
James W.A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Fish Movement ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Study Sites

The literature on stream fish movement offers diverse views on the patterns (restricted vs. nonrestricted), causes (competition vs. habitat use), and consequences (mobile fish of lower vs. equal fitness) of movement. We tagged 320 young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (30.1–55.3 mm), using relatively noninvasive tagging (elastomers) and recovery (snorkeling) techniques, to test these alternative views. Most fish (mean = 63.8%) stayed in the study sites (10–120 m) throughout their respective study season (28–74 days). Of the resighted fish, 61.8% moved less than 1 m up- or down-stream and only three fish moved more than 10 m, causing extremely leptokurtic movement curves. Movement and site fidelity were weakly affected by habitat use and competition. Fish originally found in slow water moved farther than fish from fast water, whereas fish found at high population densities were more likely to disappear than fish from low densities. Finally, mobile fish grew as fast or faster than more sedentary fish, supporting the idea that movement can be advantageous and is not just a by-product of density-dependent population regulation.

scholarly journals Holling Meets Habitat Selection - Functional Response of Large Herbivores Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dupke ◽  
Anne Peters ◽  
Nicolas Morellet ◽  
Marco Heurich
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Holling (1959) was the first to describe a functional response between a predator’s consumption-rate and the density of its prey. The same concept may be applied to the habitat selection of herbivores, by considering the change in relative habitat use with the change in habitat availability. Functional responses in habitat selection at a home-range scale has been reported for several large herbivores. However, a link to Holling’s original functional response types has never been drawn despite its potential to understand availability dependence in habitat selection more profoundly. Methods: Discrete choice models were implemented as mixed-effects baseline-category logit models to analyze the variation in habitat selection of a large herbivore over seasonal and diurnal scales. Specifically, changes in habitat use with respect to habitat availability were investigated by monitoring 11 habitat types commonly used by roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Functional response curves were then fitted using Holling’s formulas. Results: Strong evidence of non-linear functional responses was obtained for almost all of the examined habitat types. The shape of the functional response curves varied depending on the season, time of day and in some cases between sexes. These responses could be referenced to Holling’s types, with a predominance of type II.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Holling’s types could be applied to describe general patterns in habitat selection behaviour of herbivores. Functional response in habitat selection may occur in situations of trade-off in the selection of habitats offering different resources, due to temporally varying physiological needs of herbivores. Moreover, the two associated parameters defining the curves helps to identify the temporal variations and clarify how strongly the cost-to-benefit ratio is pronounced for a specific habitat. The presented novel approach of using Holling’s equations to describe functional response in habitat selection of herbivores could be used for assigning general habitat attraction values, independent of habitat availability, which might facilitate the identification of suitable habitats.

Habitat Use and Selection of the Marsh HarrierCircus aeruginosusin an Agricultural-Wetland Mosaic

Ardeola ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Alves ◽  
Joaquim Pedro Ferreira ◽  
Inês Torres ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Milena Matos
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Selection Of

Habitat use by stream-breeding frogs in south-east Sulawesi, with some preliminary observations on community organization

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Gillespie ◽  
David Lockie ◽  
Michael P. Scroggie ◽  
Djoko T. Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spatial Habitat

The habitat associations of stream-breeding frogs were examined along a series of stream transects on Buton Island in south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. Of the eight frog species located along streams, four were observed breeding in stream habitats. We examined spatial habitat partitioning among these species. Three of the four species were found to be associated with a non-random selection of the available perch sites. Strong partitioning between species in habitat associations was found; partitioning of the available habitat space was primarily associated with differences in proximity to stream features, and in the height of perch sites. General observations indicated that oviposition sites of most species were associated with the microhabitats in which the adult frogs were found. All four stream-breeding species appear to have synchronous breeding phenologies and the spatial relationships of these species within the habitat space appear to reflect partitioning of calling sites and oviposition sites. The stream-breeding frog community in this region of Sulawesi has much lower species richness and less specialized habitat use compared with other tropical stream-breeding frog communities in the region.

Summer stream habitat preferences of Nunavik anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) fry and parr

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Dubos ◽  
André St-Hilaire ◽  
Normand E Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Slow Velocity

Arctic char is a fish species known to occupy diverse habitats within the Arctic region. However, summer habitat use during the juvenile stage of the anadromous form is largely unknown. The present study aims to characterize fry and parr summer habitat preferences. Surveys were conducted by electrofishing, associated with physical habitat characterization on several rivers of the Ungava Bay, Nunavik, Canada. At the microhabitat and station scales, fry showed significant habitat preferences for shallow water and slow velocity. At the mesohabitat scale, fry showed a significant habitat selectivity for riffles. This habitat selectivity implies that habitat models can be built to evaluate the potential of habitat suitability for Arctic char fry. However, no significant habitat selectivity was found for parr. Parr size was nonetheless positively correlated with velocity, which was found to be a limitative factor for juvenile habitat use. This first attempt at modeling juvenile anadromous Arctic char habitat in rivers emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate spatial scale and reiterates the fact that parr showed relatively high plasticity in stream habitat selection.

scholarly journals Green Sturgeon Physical Habitat Use in the Coastal Pacific Ocean

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e25156 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Huff ◽  
Steven T. Lindley ◽  
Polly S. Rankin ◽  
Ethan A. Mora
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Green Sturgeon
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