Estimators of stream residence time of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) based on release-recapture data

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2580-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Lady ◽  
John R Skalski
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Right Censoring ◽  
Nonparametric Estimator ◽  
Time Estimate ◽  
Wildlife Population ◽  
Curve Method

The area-under-the-curve method is a widely used method for estimating salmon escapement. The method depends on obtaining an accurate estimate of stream residence time, or stream life. This paper develops two estimators of stream residence time based on release-recapture data: a nonparametric estimator and a parametric estimator. Monte Carlo simulations showed that with an adequate release size and number of sampling occasions, both estimators provide precise estimates of stream residence time. If there is significant right censoring, however, the parametric estimator is significantly less biased. If the data are too sparse, the parametric estimator performs poorly and often fails. The stream residence time of spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, was estimated using the estimators developed here. Because the estimators also provide the variance of the estimates, the precision of the stream residence time estimate could be assessed, and we were able to test and reject the hypothesis that the stream residence time for females is equal to that of males. Both estimators are applicable to estimating the life expectancy of any fish or wildlife population with release-recapture techniques.

Estimates of stream residence time and escapement based on capture-recapture data

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Manske ◽  
Carl J Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Small River ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Curve Method

The area-under-the-curve method is a widely used method for estimating salmon escapement. The method depends on obtaining an accurate estimate of stream residence time, or stream life. This paper develops an estimator of stream residence time based on capture-recapture data. If the capture-recapture experiment is performed on the entire population, the escapement can also be estimated using the area-under-the-curve method. Simulations showed that the stream residence estimator and the area-under-the-curve estimator provide precise estimates of stream residence and escapement, respectively. These methods were used to estimate the stream residence times and escapements of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a small river on Vancouver Island in 1989 and 1990.

Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Survey Costs ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Auc Estimation

<i>Abstract</i>.—A micro-controlled fish tag which records post-tagging lifespan was developed, tested as a prototype, and then evaluated in field applications for measuring survey life. The method of constructing the Tilt-Tag and the results of tank test trials on Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>, preliminary field trials on chum salmon <i>Oncorhynchus keta </i>are reviewed, and full-scale field applications on sockeye salmon <i>Oncorhynchus nerka </i>are presented. Survey life (SL) is an essential component for area-under-the-curve (AUC) estimation of Pacific salmon <i>Oncorhynchus </i>spp. spawning escapements. However, direct estimates of SL are often unavailable because the estimates mostly require extensive and costly tag-recapture programs. In this study, the Tilt-Tag was used to estimate SL by measuring the elapsed time from tagging until the fish came to rest permanently on its lateral or dorsal surface. Tilt-Tag derived estimates of SL, combined with specification of survey rules that were based on historical run-timing and stream temperature, reduced survey costs by approximately 50% when compared to conventional tag-recapture methods. Abridged details on how to construct the Tilt-Tag are provided so that researchers will be able to make their own tags.

A Robust Procedure for Estimating Salmon Escapement based on the Area-Under-the-Curve Method

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1982-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. English ◽  
R. C. Bocking ◽  
J. R. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Independent Estimate ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Total Residence Time ◽  
Survey Effort

Salmon spawning escapements are estimated using the area-under-the-curve (AUC) method by dividing the integral of the escapement curve by the average residence time of fish in the survey area. We present two forms of the basic AUC method which differ in the procedure used to estimate residence time from the observations of tagged fish during stream surveys. AUC estimates based on "observed residence times" were sensitive to variability in survey timing, observer efficiency, and tag detection, while those based on "total residence times" were more robust. For two coastal streams, escapement estimates based on "observed residence times" were between 1.1, and 6.8 times larger than an independent escapement estimate (from fence counts and mark–recapture data), while estimates based on "total residence times" were generally closer to the independent estimate (0.74–1.51 times the estimate, and within 26% six times out of seven). The consistency of our results under a wide variety of survey conditions, combined with their strong theoretical basis, indicates that an AUC method based on annual estimates of total residence time and observer efficiency is robust. However, the level of survey effort required for these methods would limit their application to high-priority streams or populations.

MUSCLE PROTEINS OF PACIFIC SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS): II. AN INVESTIGATION OF MUSCLE PROTEIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES SOLUBLE IN SALT SOLUTIONS OF LOW IONIC STRENGTH BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
E. Roberts ◽  
R. E. A. Gadd
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

The muscle myogens and other components of the spring salmon (O. tshawytscha), chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka), as well as the lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), were separated by the use of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose columns. Significant amounts of slowly dialyzable inosine and inosinic acid which may lead to spurious peaks in moving-boundary electrophoretic separations have been shown to be present in the muscle myogen preparations. The basic differences in the muscle myogen components of the Pacific salmon and the lingcod are compared.

scholarly journals Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Irvine ◽  
Masa-aki Fukuwaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance Trends

Abstract Irvine, J. R., and Fukuwaka, M. 2011. Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1122–1130. Understanding reasons for historical patterns in salmon abundance could help anticipate future climate-related changes. Recent salmon abundance in the northern North Pacific Ocean, as indexed by commercial catches, has been among the highest on record, with no indication of decline; the 2009 catch was the highest to date. Although the North Pacific Ocean continues to produce large quantities of Pacific salmon, temporal abundance patterns vary among species and areas. Currently, pink and chum salmon are very abundant overall and Chinook and coho salmon are less abundant than they were previously, whereas sockeye salmon abundance varies among areas. Analyses confirm climate-related shifts in abundance, associated with reported ecosystem regime shifts in approximately 1947, 1977, and 1989. We found little evidence to support a major shift after 1989. From 1990, generally favourable climate-related marine conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean, as well as expanding hatchery operations and improving hatchery technologies, are increasing abundances of chum and pink salmon. In the eastern North Pacific Ocean, climate-related changes are apparently playing a role in increasing chum and pink salmon abundances and declining numbers of coho and Chinook salmon.

The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon ◽  
Survival Patterns

Abstract.—Upon entering marine waters, juvenile Pacific salmon <em>Oncorhynchus </em>spp. depend on feeding at high and sustained levels to achieve growth necessary for survival. In the last decade, several concurrent studies have been examining the food habits and feeding intensity of juvenile Pacific salmon in the shelf regions from California to the northern Gulf of Alaska. In this paper, we compared results from feeding studies for all five species of juvenile salmon (Chinook salmon <em>O. tshawytscha</em>, coho salmon <em>O. kisutch</em>, chum salmon <em>O. keta, </em>sockeye salmon <em>O. nerka</em>, and pink salmon <em>O. gorbuscha</em>) between 2000 and 2002, years when these regions were sampled extensively. Within these years, we temporally stratified our samples to include early (May–July) and late (August–October) periods of ocean migration. Coho and Chinook salmon diets were most similar due to a high consumption of fish prey, whereas pink, chum, and sockeye salmon diets were more variable with no consistently dominant prey taxa. Salmon diets varied more spatially (by oceanographic and regional factors) than temporally (by season or year) in terms of percentage weight or volume of major prey categories. We also examined regional variations in feeding intensity based on stomach fullness (expressed as percent body weight) and percent of empty or overly full stomachs. Stomach fullness tended to be greater off Alaska than off the west coast of the United States, but the data were highly variable. Results from these comparisons provide a large-scale picture of juvenile salmon feeding in coastal waters throughout much of their range, allowing for comparison with available prey resources, growth, and survival patterns associated with the different regions.

scholarly journals Zero order and area under curve spectrophotometric methods for determination of Levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Audumbar Digambar Mali ◽  
Ritesh Bathe ◽  
Manojkumar Patil ◽  
Ashpak Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
The Mean

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Levocetirizine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the zero order derivative values measured at 230 nm and the area under the curve method values measured at 227-234 nm (n=2). Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Levocetirizine using 5-25?g/ml (r=0.998 and r=0.999) for zero order and area under the curve spectrophotometric method. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. Developed spectrophotometric methods in this study are simple, accurate, precise and sensitive to assay of Levocetirizine in tablets.

Protandry in Pacific salmon

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Morbey
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Specific Timing

Protandry, the earlier arrival of males to the spawning grounds than females, has been reported in several studies of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). However, the reasons for protandry in salmon are poorly understood and little is known about how protandry varies among and within populations. In this study, protandry was quantified in a total of 105 years using gender-specific timing data from seven populations (one for pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), three for coho salmon (O. kisutch), two for sockeye salmon (O. nerka), and one for chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)). Using a novel statistical procedure, protandry was found to be significant in 90% of the years and in all populations. Protandry may be part of the males' strategy to maximize mating opportunities and may facilitate mate choice by females.

IN VIVO METABOLISM OF STEROID HORMONES BY SOCKEYE SALMON: (A) IMPAIRED HORMONE CLEARANCE IN MATURE AND SPAWNED PACIFIC SALMON (O. NERKA) (B) PRECURSORS OF 11-KETOTESTOSTERONE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Idler ◽  
B. Truscott ◽  
H. C. Freeman ◽  
V. Chang ◽  
P. J. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
In Vivo Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Sexually Mature

Intra-arterially injected cortisone-4-C14 and cortisol-4-C14 were cleared from the plasma of sexually mature and spawned sockeye salmon (O. nerka) at a much slower rate than from the plasma of immature sockeye and spawned Atlantic salmon (S. salar). The results explain the elevated hormone levels found in the blood of mature and spawned sockeye salmon. The normal clearance rate found with Atlantic salmon, which frequently survive spawning, would indicate that the impaired hormone metabolism was associated with the imminent death of the Pacific salmon rather than with the act of spawning.Testosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were found to be precursors of 11-ketotestosterone, a sex hormone found in high concentrations in the blood of mature sockeye salmon. Testosterone was also formed in vivo from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. The results suggest more than one pathway for the synthesis of 11-ketotestosterone in salmon. Cortisol was converted to cortisone but no conversion of the former to 11-ketotestosterone could be demonstrated.

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