Ecological relationship between freshwater sculpins (genus Cottus) and beach-spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Foote ◽  
Gayle S Brown
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Cottus Cognatus ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Marine Derived Nutrients

The interaction between two sculpin species, Cottus cognatus and Cottus aleuticus, and island beach spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was examined in Iliamna Lake, Alaska. We conclude that sculpins actively move to specific spawning beaches and that the initiation of their movements precedes the start of spawning. Sculpin predation on sockeye eggs is positively dependent on sculpin size and on the state of the eggs (fresh versus water hardened), with the largest sculpins able to consume nearly 50 fresh eggs at a single feeding and 130 over a 7-day period. The number of sculpins in sockeye nests is greatest at the beginning of the spawning run, lowest in the middle, and high again at the end, with peak numbers of over 100 sculpins per nest (1 m2). We discuss the results in terms of energy flow of marine-derived nutrients into an oligotrophic system and in terms of the coevolution of sockeye spawning behavior and the predatory behavior of sculpins.

Behavior and Distribution of Spawning Sockeye Salmon on Island Beaches in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, 1965

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orra E. Kerns Jr. ◽  
John R. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Close Proximity

In 1965, spawning was studied on the island beaches of the eastern part of Iliamna Lake from a 5.5-m tower mounted on a 9.1-m boat and with the use of scuba. Over 3 million sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), utilized nearly 130 ha of the beaches surveyed during the period August 8–21. The total spawning population and utilized area of shoreline of all the islands in the lake were greater since each area was surveyed only once and possible multiple waves of spawners were not taken into account, and not all of the island shoreline was surveyed by the above methods. The salmon generally spawned in dense groups, over immovable rock, in exposed areas with no upwelling ground water, and with little display of territorial defense. Density ranged from less than 0.1 fish to more than 5 fish per 0.84 m2 (1 yard2). The latter density prevailed on reefs and outside points of the islands. Seventy-three per cent of spawning took place over bottom with irregular rocks from 102 to 305 mm (4–12 inches) in diam, and over 90% at depths from 2 to 6 m (6–20 ft) on bottom with slopes from 15 to 25°. Commonly, in a group of fish, one or more of the females were seen with their vents down in rock interstices, emitting eggs, while the males in close proximity were observed releasing milt. Eggs on the beaches are probably aerated by wind-generated lake currents and seiches. Of 3553 eggs collected from several island beaches, 6.8% were infertile.Several features of the spawning behavior and environment are favorable to the survival of eggs and fry. The bottom is not scoured. Most eggs are deposited between immovable rocks and are thus not disturbed by subsequent spawners. Fry emerging from the beaches have immediate access to the large food supply in the lake. Some hazards are predation on eggs by fishes, freezing, and ultraviolet radiation of eggs in shallow water, and smothering of eggs in areas with a high density of eggs or algal growth.

scholarly journals Effects of marine-derived nutrients on population dynamics of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1635-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadayasu Uchiyama ◽  
Bruce P. Finney ◽  
Milo D. Adkison
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Survival ◽  
Water Residence Time ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Marine Derived Nutrients

The effects of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) on the productivity of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) stocks in Alaska, USA, were examined through nitrogen stable isotope analysis of smolts and mathematical models of the sockeye stock–recruit relationship. Smolt δ15N was used to infer the degree to which smolts depend on MDN for their growth. We found that characteristics of sockeye nursery lakes and watersheds significantly affected the availability of MDN to juvenile sockeye. The magnitude of escapement and water residence time were the most important factors affecting the MDN availability to juvenile salmon. Analysis of stock–recruit models indicated that regional environmental fluctuations had a large effect on stock productivities. However, stock–recruitment data showed little evidence that increasing MDN input to nursery lakes increased stock productivities. Stock–recruitment data may be poorly suited to detection of the influence of MDN because of the multitude of factors that influence juvenile survival in the first several years of their life.

The state of gonads of resident sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from the Tolmachev Reservoir

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Pavlov ◽  
E. V. Mikodina ◽  
M. A. Sedova ◽  
N. G. Emel’yanova ◽  
G. N. Markevich
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The State

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

Reduced growth in wild juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka infected with sea lice

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Godwin ◽  
L. M. Dill ◽  
M. Krkošek ◽  
M. H. H. Price ◽  
J. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Sea Lice

Validation of daily increments and a marine-entry check in the otoliths of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka post-smolts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Freshwater ◽  
M. Trudel ◽  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
C.-E. Neville ◽  
S. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Daily Increments

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

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