Benefits and costs of vertical migration by the freshwater copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis: testing hypotheses through population comparison

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ghan ◽  
K D Hyatt ◽  
J D McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Migration Behaviour ◽  
Population Comparison ◽  
Deep Habitat ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Efficiency Hypothesis

The benefits and costs of vertical migration behaviour of the freshwater lacustrine copepod, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis, is explored through the study of two migrating and two nonmigrating populations. The association of vertical migration with the presence of pelagic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is consistent with the hypothesis that the adaptive benefit of vertical migration by S. oregonensis is avoidance of predatory stickleback. The hypothesis of avoidance of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) predation is not supported. Skistodiaptomus oregonensis do not migrate in the lake with the highest juvenile sockeye abundance but do migrate in the lake where juvenile sockeye are absent. A foraging efficiency hypothesis does not explain migration behaviour; neither food abundance nor food distribution distinguish lakes where S. oregonensis migrate from lakes where they do not migrate. Neither a bioenergetic efficiency hypothesis nor a thermal advantage hypothesis explain migration behaviour; temperature structures are similar in all four lakes examined. Vertical migration appears to be the result of a trade-off between predator avoidance and resource acquisition. Phytoplankton food is less concentrated in the deep habitat where S. oregonensis reside during the day. Furthermore, migrators contain less phytoplankton food in their guts than nonmigrators.

The temporal-spatial pattern of vertical migration by the freshwater copepod Skistodiaptomus oregonensis relative to predation risk

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ghan ◽  
J D McPhail ◽  
K D Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Threespine Stickleback

Skistodiaptomus oregonensis vertical migration in Kennedy Lake and Paxton Lake may be an adaptation to avoid predation by threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In Kennedy Lake, juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and the mysid Neomysis mercedis are also predators that potentially drive the vertical migration. A corollary of the hypothesis that predation selects for vertical migration is that the extent and timing of the vertical migration decreases predation risk. This corollary is tested for each of the potential predators. Laboratory experiments indicate that stickleback feeding rate decreases below 1.6 µE ·s-1 ·m-2. In Kennedy and Paxton lakes, S. oregonensis occupied depths below this light intensity during the day. Furthermore, as S. oregonensis ascended at dusk and descended at dawn, they remained within light intensities that reduced stickleback predation rate. In Kennedy Lake, hydroacoustic data coupled with information in the literature on feeding behaviour of juvenile sockeye indicate that this species move to surface waters to feed before sunrise and after sunset. Vertically migrating S. oregonensis are near the surface during the twilight feeding periods of juvenile sockeye. The timing of S. oregonensis vertical migration also does not reduce the time it is in contact with the predator N. mercedis.

Coastal marine and in-river migration behaviour of adult sockeye salmon en route to spawning grounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Wilson ◽  
SG Hinch ◽  
SM Drenner ◽  
EG Martins ◽  
NB Furey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Migration Behaviour ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
River Migration

A Comparison of the Growth of Vertically-Migrating and Nonmigrating Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) Fry

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Kootenay Lake ◽  
Efficiency Hypothesis

A comparison of the growth of vertically-migrating kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry and nonmigrating fry confined to the epilimnion in thermally-stratified Kootenay Lake, British Columbia rejected the bioenergetic efficiency hypothesis for the adaptive significance of vertical migration. Growth rates were higher for nonmigrating fry than for vertically-migrating fry. Geometric mean wet weights in early October were 2.88 g for non-migrating fry and 1.40 g for vertically-migrating fry of the same stock. The geometric mean weight of fry of a second stock rearing in the isothermal West Arm, in which behavioural thermoregulation by vertical migration was not possible, was 8.54 g in early October.

Foraging Behaviour and Memory Window in Sticklebacks

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Hughes ◽  
P.A. Mackney
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Memory Window ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Spinachia Spinachia ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIndividuals were collected from a residential marine population of Spinachia spinachia, an anadromous population of Gasterosteus aculeatus forma trachura and a residential freshwater population of G. aculeatus forma leiura. After maintenance for 2 months on a diet of mysid, individuals were subjected to ten, consecutive daily trials on a diet of amphipods or oligochaetes. During this period, individuals learned to handle the prey more effectively, as measured by attack efficiency, handling efficiency and handling time. Learning was similar among populations but differed between diets, being more pronounced for amphipods, which are more difficult to catch and handle than oligochaetes. Once trained to these diets, fish were tested for foraging efficiency after successively longer periods of stimulus deprivation, when they were fed a maintenance diet of mysid. All three measures of foraging efficiency with the amphipod diet, but only that based on handling time with the oligochacte diet, declined to naive levels in the residential marine and anadromous populations. No decrease in foraging efficiency with either diet occurred in the residential freshwater population. Memory window was 8 d, 10 d and > 25 d in the residential marine, anadromous and residential freshwater populations respectively. The large difference between the freshwater and two marine populations is interpreted as an adaptive response to the stability of arrays of prey, characteristic of their respective habitats.

scholarly journals Social interactions drive efficient foraging and income equality in groups of fish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Harpaz ◽  
Elad Schneidman
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Group Foraging ◽  
Income Equality ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe social interactions underlying group foraging and their benefits have been mostly studied using mechanistic models replicating qualitative features of group behavior, and focused on a single resource or a few clustered ones. Here, we tracked groups of freely foraging adult zebrafish with spatially dispersed food items and found that fish perform stereotypical maneuvers when consuming food, which attract neighboring fish. We then present a mathematical model, based on inferred functional interactions between fish, which accurately describes individual and group foraging of real fish. We show that these interactions allow fish to combine individual and social information to achieve near-optimal foraging efficiency and promote income equality within groups. We further show that the interactions that would maximize efficiency in these social foraging models depend on group size, but not on food distribution - suggesting that fish may adaptively pick the subgroup of neighbors they “listen to” to determine their own behavior.Impact statementAnalysis and modeling of group behavior of adult zebrafish shows that a specialized social interaction mechanism increases foraging efficiency and equality within groups, under a variety of environmental conditions.

Impact of food concentration on diel vertical migration behaviour of Daphnia pulex under fish predation risk

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 614 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Beklioglu ◽  
Ayse Gul Gozen ◽  
Feriha Yıldırım ◽  
Pelin Zorlu ◽  
Sertac Onde
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Migration Behaviour
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document