Effects of wave disturbance and substrate slope on sediment characteristics in the littoral zone of small lakes

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Fine Sediments

Sediment characteristics in the littoral zone of lakes affect the distribution, biomass, and productivity of benthic organisms and affect chemical exchanges with the water column, yet we know very little about their distribution. I tested whether sediment water and organic matter content were related to site exposure and to basin morphology by comparing sediments along 12 transects in three small lakes (area <150 ha). The distribution of sediment water content in small lakes differed from the general patterns described for large lakes and ocean. Sediment water content was generally high in shallow waters (<2-5 m), decreased sharply to 30-50% within 20 m from shore, and increased again in the deeper portion of the littoral zone. Fine sediments were retained in the shallow littoral zone (<1.5 m) at sites with mean fetch <150 m. The maximum depth at which sediments were mixed increased with increasing depth of the wave-mixed layer and with increasing slope of the substrate. The organic matter content (OM) of littoral sediments was closely related to their water content (WC) (log(OM) = -4.7 + 3.0 log(WC), r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001), and sediment organic content was very similar in the upper and lower portions of the littoral zone.

Soil Organic Matter Content and Volumetric Water Content Affect Indaziflam–Soil Bioavailability

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Jeffries ◽  
Travis W. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

Indaziflam is a cellulose biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide for annual weed control in various agricultural systems. Sporadic cases of unacceptable injury to desirable plants have been reported after indaziflam application, which may have been due to conditions favoring increased indaziflam–soil bioavailability. Research was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on a sandy soil to elucidate the effects of soil organic matter content (SOMC) and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) on indaziflam–soil bioavailability. Indaziflam was applied (50 or 100 g ha–1) at fall only, fall plus spring, and spring only timings to plots in a factorial arrangement of SOMC, pre–indaziflam application (PrIA) SVWC, and post–indaziflam application (PoIA) SVWC. After application, field soil cores were collected for a subsequent greenhouse bioassay experiment, where foliage mass reduction of perennial ryegrass seeded from 0 to 15 cm soil depth was used as an indicator of indaziflam–soil bioavailability throughout the profile. Significant edaphic effects were observed at 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 5, and 5 to 7.5 cm depths, with increased bioavailability at low compared with high SOMC. Pre–indaziflam application SVWC did not affect bioavailability, whereas PoIA high SVWC increased indaziflam–soil bioavailability at 2.5 to 7.5 cm depth compared with PoIA low SVWC. Low SOMC–PoIA high SVWC decreased perennial ryegrass foliage mass 40 and 37% at 5 to 7.5 cm depth from cores collected 10 and 14 wk after treatment, respectively, whereas reductions from all other SOMC–PoIA SVWC combinations were < 12% and did not vary from each other. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed a moderate, positive relationship between perennial ryegrass mass reductions at 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 5, 0 to 5, and 0 to 10 cm depths and hybrid bermudagrass cover reduction, which suggests conditions favoring increased indaziflam–soil bioavailability can adversely affect plant growth. Data from this research will aid land managers to use indaziflam effectively without adversely affecting growth of desirable species.

Standard magnetic properties in three mountain lakes of northern Iberia, ¿what is the influence of the major environmental processes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Oliva-Urcia ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Blas Valero-Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rock Magnetism ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
Subtle Change ◽  
Catchment Areas

&lt;p&gt;Paleoenvironmental reconstructions from three mountaineous lakes located in northern Iberia are compared and completed with classical magnetic analyses in order to detect the influence of different processes on the record and preservation of magnetic properties. The lakes are located in the Cantabrian Mountains, Enol Lake, and in the Pyrenees, the Marbor&amp;#233; Lake and Basa de la Mora Lake and share a similar composition of their catchment areas, dominated by limestones. They present other different characteristics, such as in the organic matter content, being Enol the one with the highest organic carbon values. Redox indicator (Mn/Fe) is higher and more variable in Basa de la Mora Lake, whereas in Enol and Marbor&amp;#233; Lakes steadily increases towards the top of the sequences. New and revisited results from sedimentary cores unravel the significance of the magnetic changes respect to the geochemical and sedimentological variations found in the geological record.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The magnetic mineralogy present after analyses done in discrete samples (less than 500 mg) is magnetite in all samples, due to a sharp decrease at 120 K (Verwey crystallographic transition) and 580&amp;#186;C (Curie temperature of magnetite) in the thermomagnetic curves performed in the MPMS and the Curie balance respectively. No indication of neither pyrrhotite (phase transition at 35 K) nor siderite is observed. The high temperature thermomagnetic analyses show the presence and creation of magnetite during heating, see an increasing of induced magnetization forming a broad peak above 450&amp;#186;C in the heating curve. In addition, a subtle change in the induced magnetization is observed at around 300&amp;#186;C. All analyses related with coercivity indicate the predominance of low coercitive minerals (&amp;#8220;soft&amp;#8221;) as magnetite is.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The combination of geochemical, sedimentological and magnetic proxies suggest that in Enol Lake the magnetic signal may be dominated by the formation of new minerals in relation to redox processes favored by the higher presence of organic matter (6%organic content), whereas in Marbor&amp;#233; Lake, the increase of the magnetic signal toward the top of the sequence seems related to the oxic environment and the preservation of magnetite, since this lake is ultra-oligotrophic. In Basa de la Mora Lake, the source rock seems to play a role in the magnetic signal of the sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These results indicate that diagenesis and changes in the redox conditions alter the concentration of magnetic minerals during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene and underlines their value as environmental and paleoclimate archives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Funding for this research was provided by the Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology through MEDLANT (CGL2016-76215-R) and DINAMO 3 (Ref CGL2015-69160-R) projects and by the European Commission (EFA056/15 REPLIM). The Institute for Rock Magnetism (IRM), the Instrumentation and Facilities program of the National Science Foundation of the Earth Science Division and the University of Minnesota are acknowledged for supporting visits and the free use of the facilities at the IRM, together with the both easy-going and expert guidance from the IRM staff.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Model to Accurately Monitor Soil Water Content

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Jingyu Ji ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Yajun Luan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Improved Model

The accurate monitoring of soil water content during the growth of crops is of great importance to improve agricultural water use efficiency. The Campbell model is one of the most widely used models for monitoring soil moisture content from soil thermal conductivities in farmland, which always needs to be calibrated due to the lack of adequate original data and the limitation of measurement methods. To precisely predict the water content of complex soils using the Campbell model, this model was evaluated by investigating several factors, including soil texture, bulk density and organic matter. The comparison of the R2 and the reduced Chi-Sqr values, which were calculated by Origin, was conducted to calibrate the Campbell model calculated. In addition, combining factors of parameters, a new parameter named m related to soil texture and the organic matter was firstly introduced and the original fitting parameter, E, was improved to an expression related to clay fraction and the organic matter content in the improved model. The soil data collected from both the laboratory and the previous literature were used to assess the revised model. The results show that most of the R2 values of the improved model are >0.95, and the reduced Chi-Sqr values are <0.01, which presents a better matching performance compared to the original. It is concluded that the improved model provides more accurate monitoring of soil water content for water irrigation management.

scholarly journals Relationship of Organic Content in Sediment with Morphometric Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) in the West Mangrove Ecosystem, Dumai City, Riau Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Mia Audina ◽  
Sofyan Husein Siregar ◽  
Bintal Amin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Reduced Density

The damage rate of mangrove forests in Indonesia is considered as the fastest and largest in the world. The reduced density of mangroves can be influenced by the water quality and the organic matter content around the mangrove ecosystem, causing changes in the mangrove leaves both in the shape of the length and width. This study was conducted in the mangrove ecosystem in the western part of Dumai City, with the aim of determining the morphometric size of the leaves of Rhizophora apiculata and its relationship with the content of organic matter in the sediment. The method used in this study was survey method, where observations and sampling were performed directly in the field and some of samples were analyzed in the laboratory. Mangrove density obtained from the research results ranges from 1966.66 - 4700 ind/ha, organic matter content 10.88 -17.21%. The morphometric size of the leaf length varies from 13.03 - 15.05 cm, the leaf width varies from 4.65 - 5.42 cm, and the length of the petiole varies from 1.59 - 1.91 cm. There is no significant relationship between the mangrove leaf morphometric with sediment organic matter in the studied area.

Threshold water content beyond which hydrophobic soils become hydrophilic: The role of soil texture and organic matter content

Geoderma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 209-210 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Vogelmann ◽  
J.M. Reichert ◽  
J. Prevedello ◽  
C.O.B. Consensa ◽  
A.É. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content

Efficacy of Selected Herbicides as Influenced by Soil Properties

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Blumhorst ◽  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
Len R. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Humic Matter

Field experiments were conducted on six loam and sandy loam soils to study the influence of various soil parameters on atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and pendimethalin efficacy. Herbicidal activity was highly correlated to the soil organic content. Humic matter content was equally or better correlated (r = 0.70 to 0.91) with herbicide bioactivity than was organic matter content (r = 0.66 to 0.84). Regression equations were determined which allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or organic matter levels.

scholarly journals The muddy bottom sediments of the old river beds of the lower Vistula

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Daria Mimier ◽  
Janusz Żbikowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Muddy Bottom ◽  
High Sediment

Abstract The main objective of this study was to characterize the muddy bottom sediments of three hydrologically different old river beds of the lower Vistula, located in the vicinity of Toruń: Port Drzewny, Martwa Wisła and Przybysz. Samples were taken at monthly intervals from April to November 2015 from two (Martwa Wisła and Przybysz) or three sampling sites (Port Drzewny) located in the central parts of the reservoirs. The bottom sediments of these water bodies were characterized by a low water content and organic matter content expressed as a percentage of dry weight, high organic matter content expressed in units of weight, as well as a high sediment oxygen demand. The most distinct reservoir was Martwa Wisła, most likely due to the lack of a connection with the River Vistula.

scholarly journals LAND CREATIONS AND FARMING SYSTEM TO INCREASE OF RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND FARMER’S INCOME (CASE STUDY IN BATANG TAMPO IRRIGATION SYSTEM - LINTAU BUO)

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ayendra Asmuti ◽  
Agita Tjandra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Tillage

It is estimated that around 95 percent of national rice production is supplied from paddy fields, so the paddy fields is very strategic in national food securities. Therefore, the potential carrying capacity and productivity of rice fields must be maintained and developed. But on the contrary the productivity of paddy fields in Sub Das Tampo, Lintau Buo Utara, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra, there is an indication of a decrease in paddy productivity in the last 10 years (Agita and Ayendra 2018). Decreased paddy productivity is indicated as a result of 1.) Drainage or nutrient deficit due to harvest carried out more than what is given through fertilization or addition of nutrients from irrigation water, 2). Excess or lack of certain nutrients due to unbalanced fertilization, 3). Decreased of soil organic content in the land and 4). Decrease in the quality of rice field management, especially: a). the use of inorganic fertilizers which causes low organic matter content and soil texture becomes porous quench, so it is less able to hold water, b). use of rotary plow in tillage for a long time which causes the processing layer and the depth of the root zone to become shallower ( into 10-15 cm), c). less intense of crop maintenance. This research was carried out by creating of soil tillage from 10-15 cm to 20-25 cm using a plow and increasing of organic matter by adding manure of 50 tons / ha (5% soil tillage zone ) to the rice fields in the Farmers Group of Tanjung Mutiara in Tampo Irrigation System, Nagari Lubuk Jantan , Kecamatan Lintau Buo Utara. The results of the study showed an increase in land productivity from an average of 3.2 tons / ha to 4.6 tons / ha and increase farmers' income by Rp 1.200.000 / ha.Key words : land creation, soil tillage, productivity

scholarly journals Effect of soil salinity and organic matter content on thermal properties and unfrozen water content of frozen soils at west coast of Baydara Bay

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
D. M. Aleksyutina ◽  
R. G. Motenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Unfrozen Water ◽  
Unfrozen Water Content ◽  
Composition Structure

The paper considers laboratory results of the composition, structure and properties for frozen and thawed soils at west coast of Baydara Bay. Experimental data of unfrozen water content and thermal properties are discussed and summarized for different soils. The roles of soil salinity and organic matter content on these data were estimated for frozen and thawed soils.

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