Long-term changes in parasites of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon N Bennett ◽  
Martin L Adamson ◽  
Leo Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Species Pairs

Parasites were examined in 41 annual samples of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) juveniles originating from lakes in British Columbia: Chilko and Shuswap. Nine species of parasitic helminths and two species of parasitic Crustacea were recovered from various organs. The number of species ranged from three to nine per year. Most (94%) parasites belonged to three tapeworm species, identified as core to the parasite community because they also infected the most hosts. Two of these cestode species are probably maintained by resident freshwater hosts in the lakes. Positive numerical associations were observed between four parasite species pairs. Parasite communities in both lakes were composed of similar species, with the exception of three rare Chilko Lake species that were never recovered from Shuswap Lake. Parasites were often as variable within stock (temporally) as between stocks (geographically), except for the prevalence of Eubothrium sp. and Neoechinorhynchus sp. and mean annual intensity of Proteocephalus sp. and encysted digenetic metacercariae, which were greater at Chilko Lake than at Shuswap Lake. Discrimination between the two lakes based on their parasite community is possible only in extreme cases of infection and thus is of limited use to fisheries officers attempting to distinguish between these stocks.

Parasite communities and infection levels of the invasive Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) from the Naab river basin, Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kvach ◽  
M. Janáč ◽  
S. Nehring ◽  
M. Ondračková ◽  
P. Jurajda
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Perccottus Glenii ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe Chinese sleeper (Perccottus glenii), an invasive Asian fish, was first registered in Germany in 2009 (westernmost extent of its invasive range). We sampled Chinese sleepers from two localities on the Bücherlgraben creek (a tributary of the River Naab) in south-eastern Germany in November 2015 and examined them for parasite infection. Twelve taxa were registered, including ciliates (unidentified Trichodina), a monogenean, three cestode species, two digenean taxa, two acanthocephalan species, two nematode species and one mollusc glochidia. Infracommunities consisted of 1–5 species, with 10% of fish uninfected. Three parasite species (Acanthocephalus anguillae, Gyrodactylus luciopercae and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa) were recorded on Chinese sleepers for the first time. The results highlight the important role of the Chinese sleeper as a second intermediate host in the life cycle of heron and grebe parasites. The Chinese sleeper parasite community displayed low homogeneity at both localities sampled, with allogenic parasites (metacercariae and mesocercoids) mostly shared. Differences between localities were mainly caused by autogenic parasites. No invasive parasites associated with the Chinese sleeper were observed in the study area, all parasites being representatives of European fauna. This supports the hypothesis of introduction via the aquarium trade or through transport with commercial fish.

scholarly journals Interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of bigeye trevally Caranx sexfasciatus (Pisces, Carangidae)

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Violante-González ◽  
Scott Monks ◽  
Yesenia Gallegos-Navarro ◽  
Nataly G. Santos-Bustos ◽  
Princessa J. Villalba-Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Local Fluctuations ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Parasite communities in Caranx sexfasciatus were characterized and analyzed to determine any interannual variations in structure and/or species composition. In total, 422 C. sexfasciatus were collected from Acapulco Bay, Mexico, between May 2016 and March 2019. Thirty-two taxa of metazoan parasites were identified: five Monogenea, thirteen Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Cestoda, three Nematoda, seven Copepoda, and two Isopoda. Monogeneans were the most frequent and abundant parasite species in all sampling years. Parasite species richness at the component community level varied significantly from 8 (May 2016) to 25 (March 2019) and was similar to previous reports for other species of Carangidae. The component communities and infracommunities in C. sexfasciatus were characterized by low parasite species numbers, low diversity, and dominance of a single species (the monogenean Neomicrocotyle pacifica). Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and climatic seasons. Seasonal or local fluctuations in some biotic and abiotic environmental factors probably explain these variations.

Intestinal helminth parasites in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom the River Thames: an infracommunity analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guillen-Hernandez ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
River Thames

AbstractAn analysis was undertaken of intestinal helminth communities in flounderPlatichthys flesusfrom two sites on the River Thames. A comparison was made between helminth community richness and diversity from these sites at the component and infracommunity levels. At the component community level, a richer and more diverse parasite community was found in flounder from the Tilbury location (marine influence) than that from the Lots Road location (freshwater influence). At the infracommunity level, more parasite species and parasite individuals per host were found at Lots Road and the percentage of similarity values were low at both locations. Helminth species with high prevalence values in the parasite communities of the flounder are the dominant species in any individual fish, harbouring multi-specific infections. The presence of more invertebrate species, which are intermediate hosts in the helminth life cycle in the Thames, fish vagility and the high prevalence and abundance values ofPomphorhynchus laevisin the flounder, may explain the differences between the two locations.

Community structure of digenean parasites of sparid and labrid fishes of the Mediterranean sea: a new approach

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SASAL ◽  
N. NIQUIL ◽  
P. BARTOLI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

The aim of this work was to study the structure of the parasite communities of Digeneans of 2 families of Teleost fishes (Sparidae and Labridae) of the Mediterranean sea. We tried to quantify the importance of both the microhabitat requirements of the parasite species and the effect of host biological factors on the parasite communities. We applied, for the first time in parasite community studies, the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to analyse (i) the spatial distribution of parasite species within the digestive tract of the hosts; (ii) the host's biological factors (such as diet, host length, gregariousness and abundance) that may influence this spatial distribution of parasite species. Our results showed that potential microhabitats were vacant in the 2 host families studied revealing a lack of niche saturation because either there was little inter- and/or intraspecific competition or there were enough available space and resources within the host. Our results also indicated that the position of the parasite in the digestive tract is much more important than host biological factors for the structure of parasite community. Finally, we highlight the potential use of the CCA method for controlling for phylogenetic constraints in multi-species analyses.

Thermal limits and ocean migrations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): long-term consequences of global warming

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Welch ◽  
Y Ishida ◽  
K Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Ocean surveys show that extremely sharp thermal boundaries have limited the distribution of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas over the past 40 years. These limits are expressed as a step function, with the temperature defining the position of the thermal limit varying between months in an annual cycle. The sharpness of the edge, the different temperatures that define the position of the edge in different months of the year, and the subtle variations in temperature with area or decade for a given month probably all occur because temperature-dependent metabolic rates exceed energy intake from feeding over large regions of otherwise acceptable habitat in the North Pacific. At current rates of greenhouse gas emissions, predicted temperature increases under a doubled CO2 climate are large enough to shift the position of the thermal limits into the Bering Sea by the middle of the next century. Such an increase would potentially exclude sockeye salmon from the entire Pacific Ocean and severely restrict the overall area of the marine environment that would support growth.

Parasite communities in two sympatric morphs of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), in northern Norway

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2003-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Knudsen ◽  
R. Kristoffersen ◽  
P.-A. Amundsen
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Habitat Niche ◽  
Dwarf Morph ◽  
Cystidicola Farionis

In this study from Fjellfrøsvatn, an oligotrophic lake in northern Norway, the parasite communities in two sympatric Arctic charr populations were compared. The dwarf morph, which inhabits the profundal zone, exhibited the lowest parasite diversity, seven species, and 72% of these charr harboured only one or two parasite species. In contrast, 10 parasite species were encountered in the larger normal charr, and between 5 and 8 species were present in 73% of these fish, which also utilised a broader food and habitat niche. Proteocephalus sp. was by far the most abundant species in the dwarf charr, probably because this morph fed intensively upon the benthic copepod Acanthocyclops gigas. On the other hand, parasites that are transmitted with littoral benthic prey (i.e., Phyllodistomum umblae, Cyathocephalus truncatus, Cystidicola farionis, and Crepidostomum spp.) were almost absent in the dwarf charr, though they were common in the normal morph. Also, Diphyllobothrium spp. were more prevalent in the normal charr, and this was attributed to their feeding upon limnetic copepods in the pelagic zone. The only recorded parasite with a direct life cycle, the copepod Salmincola edwardsii, had relatively similar abundances in the two morphs. The considerable differences in parasite community structure and abundance between the two charr populations were closely related to differences in the width and composition of the habitat and food niches between the morphs.

Helminth communities of yellow perch (Perca flavescens (Mitchill)): determinants of pattern

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Carney ◽  
T A Dick
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Parasite Communities

Twenty-eight parasite species were recorded from 504 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from Dauphin Lake and Beaufort Lake, Manitoba, and Lake Winnebago, Green Bay, and Lake Michigan, Wisconsin. Four parasite species, Diplostomum spp., Urocleidus adspectus, Proteocephalus pearsei, and Raphidascaris acus, occurred in perch from all localities. Infracommunities and component communities were low in richness. The Dauphin Lake and Beaufort Lake samples had the richest parasite communities, while those in the Green Bay and Lake Michigan samples were the least rich. The effect of host size and age on parasite community structure was equivocal. A positive association between P. pearsei and Bothriocephalus cuspidatus and more multispecies infracommunities than expected provide evidence of nonrandom associations in the Manitoba samples, while the Wisconsin infracommunities were random associations. Significant infracommunity nestedness in all samples indicated nonrandom community organization and structure. Parasite faunas were richer in samples with complex invertebrate communities than in samples with complex fish communities. The trophic status of the aquatic system indirectly affected the parasite communities by limiting the variety of potential intermediate hosts. Predictions regarding relationships between parasite community structure and lake trophic status were not supported. We show that predictable patterns at the fine-scale local level of the parasite infracommunity and component communities of perch are best explained by a rich invertebrate community upon which the host feeds.

Parasite communities of a fish assemblage from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile: similarity and host specificity between temporal and resident fish

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MUÑOZ ◽  
Y. CORTÉS
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Resident Fish ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Host Specificity ◽  
Intertidal Fish

SUMMARYThe different species of a fish assemblage can, to some extent, be similar in terms of their parasite communities, which can be associated with certain ecological host traits. This study compared the parasite community descriptors between temporal and resident fish species composing an intertidal assemblage from central Chile. Host specificity and similarity indices of parasite communities among the fish species were also considered. A total of 1097 fish representing 14 species were collected during spring and summer of 2 consecutive years. A total spectrum of 40 parasite species was found, of which copepods and trematodes were the commonest. Congeneric fish species had the highest similarities in their parasite communities. Based on a cluster analysis, using only some fish species, no group was distinguished using abundance or prevalence of parasites, because 50% of parasite species had high host specificity and only few of them were shared among fish species. Adult parasites showed high host specificity and were found mainly in resident intertidal fish, whereas the temporal fish had parasites with different degrees of specificity. Consequently, resident intertidal fish were characterized by their own parasite species, meaning that their transmissions might be restricted to the intertidal zone.

Long-term zooplankton responses to nutrient and consumer subsidies arising from migratory sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Oikos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Chen ◽  
Daniel T. Selbie ◽  
Bruce P. Finney ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Lynda Bunting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka
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