A re-evaluation of swimming performance in juvenile salmonids relative to downstream migration

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Peake ◽  
R S McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Juvenile Salmonids ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

It has been hypothesized that downstream migration of juvenile salmonids is initiated by physiological changes that occur during smoltification, which render the fish unable, or unwilling, to swim against currents that exceed 2 body lengths per second (BL ·s-1). This decline in ability, coupled with the increase in flow rate generally associated with the spring run-off, is thought to result in passive downstream displacement. To test this hypothesis, we measured holding ability of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and swimming ability of wild, migrating Atlantic salmon smolts in the field under ambient environmental conditions. Atlantic salmon parr (fork length 4.8-13.1 cm) used their pectoral fins to anchor themselves for indefinite (i.e., >200 min) periods in water speeds up to 0.86 m ·s-1. Atlantic salmon smolts (fork length 12.4-21.1 cm) swam indefinitely against currents up to 1.26 m ·s-1, maintained velocities as high as 1.64 m ·s-1 for short periods (2-10 min), and made short bursts at speeds up to 1.95 m ·s-1. These findings indicate that absolute swimming performance is not impaired after smoltification and that wild Atlantic salmon smolts are capable of swimming at speeds much greater than 2 BL ·s-1, making it unlikely that they are involuntarily carried to the sea by river currents.

Variation in Male Parr Maturation Within and Among Populations of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ransom A. Myers ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings ◽  
R. John Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Mature Parr ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Size Threshold ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

The covariation of growth and maturation in male Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar, produces a relationship characterized by a size threshold below which individuals generally do not mature. The threshold of 70–72 mm fork length is evident both within and among populations. Parr maturation can reduce growth during the second year of life by an average of 4.0%. Among-year variation in growth rate affects the yearly incidence of maturation for males at age 1 + but has no detectable effect on the total proportion of male parr maturing in a population. Increases in the proportion of mature parr in the Matamek River, Quebec, can be explained by variation in growth alone; there is no evidence for genetic changes in this population.

Effect of Morphological Fin-Curl on the Swimming Performance and Station-Holding Ability of Juvenile Shovelnose Sturgeon

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Deslauriers ◽  
Ryan Johnston ◽  
Steven R. Chipps
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Shovelnose Sturgeon ◽  
Pectoral Fins

Abstract We assessed the effect of fin-curl on the swimming and station-holding ability of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (mean fork length = 17 cm; mean weight = 16 g; n = 21) using a critical swimming speed test performed in a small swim chamber (90 L) at 20°C. We quantified fin-curl severity using the pectoral fin index. Results showed a positive relationship between pectoral fin index and critical swimming speed indicative of reduced swimming performance displayed by fish afflicted with a pectoral fin index < 8%. Fin-curl severity, however, did not affect the station-holding ability of individual fish. Rather, fish affected with severe fin-curl were likely unable to use their pectoral fins to position their body adequately in the water column, which led to the early onset of fatigue. Results generated from this study should serve as an important consideration for future stocking practices.

STUDIES OF TROPICAL TUNA SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN A LARGE WATER TUNNEL - KINEMATICS

1994 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dewar ◽  
J Graham
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Water Tunnel ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Swimming Mode ◽  
Anatomical Adaptations ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Tropical Tuna

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) swimming kinematics was studied in a large water tunnel at controlled swimming velocities (U). Quantified kinematic variables included the tail-beat frequency, stride length (l), caudal amplitude, yaw, the propulsive wavelength, the speed of the propulsive wave (C) and the sweepback angle of the pectoral fins. In general, all variables, except the propulsive wavelength and consequently C, are comparable to values determined for other teleosts. The propulsive wavelength for the tunas (1.23­1.29 L, where L is fork length) is 30­60 % longer than in other cruise-adapted teleosts such as salmonids. The resulting thunniform swimming mode and the morphological and anatomical adaptations associated with the long propulsive wavelength (e.g. fusiform body shape, rigid vertebral column) act to minimize anterior resistance and maximize caudal thrust. The long propulsive wavelength also increases the maximum l which, in concert with the elevated muscle temperatures of tunas, increases their maximum swimming velocity.

Going against the flow: an examination of the propulsive movements made by young brook trout in streams

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L McLaughlin ◽  
David LG Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Tail Beat ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
A Current

We examined the propulsive movements and behaviour of young-of-the-year (YOY) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) swimming in their natal streams. Our findings demonstrated that swimming performance was influenced by temporal and spatial heterogeneity in water flow. Pectoral fins were used commonly, even by individuals swimming in fast flowing water. There also was spatial variation in the speed attained for a given tail-beat frequency and amplitude. After controlling statistically for variation in spatial location, fork length, and tail-beat amplitude, the swimming speeds brook trout attained for a given tail-beat frequency were lower than values expected from laboratory studies of steady swimming but higher than values expected from laboratory studies of unsteady swimming in standing water. Trout holding station made short-term adjustments in tail-beat frequency also suggesting a degree of unsteady swimming. A field experiment demonstrated that introduction of a current-velocity refuge reduced swimming costs by 10%, on average, without affecting the frequency of foraging attempts made.

Interhabitat and instream movements of large Atlantic salmon parr in a Newfoundland watershed in winter

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
K. D. Clarke ◽  
D. A. Scruton ◽  
J. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

Degradation of DDT in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Greer ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

As indicated by thin-layer chromatography, hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon parr degraded DDT, absorbed from aqueous suspensions, to DDE and TDE within 9 hr. DDT adsorbed on external surfaces of the salmon was not degraded.

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