Population dynamics, production, and prey consumption of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands: a bioenergetics approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Prairie Wetlands ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Two Populations

I assessed the population dynamics of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands and developed a bioenergetics model to estimate their production and prey consumption. I sampled populations in four wetlands weekly from late May through June and biweekly during July and August using a Kushlan 1-m2 throw trap. I imposed commercial harvest on two populations; the other two populations served as controls. Weekly population density estimates ranged from 52 000 to 356 000 ·ha-1 during early June and from 5400 to 19 700 ·ha-1 in late August. Simulated commercial harvest did not influence population density, mortality rates, or size of fathead minnows. Standing stock biomass differed among wetlands sampled, ranging from 144 to 482 kg ·ha-1 in early June and from 1 to 33 kg ·ha-1 during late August. However, differences were attributed to differential predation pressure rather than harvest pressure. Net production during the period ranged from 71.5 to 202.7 kg ·ha-1. Daily net production was greatest in early June (2.6-13.5 kg ·ha-1 ·day-1) and then declined during July and August (0.1-1.2 kg ·ha-1 ·day-1). Total mass of prey consumed by fathead minnows ranged from 332.7-1104.8 kg ·ha-1 among wetlands.

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SEPEDON FUSCIPENNIS (DIPTERA: SCIOMYZIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1735-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Eckblad ◽  
Clifford O. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Larval Crowding

AbstractAdults of Sepedon fuscipennis Loew were sampled periodically throughout the summers of 1969 and 1970 in a backwater habitat. Several overlapping generations of this common marsh fly were present during both summers, and its population density reached a unimodal peak both years. Population estimates based on mean number per sweep agreed well with mark–release–recapture data. These estimates showed a reasonably good fit to the negative binomial distribution and indicated that aggregation of the flies probably is due to some heterogeneity in the environment. Flies lived more than 3 months in laboratory cages, and each female laid an average of 191 eggs.Estimates were made of larval survival and net production for discrete cohorts followed in the field. The survival and production rates of larvae were greater when small snails were abundant in the habitat and much greater when the larvae were fed once before being released. Survival was not decreased perceptibly by the degree of larval crowding tested (50 larvae compared with 25 in an area of 254.34 cm2).

scholarly journals Dispersion and Distribution of Marked Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) in Prairie Wetlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy D. Noraker ◽  
Kyle D. Zimmer ◽  
Malcolm G. Butler ◽  
Mark A. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Prairie Wetlands

Factors influencing invertebrate communities in prairie wetlands: a multivariate approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D Zimmer ◽  
Mark A Hanson ◽  
Malcolm G Butler
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Prairie Wetlands ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Influential Variable ◽  
Invertebrate Community Structure

We examined the relationships between invertebrate community structure and a number of biotic and abiotic variables in 19 semipermanent prairie wetlands. We tested whether aquatic invertebrate communities differed (i) between wetlands with and without fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and (ii) according to drainage history of wetlands (restored versus natural, nondrained). We also evaluated influences of other environmental variables on invertebrate community structure, including abundance of aquatic macrophytes and amphibians and wetland depth and surface area. Invertebrate communities differed significantly between wetlands with and without fathead minnows, largely due to lower relative abundance of 19 invertebrate taxa (of 32 taxa analyzed) in wetlands with fathead minnows. In contrast, we found no differences in these taxa between natural and restored wetlands. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that invertebrate community structure was affected by abundance of fathead minnows, abundance of aquatic macrophytes, and wetland depth, with fathead minnows the most influential variable measured. Many studies have documented the effects of fish predation on zooplankton communities, but our results show that fathead minnows in prairie wetlands affect a large number of diverse invertebrate taxa. The presence of these fish results in an invertebrate community distinctly different from that found in fishless wetlands.

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

Effects of crop sequence and rainfall on population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hall ◽  
Lana Gay Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Previous Summer ◽  
Crop Sequence

Evidence is presented that population dynamics of Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli in soil depend on the effects of crop sequence and rainfall on parasitic activities of the pathogen. In a rotation trial started in 1978 and conducted over 14 years, population densities (colony-forming units/g) of the fungus in soil remained below 50 in treatments (fallow, repeated corn, repeated soybean) where the preferred host plant (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris) was not grown. Where bean was grown every 3rd year or every year, population densities reached 475 and 660, respectively, by 1984. Thereafter, population densities of the fungus fluctuated widely from year to year in both rotation and repeated bean treatments. In the rotation treatment, peaks in population density of the pathogen coincided with the years of bean production. In repeated bean plots between 1985 and 1991, population density of the fungus in June was significantly correlated (r = 0.77, p = 0.04) with total rainfall received during the previous summer (June–August). It is postulated that higher rainfall during the growing season of the bean crop stimulated root growth and root infection, leading to the accumulation of higher levels of potential inoculum in infected tissue and the release of higher levels of inoculum into the soil by the following June. Key words: Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, rainfall, crop rotation.

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