Differences in Genetic Diversity for Mitochondrial DNA Between Hatchery and Wild Populations of Oncorhynchus

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Nielsen ◽  
Christina Gan ◽  
W. Kelley Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Variable Segment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Amplification by the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of a highly variable segment (199 base pairs) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 491 fish from 22 streams and 9 hatcheries revealed 9 mtDNA types in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 5 types in coho salmon (O. kisutch), and 6 types in chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). Likelihood chi-square analysis of frequencies of mtDNA types in eight paired comparisons of hatchery and geographically proximate wild populations of Oncorhynchus showed significant differences in mtDNA genotypes. More mtDNA types were found, on average, in contemporary hatchery populations for each species than in geographically proximate wild stocks. Factors potentially leading to genetic differences in hatchery and wild stocks sampled in California were historic introductions of geographically divergent populations into hatchery brood stocks and lack of introgression of geographically divergent genotypes from the hatchery into wild populations.

scholarly journals Chilean Salmon Sushi: Genetics Reveals Product Mislabeling and a Lack of Reliable Information at the Point of Sale

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Valentina Prida ◽  
Maritza Sepúlveda ◽  
Claudio Quezada-Romegialli ◽  
Chris Harrod ◽  
Daniel Gomez-Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Species diagnosis is essential to assess the level of mislabeling or misnamed seafood products such as sushi. In Chile, sushi typically includes salmon as the main ingredient, but species used are rarely declared on the menu. In order to identify which species are included in the Chilean sushi market, we analyzed 84 individual sushi rolls sold as “salmon” from sushi outlets in ten cities across Chile. Using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol (PCR-RFLP), we identified mislabeled and misnamed products. Atlantic salmon was the most common salmonid fish used in sushi, followed by coho salmon, rainbow trout, and Chinook salmon. We found a total of 23% and 18% of the products were mislabeled and misnamed, respectively. In 64% of cases, the salesperson selling the product could not identify the species. We also identified the use of wild-captured Chinook salmon samples from a naturalized population. Our results provide a first indication regarding species composition in Chilean sushi, a quantification of mislabeling and the level of misinformation declared by sales people to consumers. Finally, considering that Chinook salmon likely originates from a non-licensed origin and that sushi is an uncooked product, proper identification in the food production chain may have important consequences for the health of consumers.

Plasma thyroid hormones during smoltification of yearling and underyearling coho salmon and yearling chinook salmon and steelhead trout

Aquaculture ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walton W. Dickhoff ◽  
Leroy C. Folmar ◽  
James L. Mighell ◽  
Conrad V.W. Mahnken
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Steelhead Trout

Epidemiology, Haemato-biochemical and Pathological Changes Related to Field Outbreaks of PPR in Small Ruminants in Odisha

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Rath ◽  
S.K. Panda ◽  
B.P. Mishra ◽  
R. Mishra ◽  
D.K. Karna
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Helminthic Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Poor Management

Background: Odisha experiencing sporadic outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) throughout the year. There is a scarcity of available literature on PPR in Odisha till today. This is the first ever detail investigative approach in the state undertaken with an objective to corelate the epidemiological risk factors, haemato-biochemical and pathological changes in natural field outbreaks occurring in eight different districts. Methods: Fourteen field outbreaks of PPR were evaluated clinically as well as epidemiologically and confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood, serum, faecal and tissue samples were collected to observe haemato-biochemical and pathomorphological changes to asses disease severity. Result: Present study concluded an overall mortality rate of 46.81%. Chi-square analysis revealed significant highest prevalence among 7-12 months (46.13%) age, Ganjam breed (45.51%) and females (80.49%). Frequent migration among the border areas along with poor management and helminthic infection was major precipitating factor. There was polycythemia along with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Significant increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), K+ and Ca+2 along with creatinine, urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) BUN was observed in affected flocks. Antero-ventral consolidation of lungs, syncytia and presence of both eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were major pathological changes.

Relation of Water Temperature to Flexibacter columnaris Infection in Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri), Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) Salmon

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1553-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Holt ◽  
J. E. Sanders ◽  
J. L. Zinn ◽  
J. L. Fryer ◽  
K. S. Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Time To Death

The effect of water temperature upon mortality from experimental infection by Flexibacter columnaris and on mean time to death was investigated in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Eight temperatures increasing from 3.9 to 23.3 C (39 to 74 F) by increments of 2.8 C (5 F) were studied. Fish were infected by the direct contact method whereby a suspension of the pathogen was added to the water. It was found that at temperatures of 9.4 C (49 F) and below, no deaths due to the experimental infection with F. columnaris occurred. At 12.2 C (54 F) mortality varied from 4 to 20% among the three species, and increased progressively with increasing temperature to 100% in steelhead trout and coho salmon at 20.5 C (69 F), and 70% in chinook salmon at that temperature. With all three salmonid species, an inverse linear relationship was found between water temperature and the log10 of the mean number of days from exposure to death. This means that as the temperature increased above 12.2 C (54 F), the disease process was progressively accelerated, resulting in a minimum time to death at 20.5 or 23.3 C (69 or 74 F) and a maximum at 12.2 C (54 F). The results indicate that under the conditions of these experiments, columnaris disease in salmonids was completely suppressed by water temperatures of 9.4 C (49 F) or below.

Ceratomyxa shasta Noble, 1950 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) present in the Fraser River system of British Columbia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
River System ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Steelhead Trout

An examination of 220 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), 84 coho salmon (O. kisutch), 145 steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), and 21 cutthroat trout (S. clarki) for Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from 16 localities in the Fraser River drainage, British Columbia, showed that at all sites examined these salmonid species were infected, with a prevalence ranging between 11 and 100%. The study concludes that C. shasta, the causative agent of the salmonid disease ceratomyxosis, is widely distributed in the Fraser drainage basin and discusses these results in relation to proposed fish culture in the region.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Chum Salmon (O. keta) Detected by Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cronin ◽  
William J. Spearman ◽  
Richard L. Wilmot ◽  
John C. Patton ◽  
John W. Bickham
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We analyzed intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from drainages in the Yukon River (Alaska and Yukon Territory), the Kenai River (Alaska), and Oregon and California rivers; and chum salmon (O. keta) from the Yukon River and Vancouver Island, and Washington rivers. For each species, three different portions of the mtDNA molecule were amplified separately using the polymerase chain reaction and then digested with at least 19 restriction enzymes. Intraspecific sequence divergences between haplotypes were less than 0.01 base substitution per nucleotide. Nine chum salmon haplotypes were identified. Yukon River chum salmon stocks displayed more haplotypes (eight) than the stocks of Vancouver Island and Washington (two). The most common chum salmon haplotype occurred in all areas. Seven chinook salmon haplotypes were identified. Four haplotypes occurred in the Yukon and Kenai rivers and four occurred in Oregon/California, with only one haplotype shared between the regions. Sample sizes were too small to quantify the degree of stock separation among drainages, but the patterns of variation that we observed suggest utility of the technique in genetic stock identification.

Winter habitat preferences of juvenile salmonids in two interior rivers in British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Swales ◽  
R. B. Lauzier ◽  
C. D. Levings
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Juvenile Salmonids ◽  
Side Channels

The winter distribution and abundance of juvenile salmonids was investigated in various main channel and off-channel habitats in the Coldwater and Nicola rivers in the southern interior region of British Columbia. Catches were generally low in all main channel habitats, with coho salmon and steelhead trout being most abundant and chinook salmon and Dolly Varden char being present in smaller numbers. Coho salmon and steelhead trout catches were generally highest in pools with abundant instream and riparian cover. Steelhead trout was the main species in riprap bank protected areas, although catches were generally low. Highest overall catches were recorded in side channels and off-channel ponds, where water temperatures were usually several degrees higher than in the main river. Coho salmon was the main species in the two Coldwater off-channel ponds with overwintering populations of approximately 4000 and 1000 in 1- and 0.1-ha ponds, respectively (0.4–1.5 fish/m2): overwinter survival of coho salmon in the ponds was estimated to be 87 and 54%, respectively. High densities of coho salmon were also recorded in side channels on the Nicola River (1.5–1.8 fish/m2), together with smaller numbers of chinook salmon and steelhead trout (0.2–0.3 fish/m2). Growth in ponds and side channels appeared to be faster than in main channel habitats. We conclude that juvenile salmonids in the rivers investigated showed considerable habitat segregation during the winter. As in coastal rivers, juvenile coho salmon made extensive use of off-channel ponds, while rainbow trout and chinook salmon were generally most abundant in riprap and deep pools containing log debris, respectively.

Variation in Mitochondrial DNA and Allozymes Discriminates Early and Late Forms of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, Alaska

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Adams ◽  
William J. Spearman ◽  
Carl V. Burger ◽  
Kenneth P. Currens ◽  
Carl B. Schreck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Unique Haplotype ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Genetic differences between early and late forms of Alaskan chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were identified using two genetic approaches: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, and protein electrophoresis. Study populations consisted of early and late runs in each of the Kenai and Kasilof rivers in Alaska, and a population from the Minam River, Oregon. Two segments of mtDNA were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with 14–16 restriction enzymes. Results showed that early runs were genetically similar to each other but different from the late runs. The late runs were different from each other based on the frequency of the common haplotypes. Frequency differences in shared haplotypes together with the presence of a unique haplotype separated the Minam River stock from those in Alaska. In the protein analysis, each population was examined at 30 allozyme loci. Based on 14 polymorphic loci, Minam River salmon were genetically distinct from the Alaskan populations. Within the Alaskan populations, early runs were most similar to each other but different from the late runs; the late runs were also genetically most similar to each other. Both mtDNA and allozyme analysis suggest that chinook salmon may segregate into genetically different early and late forms within a drainage.

Is solar radiation responsible for declines in marine survival rates of anadromous salmonids that rear in small streams?

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Walters ◽  
Bruce Ward
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Marine Survival

There have been profound declines in marine survival rates of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (O. kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) since the mid-1980s, and these declines have been particularly acute in sunny regions. We suggest that the problem may originate in freshwater with radiation (e.g., UV-B) damage to metabolic machinery that is expressed during stressful periods of smolting and ocean entry and that progressively worse damage may soon appear as reduction in freshwater survivals as well. This hypothesis can be tested quickly by management agencies by comparing survival rates of hatchery-reared fish with and without radiation protection during rearing.

scholarly journals Correlation of Sperm Mitochondrial DNA 7345 bp and 7599 bp Deletions with As-thenozoospemia in Jordanian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi ◽  
Ali M. Al-Talafha ◽  
Emad Al Sharu ◽  
Bahaa Al-Trad ◽  
Ayman Alzu'bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Mtdna Deletion ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Infertile Group

Background: Alterations in sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) affect the functions of some OXPHOS proteins which will affect sperm motility and may be associated with asthenozoospermia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between 7599-bp and 7345-bp sperm mtDNA deletions and asthenozoospermia in Jordan. Methods: Semen specimens from 200 men including 121 infertile and 79 healthy individuals were collected at the Royal Jordanian Medical Services In-vitro fertilization (IVF) units. The mtDNA was extracted followed by mtDNA amplification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted for the target sequences, then DNA sequencing was performed for the PCR products. Chi-square, Fisher's and Spearman's tests were used to calculate the correlation.  Results: The results showed a significant correlation between the presence of 7599-bp mtDNA deletion and infertility where the frequency of the 7599-bp deletion was 63.6% in the infertile group compared to the fertile 34.2% (p<0.001, (OR=3.37, 95% CI=1.860 to 6.108)). Additionally, the sperm motility showed a significant association with the frequency of the 7599-bp deletion (p=0.001, r=-0.887). The 7345-bp mtDNA deletion showed no assoctiation with the infertility (p=0.65, (OR=0.837, 95% CI= 0.464-1.51)) or asthenozoospermia (p=0.98, r=0.008). Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant correlation between asthenozoospermia and the 7599-bp mtDNA deletion but not the 7345-bp mtDNA deletion in the infertile men in Jordan. Screening for deletions in sperm mtDNA can be used as a pre-diagnostic molecular marker for male infertility.

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