Genetic Differentiation of Subpopulations of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Within Lakes of Alaska, British Columbia, and Kamchatka, Russia

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataly V. Varnavskaya ◽  
Chris C. Wood ◽  
Rebecca J. Everett ◽  
Richard L. Wilmot ◽  
Vladimir S. Varnavsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The United States ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Spawning Sites

Genetic differentiation among subpopulations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was investigated within nine intensively sampled lake systems located throughout the species' range using allozyme allelic frequency data collected by researchers in Canada, Russia, and the United States. Allelic frequencies at up to nine highly polymorphic loci were used to examine genetic diversity among 163 samples collected from 68 distinct spawning sites and to identify subpopulation structure within lakes. Significant heterogeneity was detected among sites within all lakes. The greatest differentiation was evident among subpopulations exhibiting different run timing (earlier vs. later) or utilizing different spawning habitat (tributary vs. littoral). These findings indicate that sockeye home precisely to natal streams, not just to lake systems, and underscore the importance of conserving individual spawning sites within sockeye populations.

Introduction of Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) into Lake Huron

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1857-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Experimental Introduction ◽  
Principal Species

An experimental introduction of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) into Lake Huron from egg stocks obtained from British Columbia and several western states of the United States began in 1964. From 1964 to 1969, about 5.5 million kokanee (eggs, fry, and fingerlings) were planted. Estimated minimum returns of adults were 9000, 1200, and 4000 in 1967, 1968, and 1969, respectively. Although most of the returns were recorded near planting sites, substantial numbers moved into other areas, in some instances spawning in streams that were not planted. Apparently, most kokanee matured in their 3rd year of life (2+) and their lengths ranged from 18 to 49 cm.The incidence of lamprey marks on adults was light (1.6% of 4472 examined) but frequencies of marks tended to increase as fish size increased — from 0.5% for 28–32 cm fish to 16.7% for fish over 40 cm long.Successful stream spawning in 1967 was indicated by the retrieval of live eggs and alevins from redds and the capture of downstream migrant fry. Shore spawning was verified by retrieval of viable eggs from redds in 1969. The potential egg deposition in the two rivers with the largest runs in 1967 was approximately 2.7 million eggs. Fish from British Columbia river-spawning stock spawned both in streams and along shores of South Bay. Since spawning was not restricted to streams, the shore areas of Lake Huron may extend the spawning habitat available to kokanee.Adult kokanee fed mainly on insects and plankton during August and September. Aerial forms of insects predominated in South Bay kokanee. Dieldrin and DDT residues were moderate, averaging between 0.012 and 0.046 ppm for dieldrin and 0.226 and 1.242 ppm for DDT in whole tissue samples.Data from South Bay show that the principal species found in association with kokanee were alewife and smelt. The diet of alewife in August indicated possible competition with kokanee.

Biochemical Genetic Comparison of Sockeye Salmon and Kokanee, the Anadromous and Nonanadromous forms of Oncorhynchus nerka

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Foote ◽  
Chris C. Wood ◽  
Ruth E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Sympatric Forms ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Genetic Characters ◽  
Genetic Comparison

Twenty-three anadromous (sockeye salmon) and nonanadromous (kokanee) Oncorhynchus nerka populations were sampled from throughout British Columbia and examined electrophoretically at three to five polymorphic loci to test whether the forms represent distinct genetic lineages or whether they are polyphyletic. Sockeye and kokanee which spawn sympatrically in three different lake systems were also examined to determine whether the two forms belong to a single panmictic population. Our results support the hypothesis that sockeye and kokanee are polyphyletic. No genetic characters were found by which the forms could be separated consistently. Greater differences exist among O. nerka populations from different drainages than between sockeye and kokanee forms. Sympatric sockeye and kokanee were significantly different in all systems examined, demonstrating that genetic differences can persist in the absence of geographic barriers to gene flow. While sympatric sockeye and kokanee were genetically divergent, they showed greater genetic similarity to one another (in allele frequency and/or allele types) than they did to their own forms in neighbouring lakes. We argue that this genetic similarity between sympatric forms is the result of sympatric divergence of sockeye and kokanee.

Assignment of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to spawning sites using DNA markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham E. Corley-Smith ◽  
Liv Wennerberg ◽  
Joy A. Schembri ◽  
Chinten J. Lim ◽  
Karen L. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Sites

The Effect of Reproduction Biotopes on the Genetic Differentiation of Populations of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vl. A. Brykov ◽  
N. E. Polyakova ◽  
A. V. Podlesnykh ◽  
E. V. Golub’ ◽  
A. P. Golub’ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations

Biochemical Genetic Survey of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 114-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris C. Wood ◽  
Brian E. Riddell ◽  
Dennis T. Rutherford ◽  
Ruth E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
River System ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Genetic Stock Identification ◽  
Spawning Sites

Allozyme variation was examined in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from 83 distinct spawning sites representing all major sockeye-producing river systems in Canada. Of 33 nonselected loci examined, only 14 were highly polymorphic (q > 0.05) and 10 were less polymorphic (0 < q ≤ 0.05). No two populations were fixed for different alleles at any locus, but allele frequencies ranged from 0.01 to 0.86 at PGM-1* and from 0.07 to 0.89 at ALAT*, the two most variable loci. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 2.3 to 5.6% (mean 4.1%) across all sites. Hierarchical analysis was used to partition relative gene diversity among river systems (6.3%), major drainages within a river system (2.9%), nursery lakes within drainages (7.0%), spawning sites within lakes (1.0%), and individuals within spawning sites (82.8%). Extensive differentiation among nursery lakes affords excellent opportunities for genetic stock identification within river systems, but the relatively weak regional structuring limits opportunities for coast-wide stock identification. Genetic variation at highly structured loci corroborates the view that modern populations in Canada originated from sockeye that survived the late Wisconsin Glaciation in the Bering and Columbia refuges, and also suggests the existence of coastal refuges in British Columbia.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River
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