Use of Otolith Microchemistry to Discriminate Oncorhynchus nerka of Resident and Anadromous Origin

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Rieman ◽  
D. L. Myers ◽  
R. L. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Environments

We used a wavelength dispersive microprobe to describe patterns in otolith microchemistry of sockeye salmon (Oncorhyncbus nerka). Patterns in Sr/Ca ratios in transects across otoliths were consistent with changes in environmental chemistry associated with life history. The patterns we observed were consistent with those described for other salmonids. We found that Sr/Ca ratios in otolith primordia of fish of known anadromous origin were significantly higher than those in otolith primordia of fish of known resident origin. However, variation among samples was associated with differences in chemistry of the freshwater environments. These differences could confound attempts to discriminate sympatric resident and anadromous forms in lakes where Sr/Ca ratios are high. Samples used to discriminate origin of emigrants from Redfish Lake, Idaho, confirmed the presence of both resident and anadromous fish, but the two groups were not clearly resolved. Otolith microchemistry has the potential to determine the parental origin of O. nerka and to describe life history patterns, but may not clearly identify all individuals in all lakes. More work is needed to determine the inherent variability among individuals and among populations and to determine the influence that migration, spawning, and incubation environments have on the chemistry of otoliths.

Physiological and Growth Differences in Three Stocks of Underyearling Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on Early Entry into Seawater

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Rice ◽  
Robert E. Thomas ◽  
Adam Moles
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lake Type ◽  
River Type

We compared the impact of exposure to seawater on three sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks: one that normally migrates to sea as underyearlings (sea-type) and two with the more common life history strategies of 1 (river-type) or 2 (lake-type) yr of freshwater residence prior to seaward migration. Innate differences in survival, ability to regulate tissue chlorides, and oxygen consumption when first introduced into salt water were more evident in April and May when fish were less than 50 mm in length. In fish longer than 50 mm, the only significant differences among the stocks were in saltwater growth. Between June and August, sea-type fish showed faster growth than river-type fish which in turn grew faster than lake-type fish. When introduced into salt water in October, virtually no growth occurred in any stock, regardless of fish size. River-type and lake-type sockeye, which normally overwinter 1 and 2 yr, respectively, in freshwater, can be reared in seawater if underyearlings are raised to a length of 50 mm before release into salt water, similar to the normal life history of sea-type underyearlings. Early life history appears to be influenced more by habitat than by genetics.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LIFE HISTORY AND PROPAGATION OF THE SOCKEYE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) AT CULTUS LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA: No. 4. THE LIFE HISTORY CYCLE OF THE 1925 YEAR CLASS WITH NATURAL PROPAGATION

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
R. E. FOERSTER
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spawning Areas

Eggs spawned naturally by 3,883 females in 1925 were estimated as amounting to 17,470,000. Approximately 12,500 fry (0.07% of eggs) migrated to sea in 1926, 183,272 yearlings (1.05%) in 1927, and 1,722 two-year-olds (0.01%) in 1928, making 1.13% in all. Returning fish consisted of no three-year (32 group), 4,463 four-year (42 group), and 1,112 five-year fish (no 52 group, all being of the 53 group). None of the fish was reported returning to other spawning areas.

scholarly journals Genomic changes associated with reproductive and migratory ecotypes in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Veale ◽  
Michael A Russello
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractMechanisms underlying adaptive evolution can best be explored using paired populations displaying similar phenotypic divergence, illuminating the genomic changes associated with specific life history traits. Here we used paired migratory [anadromous vs. resident (kokanee)] and reproductive [shore- vs. stream-spawning] ecotypes of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) sampled from seven lakes and two rivers spanning three catchments (Columbia, Fraser, and Skeena) in British Columbia, Canada to investigate the patterns and processes underlying their divergence. Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing was used to genotype this sampling at 7,347 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 334 of which were identified as outlier loci and candidates for divergent selection within at least one ecotype comparison. Eighty-six of these outliers were present in multiple comparisons, with thirty-three detected across multiple catchments. Of particular note, one locus was detected as the most significant outlier between shore and stream-spawning ecotypes in multiple comparisons and across catchments (Columbia, Fraser and Snake). We also detected several islands of divergence, some shared among comparisons, potentially showing linked signals of differential selection. The SNPs and genomic regions identified in our study offer a range of mechanistic hypotheses associated with the genetic basis of O. nerka life history variation and provide novel tools for informing fisheries management.

Climate and intraspecific competition control the growth and life history of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry B. Rich, ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Mark D. Scheuerell ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gaussian State ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Recent Climate

Recent climate changes have had marked effects on the ice-free season and thermal conditions in many high-latitude lakes, but their ecological effects combine with density-dependent processes to affect fish growth and life history. To better understand the relative roles of climate and intraspecific density, we applied Gaussian state–space models to long-term data (1962–2006) on growth of juvenile sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, USA. Both temperature and density influenced fry size at the end of their first growing season, but the positive effect of temperature exceeded the negative effects of density. Fry growth was affected by the magnitude of their own cohort more strongly than by the previous brood (i.e., yearlings). In contrast, density was more important than temperature in Lake Aleknagik, also in Bristol Bay, over the same period of record, probably because Iliamna Lake is cooler and has generally lower densities of juvenile sockeye salmon than Lake Aleknagik. In both lakes, the size of the fish at the end of the first growing season affects smolt size and age at seaward migration, hence survival at sea and age at maturity, so the relative effects of climate and density depend on the ecological context.

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