Spatial Variation of Crustacean Plankton in Lakes of Different Size

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2626-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Patalas ◽  
A. Salki
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Crustacean Plankton ◽  
Planktonic Crustaceans ◽  
Lake Size ◽  
Central Station ◽  
Lake Sample

The patterns of spatial distribution of planktonic crustaceans changed with increasing lake size. Greatest abundances were often found offshore in smaller lakes but nearshore in larger lakes. Interstation similarity of plankton, measured with Jaccard's and Renkonen's indices, was higher in small- to middle-sized lakes and lower in very small and very large lakes, indicating that mechanisms existed at both ends of the size spectrum which prevented plankton from mixing horizontally. The information content of a single central lake sample was evaluated against a lake average from 9–10 stations. To capture at least 80% of the species present, one station was sufficient only in smaller lakes, three to six stations were needed in the smallest and medium-sized lakes, and more than nine stations were needed in the largest lake. The single central station in small- and medium-sized lakes represented average total plankton abundance and dominant species relatively well but underestimated rare species. In larger lakes, lake average plankton was not well characterized by a single station. In Lake Superior, the central station reflected the offshore but not the nearshore community. Neither plankton abundance nor the number of species appeared related to lake size in the series of lakes investigated.

Effects of Lake Size on Phytoplankton Nutrient Status

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2769-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Guildford ◽  
L. L. Hendzel ◽  
H. J. Kling ◽  
E. J. Fee ◽  
G. G. C. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Water Renewal ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Lake Size ◽  
Total P

Phytoplankton nutrient status measurements (C/P, C/N, C/chlorophyll, N/P, alkaline phosphatase activity, and N debt) were measured for 6 yr in seven remote Canadian Shield lakes. Lakes Nipigon and Superior were also studied for 2 yr. These lakes varied in surface area from 29 to 8.223 × 10 ha, they all stratified fully during the summer and had water renewal times > 5 yr. All lakes were severely P deficient; however, the large lakes (> 2000 ha) were consistently less P deficient than small lakes. A growth-rate indicator (photosynthesis normalized to particulate C) agreed with nutrient status indicators, in that small lakes had lower rates than large lakes. Total P was a good predictor of chlorophyll, but factors related to lake size (temperature and mixed depth) were equally good or better predictors of nutrient status. Decreasing mean water column light intensity could not explain the lower P deficiency of large lakes. The deeper, more energetic mixed layers in large lakes apparently cause P to be recycled more efficiently. Extrapolation of observations or experimental results from small to large lakes requires recognition that phytoplankton in large lakes are less nutrient deficient and may have higher growth rates.

Depth gradients in food-web processes linking habitats in large lakes: Lake Superior as an exemplar ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Sierszen ◽  
Thomas R. Hrabik ◽  
Jason D. Stockwell ◽  
Anne M. Cotter ◽  
Joel C. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Depth Gradients

scholarly journals The size-distribution of Earth’s lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Cael ◽  
D. A. Seekell
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Lake Ecology ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Lake Size

Abstract Globally, there are millions of small lakes, but a small number of large lakes. Most key ecosystem patterns and processes scale with lake size, thus this asymmetry between area and abundance is a fundamental constraint on broad-scale patterns in lake ecology. Nonetheless, descriptions of lake size-distributions are scarce and empirical distributions are rarely evaluated relative to theoretical predictions. Here we develop expectations for Earth’s lake area-distribution based on percolation theory and evaluate these expectations with data from a global lake census. Lake surface areas ≥0.46 km2 are power-law distributed with a tail exponent (τ = 2.14) and fractal dimension (d = 1.4), similar to theoretical expectations (τ = 2.05; d = 4/3). Lakes <0.46 km2 are not power-law distributed. An independently developed regional lake census exhibits a similar transition and consistency with theoretical predictions. Small lakes deviate from the power-law distribution because smaller lakes are more susceptible to dynamical change and topographic behavior at sub-kilometer scales is not self-similar. Our results provide a robust characterization and theoretical explanation for the lake size-abundance relationship, and form a fundamental basis for understanding and predicting patterns in lake ecology at broad scales.

Effects of Lake Size on Phytoplankton Photosynthesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2445-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Fee ◽  
J. A. Shearer ◽  
E. R. DeBruyn ◽  
E. U. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Lake Size ◽  
Phytoplankton Photosynthesis

Phytoplankton photosynthesis (PP) was measured for 6 yr in seven remote Canadian Shield lakes that stratify fully during the summer and have water renewal times > 5 yr but vary from 29 to 34 700 ha; Lakes Nipigon and Superior were also studied in two years. Chlorophyll and PP at optimum light were low in the smallest and largest lakes and increased systematically to values nearly five times higher in midsized lakes (~103 ha). Daily PP per square metre of lake surface and annual PP per cubic metre of the mixed layer also varied in this manner, but annual PP per square metre was high in large lakes (despite their low density rates) because of their long growing seasons. Additional data are needed to determine whether the photosynthesis maximum in midsized lakes is inherently size related or an accidental statistical result. Intraannually, chlorophyll-based photosynthesis parameters ([Formula: see text], αB) were similar in all lake sizes, but interannually they varied by two to three times; this interannual variation was significantly correlated with total rainfall during May and June. Implications for extrapolating experimental results from small to large lakes, selecting lakes for interregional comparison studies and predicting how climatic warming would affect phytoplankton photosynthesis are discussed.

Depth-specific patterns in benthic–planktonic food web relationships in Lake Superior

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Sierszen ◽  
Gregory S Peterson ◽  
Jill V Scharold
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Large Lakes

In an investigation of the spatial characteristics of Laurentian Great Lakes food webs, we examined the trophic relationship between benthic amphipods (Diporeia) and plankton in Lake Superior. We analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of Diporeia and plankton at stations in water column depths of 4–300 m. Neither δ15N nor δ13C of plankton from the upper 50 m of the water column varied significantly with station depth. Diporeia isotope ratios exhibited depth-specific patterns reflecting changes in food sources and food web relationships with plankton. Diporeia was 13C enriched at station depths of <40 m, reflecting increased dietary importance of benthic algae. There was a systematic increase in Diporeia δ15N with depth, which appeared to result from a combination of dietary shifts in the nearshore and decompositional changes in Diporeia's principal food, sedimented plankton, in deep habitats. Diporeia δ13C and δ15N together described changes in food web isotope baseline with depth. They also discriminated three depth strata representing photic, mid-depth, and profundal zones. These findings have implications for our understanding of Great Lakes food webs and analyses of trophic position within them, the ecology of zoobenthos and plankton communities, and sampling designs for large lakes.

Blowin’ in the wind: reciprocal airborne carbon fluxes between lakes and land This paper is based on the J.C. Stevenson Memorial Lecture presented at the Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research (CCFFR) in Ottawa, Ontario, 9–11 January 2009.

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jake Vander Zanden ◽  
Claudio Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Insect Emergence ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Size ◽  
Lake Size

Ecologists are increasingly interested in how disjunct habitats are connected through the cross-habitat movement of matter, prey, nutrients, and detritus and the implications for recipient systems. The study of lake ecosystems has been dominated by the study of pelagic (open-water) production and processes, though there is growing awareness of the role of terrestrial inputs and benthic trophic pathways. Here, we review the phenomena of airborne fluxes to and from lakes. We assemble published data on terrestrial particulate organic carbon (TPOC) deposition to lakes, insect production, and insect emergence and use these data to simulate how airborne lake-to-land and land-to-lake carbon flux is expected to scale with ecosystem size, while taking into account among-lake variability in emergence and TPOC deposition. Emergent insect flux to land increases as a function of lake size, while TPOC deposition to lakes decreases as a function of lake size. TPOC deposition exceeds insect emergence in small lakes, while in large lakes, insect emergence exceeds TPOC deposition. We present a general framework for considering directional fluxes across habitat boundaries. Furthermore, our results highlight the overarching role of ecosystem geometry in determining insect emergence, airborne carbon deposition, and net carbon flux between adjacent ecosystems.

Effects of Lake Size on Nutrient Availability in the Mixed Layer during Summer Stratification

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2756-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Fee ◽  
R. E. Hecky ◽  
G. W. Regehr ◽  
L. L. Hendzel ◽  
P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Nutrient Regeneration ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Lake Size

Fluxes to the summer mixed layer of N, Si, and P were estimated in a size series of northwestern Ontario Canadian Shield lakes. Increasing turbulence caused upward fluxes through the thermocline to increase with lake size for nutrients that increased in concentration below the thermocline (soluble reactive Si, total inorganic N, and NO3−; but not total N or any form of P). Precipitation and terrestrial runoff were equally important sources of N and P in all but very small lakes (< 100 ha), where precipitation supplied much more than runoff. Runoff was the only important source of Si, except in very large lakes (> 100 000 ha) where mixing through the thermocline was important. N2-fixation was unimportant except in intermediate-sized fakes (700–2000 ha). Si fluxes nearly equaled phytoplankton requirements, but N and P were below requirements, and recycling within the mixed layer must be the most important source of these nutrients. N and P deficits increased progressively with lake size, implying that the efficiency of nutrient recycling increased with lake size; mixed layers in large lakes are more turbulent and thicker than in small lakes and these processes increase the probability of nutrient regeneration within the mixed layer.

Soft-bottom crustacean species from Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey, with a new alien decapod

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213-1227
Author(s):  
Alper Doğan ◽  
Kerem Bakir ◽  
Fevzi̇ Kirkim ◽  
Tuncer Katağan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
Izmir Bay ◽  
Single Station ◽  
De Man ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
First Time

The soft-bottom crustacean fauna from Izmir Bay was studied semi-annually between September 2014 and April 2016. Benthic samples were collected by means of a Van Veen grab, sampling ca. 0.1 m2 area, at 4 stations in the inner (3 stations) and middle (a single station) parts of the bay. Forty-one species and 999 individuals belonging to seven crustacean orders (Sessilia, Mysida, Amphipoda, Cumacea, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Decapoda) were identified. Amphipoda were represented with the highest number of species (21 species) followed by Isopoda (7) and Decapoda (6). Among the species encountered, Phtisica marina was the most dominant species with an average 90.6 individuals (27.22% of the total number of individuals) while Iphinoe douniae was the most frequent species (occurring in 50% of the samples). Eurycarcinus integrifrons De Man, 1879 is an alien decapod herein reported for the first time from the Aegean Sea.

scholarly journals Methane paradox in tropical lakes? Sedimentary fluxes rather than water column production in oxic waters sustain methanotrophy and emissions to the atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Morana ◽  
Steven Bouillon ◽  
Vimac Nolla-Ardèvol ◽  
Fleur A. E. Roland ◽  
William Okello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Tropical Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Lake Size ◽  
Sunlight Intensity

Abstract. Despite growing evidence that methane (CH4) formation could also occur in well-oxygenated surface freshwaters, its significance at the ecosystem scale is uncertain. Empirical models based on data gathered at high latitude predict that the contribution of oxic CH4 increases with lake size and should represent the majority of CH4 emissions in large lakes. However, such predictive models could not directly apply to tropical lakes which differ from their temperate counterparts in some fundamental characteristics, such as year-round elevated water temperature. We conducted stable isotope tracer experiments which revealed that oxic CH4 production is closely related to phytoplankton metabolism, and is a common feature in five contrasting African lakes. Nevertheless, methanotrophic activity in surface waters and CH4 emissions to the atmosphere were predominantly fuelled by CH4 generated in sediments and physically transported to the surface. Indeed, measured CH4 bubble dissolution flux and diffusive benthic CH4 flux were several orders of magnitude higher than CH4 production in surface waters. Microbial CH4 consumption dramatically decreased with increasing sunlight intensity, suggesting that the freshwater CH4 paradox might be also partly explained by photo-inhibition of CH4 oxidizers in the illuminated zone. Sunlight appeared as an overlooked but important factor determining the CH4 dynamics in surface waters, directly affecting its production by photoautotrophs and consumption by methanotrophs.

scholarly journals Quantitative reconstruction of precipitation changes on the NE Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum – extending the concept of pollen source area to pollen-based climate reconstructions from large lakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
U. Herzschuh ◽  
L. S. Shumilovskikh ◽  
S. Mischke ◽  
H. J. B. Birks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Lake Size

Abstract. Pollen records from large lakes have been used for quantitative palaeoclimate reconstruction, but the influences that lake size (as a result of species-specific variations in pollen dispersal patterns that smaller pollen grains are more easily transported to lake centre) and taphonomy have on these climatic signals have not previously been systematically investigated. We introduce the concept of pollen source area to pollen-based climate calibration using the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau as our study area. We present a pollen data set collected from large lakes in the arid to semi-arid region of central Asia. The influences that lake size and the inferred pollen source areas have on pollen compositions have been investigated through comparisons with pollen assemblages in neighbouring lakes of various sizes. Modern pollen samples collected from different parts of Lake Donggi Cona (in the north-eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau) reveal variations in pollen assemblages within this large lake, which are interpreted in terms of the species-specific dispersal and depositional patterns for different types of pollen, and in terms of fluvial input components. We have estimated the pollen source area for each lake individually and used this information to infer modern climate data with which to then develop a modern calibration data set, using both the multivariate regression tree (MRT) and weighted-averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) approaches. Fossil pollen data from Lake Donggi Cona have been used to reconstruct the climate history of the north-eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The mean annual precipitation was quantitatively reconstructed using WA-PLS: extremely dry conditions are found to have dominated the LGM, with annual precipitation of around 100 mm, which is only 32% of present-day precipitation. A gradually increasing trend in moisture conditions during the Late Glacial is terminated by an abrupt reversion to a dry phase that lasts for about 1000 yr and coincides with "Heinrich event 1" in the North Atlantic region. Subsequent periods corresponding to the Bølling/Allerød interstadial, with annual precipitation (Pann) of about 350 mm, and the Younger Dryas event (about 270 mm Pann) are followed by moist conditions in the early Holocene, with annual precipitation of up to 400 mm. A drier trend after 9 cal. ka BP is followed by a second wet phase in the middle Holocene, lasting until 4.5 cal. ka BP. Relatively steady conditions with only slight fluctuations then dominate the late Holocene, resulting in the present climatic conditions. The climate changes since the LGM have been primarily driven by deglaciation and fluctuations in the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon that resulted from changes in the Northern Hemisphere summer solar insolation, as well as from changes in the North Atlantic climate through variations in the circulation patterns and intensity of the westerlies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document