Maternal Transfer of Organochlorine Compounds in Salmonines to Their Eggs

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Organochlorine Compound ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Total Concentrations

To investigate relationships between the concentrations of lipophilic organochlorine compounds in salmonine fish and their eggs and the role of lipids in maternal transfer of these compounds, muscle tissue and fertilized eggs from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were analyzed using gas chromatography. The concentrations of organochlorine compounds in the muscle tissue of the gravid fish were significantly correlated with the concentration of these compounds in the eggs (P < 0.01). Egg lipid concentrations were species specific, poorly correlated with muscle tissue lipid concentration, and did not appear to influence organochlorine compound transfer to the eggs. Total concentrations of PCBs and p,p′-DDE concentrations in chinook salmon eggs and total concentrations of PCBs, p,p′-DDE, and dieldrin in lake trout eggs were significantly correlated with the concentrations of these compounds in the muscle tissue of the gravid fish. Consequently, spatial differences or temporal changes in the concentrations of lipophilic compounds in chinook salmon or lake trout may significantly influence the concentrations of these compounds in their eggs.

A spatially explicit bioenergetics measure of habitat quality for adult salmonines: Comparison between Lakes Michigan and Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1572-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doran M. Mason ◽  
Andrew Goyke ◽  
Stephen B. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Species Specific

We used spatially explicit modeling to compare habitat quality for chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, in Lakes Michigan and Ontario. This grid-based approach predicts a predator's physiological growth response, growth rate potential, from measured physical and biological environmental conditions and is a species-specific measure of habitat quality. Underwater acoustics was used to map prey spatial distributions, abundances, and sizes. A foraging model defined predator consumption rates from prey data. A bioenergetics model calculated growth rate potential based on consumption rates and prevailing thermal conditions. We compared habitat quality between lakes using both the mean growth rate potential and the volume (or proportion) of water capable of supporting positive growth rates. Mean growth rate potential for both chinook salmon and lake trout was similar between the lakes despite known differenes in the prey species composition and abundance. However, Lake Michigan provided a greater volume of water capable of supporting growth for both chinook salmon (26%) and lake trout (21%) compared with that for Lake Ontario (19% for both species). Our measure of habitat quality based on species-specific physiological requirements should provide a tool to compare ecosystems and quantify ecosystem change.

Genetic variation in carotenoid pigment deposition in the red-fleshed and white-fleshed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of Quesnel River, British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Carotenoid Pigment ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Threshold Trait

Inheritance of the ability to deposit coloured dietary carotenoid pigments in muscle tissue was examined in 16 seapen-reared families of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Quesnel River, British Columbia. The progeny red:white ratio varied significantly among families in two sample periods but not between sample periods for individual families. There was no difference between the sexes in proportions of red and white individuals. Total carotenoid extraction of muscle tissue samples from 152 progeny revealed that white individuals contained less carotenoid per gram of tissue (0.24 ± 0.04 μg) than did red ones (3.37 ± 0.14 μg). Estimates of the heritability of flesh colour, when treated as a threshold trait, were 0.93 (sire component) and 0.71 (dam component). A genetic model that invokes two genetic loci, each with two alleles, was proposed to explain the inheritance of flesh colour in Quesnel River chinook salmon. At each locus, one copy of a "red-determining" allele is required for coloured carotenoid pigments to be deposited in muscle tissue. The anomalous red:white ratios among the progeny of one male parent could not be accounted for by tetrasomy or pseudolinkage in conjunction with the proposed model.Key words: Oncorhynchus, salmon, carotenoids, heritability.

Endohelminths of salmonids from two localities in eastern Lake Michigan, with emphasis on Echinorhynchus salmonis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Adult salmonids (101 chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; 7 coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch; 56 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush; 6 steelhead, Salmo gairdneri; and 2 brown trout, Salmo trutta) were collected from eastern Lake Michigan (Ludington and Manistee, Michigan) in July–September 1986, and examined for helminths. Eight species (three Cestoda, three Nematoda, two Acanthocephala) were found in the digestive tract and other viscera. Echinorhynchus salmonis and Eubothrium salvelini were the most common helminths found. The intensity of E. salmonis significantly increased as chinook salmon became older and longer.

Rates of straying by hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) differ among species, life history types, and populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A.H. Westley ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Andrew H. Dittman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Stream Type

Here we ask whether straying differs among species, life history types, and populations of adult hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Columbia River basin. Previous estimates of straying have been confounded by various factors influencing the probability of individuals returning to non-natal sites (e.g., off-station releases), whereas analyses undertaken here of nearly a quarter million coded-wire tag recoveries control for these factors. Our results revealed large and generally consistent differences in the propensity to stray among species, life history types within species, and populations. Paired releases indicated that (i) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) strayed more (mean population range 0.11%–34.6%) than coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (0.08%–0.94%); (ii) ocean-type Chinook (5.2%–18.6%) strayed more than stream-type Chinook (0.11%–10%); and Chinook salmon (0.90%–54.9%) strayed more than steelhead (0.30%–2.3%). We conclude these patterns are largely the result of species-specific behavioral and endocrine factors during the juvenile life stages, but analyses also suggest that environmental factors can influence straying during the adult upstream migration.

Systematic hexamitid (Protozoa: Diplomonadida) Infection in seawater pen-reared Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Kent ◽  
J Ellis ◽  
JW Fournie ◽  
SC Dawe ◽  
JW Bagshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha

scholarly journals Managed Wetlands Can Benefit Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Tidal Marsh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Aha ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Nann A. Fangue ◽  
Andrew L. Rypel ◽  
John R. Durand
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

AbstractLoss of estuarine and coastal habitats worldwide has reduced nursery habitat and function for diverse fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Underutilized off-channel habitats such as flooded rice fields and managed ponds present opportunities for improving rearing conditions and increasing habitat diversity along migratory corridors. While experiments in rice fields have shown enhanced growth rates of juvenile fishes, managed ponds are less studied. To evaluate the potential of these ponds as a nursery habitat, juvenile Chinook salmon (~ 2.8 g, 63 mm FL) were reared in cages in four contrasting locations within Suisun Marsh, a large wetland in the San Francisco Estuary. The locations included a natural tidal slough, a leveed tidal slough, and the inlet and outlet of a tidally muted managed pond established for waterfowl hunting. Fish growth rates differed significantly among locations, with the fastest growth occurring near the outlet in the managed pond. High zooplankton biomass at the managed pond outlet was the best correlate of salmon growth. Water temperatures in the managed pond were also cooler and less variable compared to sloughs, reducing thermal stress. The stress of low dissolved oxygen concentrations within the managed pond was likely mediated by high concentrations of zooplankton and favorable temperatures. Our findings suggest that muted tidal habitats in the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere could be managed to promote growth and survival of juvenile salmon and other native fishes.

Analysis of straying variation in Alaskan hatchery chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
William R Heard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Substantial Variation

In 1976 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gametes from the Chickamin and Unuk rivers in southeastern Alaska were transplanted 250 km to establish hatchery runs at Little Port Walter (LPW), Baranof Island. From 1977 to 1989, 1 862 058 marked smolts from 12 broods were released from LPW. Homing and straying were estimated from adult recoveries at 25 locations in Alaska and British Columbia between 1981 and 1989. Of 22 198 LPW fish recovered over this period, 21 934 (98.8%) were collected at LPW. Of 264 fish recovered elsewhere, 38.3% were within 7 km of LPW; 64.4% were within 25 km of LPW. No LPW fish were recovered from the ancestral rivers, but nine fish were recovered from rivers supporting wild chinook salmon. Straying declined with distance from the release site but varied between hatcheries and streams. Straying declined with increasing age and run size. Straying was similar between the populations but varied among broods, and analysis of straying in experimental groups provided evidence for a heritable component. Males strayed more often than females. Population, gender, run size, and recovery age interacted to produce substantial variation in straying, indicating that run composition can produce complex straying responses.

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