Chemical Responses of Acidic Lakes in the Sudbury, Ontario, Area to Reduced Smelter Emissions, 1981–89

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Keller ◽  
J. Roger Pitblado ◽  
J. Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Sulphur Emissions ◽  
Aquatic Acidification ◽  
Smelter Emissions

Monitoring of acidic lakes in the Sudbury, Ontario, area showed that general changes in water quality (increases in pH and acid-neutralizing capacity; decreases in concentrations of SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al, and Mn) have continued through the mid-1980's, following substantial reductions in sulphur emissions from area smelters in the late 1970's. By the late 1980's, these trends had levelled off, or even reversed in some lakes. No general, temporal trends were evident during the 1980's for concentrations of Cu, Ni, or Zn, metals directly associated with the smelter emissions. The widespread water quality improvements seen in lakes of the Sudbury area provide very strong support for the use of source controls to combat aquatic acidification. However, the fact that many Sudbury area lakes are still highly acidic and metal contaminated demonstrates that additional emission controls, which are being implemented, are essential in this region.

Water quality improvements in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada area related to reduced smelter emissions

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Keller ◽  
J. Roger Pitblado ◽  
N. I. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Smelter Emissions

Short-Term Changes in the Acid/Base Chemistry of Two Acidic Lakes Following Calcium Carbonate Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Fordham ◽  
C. T. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Initial Perturbation ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Rapid Dissolution ◽  
Additional Release ◽  
Woods Lake

Woods Lake and Cranberry Pond, two chronically acidic lakes located in the Adirondack region of New York, USA, were intensively monitored following CaCO3 treatment in May 1985 to evaluate the mechanisms controlling short-term changes in water column chemistry. Immediately following base application (24 h), both lakes responded like systems closed to atmospheric CO2, because the dissolution of very small CaCO3 particles (median diameter 2 μm) exceeded the rate of atmospheric CO2 intrusion. Rapid dissolution of CaCO3 coupled with very low concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) prior to treatment, resulted in pH increases in the upper mixed waters from 4.9 to 9.4 in Woods Lake and from 4.6 to 9.1 in Cranberry Pond, as waters readily became saturated with CaCO3. pH increases were accompanied by stoichiometric increases in dissolved Ca2+, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and DIC. Following this initial perturbation, the upper mixed waters equilibrated with atmospheric CO2 over a 4 wk period, facilitating additional release of dissolved Ca2+ and ANC due to dissolution of suspended CaCO3. The amount of CaCO3 that dissolved during the 4 wk immediately following treatment, calculated from Ca2+ budgets, was very high; 86% in Woods Lake and 79% in Cranberry Pond.

Recovery from acidification in Nova Scotia: temporal trends and critical loads for 20 headwater lakes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Whitfield ◽  
J Aherne ◽  
S A Watmough ◽  
P J Dillon ◽  
T A Clair
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Fab Model ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
S Deposition ◽  
Critical Load Exceedance

The chemical response of 20 headwater lakes in Nova Scotia to reduced acid deposition was investigated using trend analysis, and the need for further reductions was assessed using two steady-state, critical load models. Significant decreases were observed in the concentration of nonmarine sulphate (SO42–) and hydrogen (H+) at four wet deposition monitoring stations across Atlantic Canada since 1984. Dominant trends in surface water were decreasing SO42– concentrations, with little improvement in alkalinity and H+. Based on the Steady State Water Chemistry (SSWC) and First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) models, and using a critical chemical limit for acid-neutralizing capacity of 20 µmolc·L–1, critical load is exceeded at 9 and 13 of the 20 study lakes, respectively. Application of the SSWC model suggests that sulphur (S) deposition must be reduced by 37.3 mmolc·m–2·year–1 from 1997 levels to prevent critical load exceedance at 95% of the study lakes. Using the FAB model, the minimum reductions in nitrogen and S deposition necessary to protect 95% of the study lakes are 32.7 and 42.1 mmolc·m–2·year–1, respectively. Additional reductions beyond those proposed for 2030 are required to minimize critical load exceedance and promote recovery in alkalinity and pH of surface waters at the study catchments.

Estimated Impacts of SO2 Emissions from Sudbury Smelters on Ontario's Sportfish Populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Matuszek ◽  
Donna L. Wales ◽  
John M. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Local Impacts

Impacts of acidification on the major sportfish species in Ontario (lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), brook trout (S. fontinalis), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)) were estimated from the results of extensive water quality surveys conducted during the period 1978–85. Local impacts, within the 17 000 km2 area most affected by emissions from Sudbury smelters, were also estimated and compared with the provincial values. The estimated numbers of acidic lakes in Ontario in which viable sportfish populations have disappeared were 119 lake trout lakes (5.1% of known lake trout lakes), 34 brook trout lakes (1.6%), 52 smallmouth bass lakes (2.2%), and 14 walleye lakes (0.3%). Most of these affected lakes were in the Sudbury zone, where fish populations, particularly those of lake trout, began declining more than 30 yr ago. The estimated numbers of critically acidic lakes in the Sudbury zone were 94 lake trout lakes, 14 brook trout lakes, 18 smallmouth bass lakes, and 7 walleye lakes. More recent sampling of a subset of Sudbury lakes indicated that substantial water quality improvements have occurred as a result of emission reductions from Sudbury smelters.

Evaluation of Hemidesmus indicus root as an antacid by In vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4524
Author(s):  
Abdullah Shaikh Farooque ◽  
Md. Azharuddin Ismail Atar*
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hemidesmus Indicus ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Powdered Drug

Medicinal plants are being widely used, either as single drug or in combination in health care delivery system. Indian Sarsaparilla, Hemidesmus indicus (Family: Asclepiadaceae) is a commonly known Indian Medicinal Plant, which is widely recognized in traditional systems of Medicine. It contains various phytoconstituents belonging to the category glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and volatile oils. It has been reported as useful in biliousness, blood diseases, dysentery, diarrhea, respiratory disorders, skin diseases, syphilis, fever, leprosy, leucoderma, leucorrhoea, itching, bronchitis, asthma, eye diseases, epileptic fits in children, kidney and urinary disorders, loss of appetite, burning sensation, dyspepsia, nutritional disorders, ulcer and rheumatism. Several studies are being carried towards its activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and helicobactericidal properties. In our study we have evaluated antacid activity of sariva (Anantmool) by using In-Vitro method, i.e. ANC (Acid Neutralizing Capacity). This evaluation was done by comparing the ANC of sariva macerated & powdered drug with water as blank & standard drug i.e. NaHCO3. Based on this In-Vitro experiment, we can conclude that, the macerated & powdered drug of sariva (Anantmool) evaluated in this study, varied in potency as measured in terms of their ANC. These results having ** i.e. P < 0.01 & Passed the normality test. However, the present study being in-vitro, the effects of antacid may vary In-Vitro; individual variations also contribute to the ultimate effectiveness of as antacid.        

scholarly journals Declining bacteria, lead, and sulphate, and rising pH and oxygen in the lower Mississippi River

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eugene Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractVarious air and water pollution issues in the US were confronted in the last 60 years using national policy legislation, notably the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. I examine changes in the concentrations of bacteria, oxygen, lead, and sulphate at the terminus of the Mississippi River before and after these pollution abatement efforts. Microbial concentrations increased or were stable from 1909 to 1980 but decreased about 3 orders of magnitude after the 1970s, while the average oxygen content increased. A large decline in lead concentration occurred after the 1960s, along with a less dramatic decline in sulphate concentrations. The pH of the river dropped to a low of 5.8 in 1965 as sulfur dioxide emissions peaked and averaged 8.2 in 2019 after emissions declined. Decades of efforts at a national scale created water quality improvements and are an example for addressing new and existing water quality challenges.

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