Dynamic Model of the Flux of Domoic Acid, a Neurotoxin, through a Mytilus edulis Population

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Silvert ◽  
D. V. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Mussel Tissue ◽  
Physiological Feedback ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

A one-compartment computer simulation model was developed to quantify and characterize the accumulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Cardigan Bay, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Comparison of simulation results with field abundances of Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries Hasle, a diatom implicated in the production of domoic acid, and with measurements of domoic acid within Nitzschia cells indicates that the rate of accumulation of domoic acid in mussel tissue during peak bloom conditions may involve unexpected physiological feedback processes. At extremely high concentrations of toxin (> 300 ppm) observed in toxic Mytilus episodes off eastern Prince Edward Island in 1987 during the peak of Nitzschia bloom, the depuration of domoic acid seemed to be suppressed; this may have been responsible for the observed abnormal buildup of toxin in the mussels. In 1989 the amount of domoic acid produced by N. pungens was slightly lower, but the levels of domoic acid in Mytilus were much less than in 1987. These results suggest that a crucial factor in prediction of high levels of domoic acid in mussels may be identification of changes in their physiology and metabolism which suppress depuration rates.

Relationship between domoic acid levels in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and toxicity in mice

Toxicon ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Grimmelt ◽  
M.S. Nijjar ◽  
Jennifer Brown ◽  
Neil Macnair ◽  
Sandy Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Blue Mussel

Depuration of Domoic Acid from Live Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Novaczek ◽  
M. S. Madhyastha ◽  
R. F. Ablett ◽  
A. Donald ◽  
G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Depuration Rate

Industrial depuration may provide a means of removing domoic acid toxin from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Mussels containing up to 50 μg domoic acid∙g−1 were transported from a Prince Edward Island estuary into controlled laboratory conditions to test the effects of temperature, salinity, mussel size, and feeding upon depuration. Fifty percent of toxin was eliminated within 24 h. After 72 h, mussels were either clean or contained, on average, only residual levels of toxin (< 5 μg∙g−1), regardless of conditions. Exponential depuration curves were fitted to the domoic acid concentration data. To evaluate differences in rate of depuration under various conditions, statistical comparisons were made between slopes of the clearance curves. Rates of depuration were faster in small (45–55 mm) than in large mussels (60–70 mm) and more rapid at 11 than at 6 °C. There was no significant difference in depuration rate at 18‰ salinity as opposed to 28‰ or in starved versus fed mussels. Because of their relatively large digestive glands, meats of small mussels contained more toxin per unit weight than meats of large mussels. The bulk of domoic acid appeared to reside in the gut lumen. However, the presence of small amounts of domoic acid in intracellular compartments cannot be ruled out.

Postconsumption domoic acid generation by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries as a factor in depuration models

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Acid Generation

A theoretical analysis of the clearance of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) from molluscan shellfish, notably the blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ), indicated that the depuration simulation did not account for the maximum accumulation of DA nor for the failure to eliminate all of the DA from the mussels in the anticipated time. Subsequent examination of relatively young, neurotoxin-producing cells of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries concentrated 8.5- to 10-fold and reincubated in the dark, however, showed significant amounts of DA were produced within the first 24 h of incubation. The possible production of DA, after ingestion, could generate an additional contribution to the toxin burden in the mollusc, which, when included in the depuration simulation, would explain part or all of the observed disparity in the depuration experiment.

Detection of Genotoxins in the Aquatic Environment with the Mussel Mytilus Edulis

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Wrisberg ◽  
R. Rhemrev
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Contaminated Sediment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mussel Tissue ◽  
Biomonitoring Tool ◽  
Genotoxicity Tests

The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis is often used in marine biomonitoring programs. In this paper two different genotoxicity tests are considered as possible indicators for genotoxic pollution in the marine environment. One is focusing on micronucleus (MN) analysis in the blood cells of mussels and the other on the detection of DNA-adducts in the whole mussel tissue. The induction of MN has been studied in short-term laboratory experiments, during which mussels were exposed to standard genotoxins or waste water. Both genotoxicity tests have been applied in a study where mussels were exposed to contaminated sediment under controlled mesocosm conditions. These studies indicate that the MN mussel test may be used as a sensitive indicator of genotoxic pollution, although the inducibility of MN in the blood cells appears to be limited and to some extent seasonally dependent. The detection of DNA-adducts is still under development, but the preliminary result seems promising for its application as a biomonitoring tool.

A model of aquaculture biodeposition for multiple estuaries and field validation at blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) culture sites in eastern Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Grant ◽  
Peter Cranford ◽  
Barry Hargrave ◽  
Michel Carreau ◽  
Bryan Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tidal Prism ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Sediment Trapping ◽  
Tidal Flushing ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Term Field

Development of mariculture in Canadian waters has outpaced the ability of regulators to adequately assess environmental impacts and coexistence with other resource users. In eastern Canada, suspended longline culture of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) leads to depletion of seston and subsequent biodeposition of feces and pseudofeces. Based on the need to evaluate aquaculture effects over multiple farms, a model was developed to compare the rate of mussel egestion with the scale of culture and tidal flushing of particulate waste from estuarine waters. Egestion was calculated using a bioenergetic submodel, and tidal flushing was determined with a tidal prism method. A short-term field program of particle sensing and sediment trapping was undertaken in Tracadie Bay and Savage Harbour (Prince Edward Island) to examine model assumptions and for validation. A finite element model was used to verify tidal prism calculations. Expressing model output as sedimentation rate, predicted biodeposition in Tracadie Bay was less than that estimated from field results but within the range of estuary-wide variation. In Savage Harbour, the egestion model overestimated biodeposition, likely because culture density on leased areas was sparse. A ranking of sites based on susceptibility to culture impacts was devised for multiple culture sites.

scholarly journals Differential Segregation Patterns of Sperm Mitochondria in Embryos of the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-894
Author(s):  
Liqin Cao ◽  
Ellen Kenchington ◽  
Eleftherios Zouros
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Male Gonad ◽  
Doubly Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Mitotracker Green

Abstract In Mytilus, females carry predominantly maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) but males carry maternal mtDNA in their somatic tissues and paternal mtDNA in their gonads. This phenomenon, known as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mtDNA, presents a major departure from the uniparental transmission of organelle genomes. Eggs of Mytilus edulis from females that produce exclusively daughters and from females that produce mostly sons were fertilized with sperm stained with MitoTracker Green FM, allowing observation of sperm mitochondria in the embryo by epifluorescent and confocal microscopy. In embryos from females that produce only daughters, sperm mitochondria are randomly dispersed among blastomeres. In embryos from females that produce mostly sons, sperm mitochondria tend to aggregate and end up in one blastomere in the two- and four-cell stages. We postulate that the aggregate eventually ends up in the first germ cells, thus accounting for the presence of paternal mtDNA in the male gonad. This is the first evidence for different behaviors of sperm mitochondria in developing embryos that may explain the tight linkage between gender and inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA in species with DUI.

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