Population and Community Patterns of Invertebrate Drift in an Unregulated Coastal Plain River

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Benke ◽  
Keith A. Parsons ◽  
Sunita M. Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Community Patterns ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Ogeechee River

Drifting invertebrates were sampled monthly during postdusk hours for 2 yr in the Ogeechee River, a sixth-order river in the southeastern United States. Drift quantities were among the highest reported in the literature, with mean biomass varying from 2.41 to 2.46 mg dry mass/m3 between years and mean density from 20.4 to 22.8 individuals/m3. Major contributors to drift biomass were Ephemeroptera (30.3%), Coleoptera (25.1%), Plecoptera (16.6%), and Trichoptera (14.5%). Taxon-specific seasonal patterns of drift biomass for several mayflies (Ephemerellidae and Isonychia) and the dominant stonefly (Perlesta placida) resulted in biomass peaks in winter – early spring. Caddisflies (mostly Hydropsychidae and Chimarra) and beetles (Elmidae and Gyrinidae) complemented the mayfly–stonefly pattern with highest values in late spring – summer. These seasonal patterns coincided with standing stock biomass patterns on submerged wood (snags), their preferred habitat. Drift values were about 5.7 times higher in the Ogeechee than in another Coastal Plain river having only one fifth the amount of snags, suggesting a relationship between habitat abundance and drift. Percentages of snag-dwelling insects found in drift were substantially higher (0.1 to > 1%) than is generally found for smaller streams, indicating drift distances and times much greater than previously shown.

Wood Dynamics in Coastal Plain Blackwater Streams

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Benke ◽  
J. Bruce Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Sixth Order ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
River Continuum ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forests ◽  
Ogeechee River

We quantified woody debris in the river swamps of the sixth order Ogeechee River and several smaller tributaries in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern USA, compared swamp wood with woody debris in the channel, and studied wood movement in the swamp and main channel over 20 mo. Woody debris in the Ogeechee River swamps was relatively low (0.362–0.880 kg ash-free dry mass (AFDM)/m2) in comparison to several mixed temperate deciduous forests. Similarly, wood in the tributary swamps was low (mean = 0.82 kg AFDM/m2), and there were no trends along the river continuum. Wood in the channels of both the Ogeechee (6.46 kg AFDM/m2) and a fourth order tributary (2.24 kg AFDM/m2) were significantly higher than found in their adjacent floodplains. Woody debris appeared to increase in stream channels from smaller tributaries to the sixth order river, opposite of that observed in other river systems. Tagging of logs showed that only 17% of wood in the Ogeechee channel had moved after 3 major floods, much less than in the swamps (21–84%). The abundance and stability of woody debris in the main channel allows it to be a major habitat type and source of food for both riverine invertebrates and fishes. The fate of most swamp wood appears to be decomposition and fragmentation, rather than import to the river channel.

The influence of an ecosystem-level manipulation on prey consumption by a lotic dragonfly

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Wallace ◽  
T. F. Cuffney ◽  
C. C. Lay ◽  
D. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Reference Stream ◽  
Invertebrate Biomass

Pesticide application to a small headwater stream (treatment stream) resulted in massive invertebrate drift and altered community structure with respect to both biomasses and densities. The community changed from one dominated by insects to one of primarily noninsects. Insects represented 71 to 78% of total abundance and about 95% of total biomass in an adjacent reference stream during 2 years of study. During the initial treatment year, insects, mainly Chironomidae, composed less than 20% of total invertebrate biomass (<10% of abundance) in litterbags in the treatment stream. Within 2 years of the initial disturbance, invertebrate biomass in the treatment stream was again dominated by insects (90% of total) although insects represented only 36% of total abundance. Lanthus vernalis Carle (Odonata: Gomphidae) was among the insect taxa least affected by the treatment. Diets of larval Lanthus (gut analyses) reflected changes in community structure within the treatment stream, with insects representing only 13% of the prey during the initial treatment year and more than 82% during the 2nd year of recovery. In contrast, Lanthus in the reference stream consumed primarily insects (73 to 78%) in both years. These data indicate that generalist predators such as Lanthus can readily shift to alternative prey when confronted by massive changes in community structure. The results suggest that this disturbance reduced the abundance of the more profitable prey to a level where less profitable prey increased in the diet. Following the disturbance, Lanthus consumption reflected the recovery of more profitable prey in the environment. Secondary production of Lanthus approached 27% of average standing stock biomass of invertebrates in litterbags in each stream and, based on literature values for bioenergetic efficiencies, Lanthus consumed about 65% of the average standing stock biomass of invertebrates. Total consumption necessary to support production of all invertebrate predators may exceed the average standing stock prey biomass by 2.5 to 2.7 times. However, when prey turnover is considered, the potential impact of this predation on invertebrate community structure may be quite modest.

scholarly journals Stable Isotope Analysis and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Crustacean Zooplankton: The Role of Size and Seasonality

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Piscia ◽  
Michela Mazzoni ◽  
Roberta Bettinetti ◽  
Rossana Caroni ◽  
Davide Cicala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Stock Biomass

Zooplankton is crucial for the transfer of matter, energy, and pollutants through aquatic food webs. Primary and secondary consumers contribute to the abundance and standing stock biomass, which both vary seasonally. By means of taxa- and size-specific carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis, the path of pollutants through zooplankton is traced and seasonal changes are addressed, in an effort to understand pollutant dynamics in the pelagic food web. We analyzed zooplankton plurennial changes in concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its relatives (DDTs) and in taxa-specific δ15N signatures in two size fractions, ≥450 µm and ≥850 µm, representative of the major part of zooplankton standing stock biomass and of the fraction to which fish predation is mainly directed, respectively. Our work is aimed at verifying: (1) A link between nitrogen isotopic signatures and pollutant concentrations; (2) the predominance of size versus seasonality for concentration of pollutants; and (3) the contribution of secondary versus primary consumers to carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures. We found a prevalence of seasonality versus size in pollutant concentrations and isotopic signatures. The taxa-specific δ15N results correlated to pollutant concentrations, by means of taxa contribution to standing stock biomass and δ15N isotopic signatures. This is a step forward to understanding the taxa-specific role in pollutant transfer to planktivores and of zooplankton enrichment in PCBs and DDTs.

scholarly journals The influence of eutrophication and population biomass on common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) growth — the Lake Constance example revisited

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Thomas ◽  
Reiner Eckmann
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lake Constance ◽  
Coregonus Lavaretus ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
The Impact

Accelerated growth of freshwater fish during anthropogenic eutrophication has been attributed almost exclusively to the increased nutrient content, while density-dependent effects have been largely neglected. We evaluated the relative importance of these factors by studying the growth of 43 consecutive year classes of common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from Upper Lake Constance. This prealpine lake underwent eutrophication from the 1950s to 1970s, followed by reoligotrophication. Because whitefish are harvested with gill nets in a strongly size-selective way, we used back-calculated lengths of average fast-growing fish to compare growth among cohorts. Standing stock biomass was estimated based upon virtual year-class strengths. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that growth of whitefish during their second year was most strongly related to standing stock biomass followed by PO4-P content during spring turnover and by calendar year, which was incorporated as a third independent variable (adjusted R2 = 0.84). The negative correlation between whitefish growth rate and calendar year is interpreted as evidence of an evolutionary response to the highly size-selective fishery during at least four decades. We conclude that density-dependent effects on whitefish growth are more important than had been realized previously and that the impact of eutrophication on growth of whitefish needs to be reconsidered.

Effect of Black Fly Ingestion and Assimilation on Seston Transport in a Quebec Lake Outlet

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Morin ◽  
Christian Back ◽  
Alain Chalifour ◽  
Jacques Boisvert ◽  
Robert H. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Filter Feeders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diptera Larvae

Ingestion and assimilation rates of simullid (Diptera) larvae feeding on natural seston were estimated in an artificial stream and used to predict the impact of simuliids on seston transport in a 40-m section of the outlet stream of Petit Lac Fraser in southern Quebec. This prediction was then compared with changes in the seston flux above and below the population. Finally, we selectively killed simuliids with a larvicide (Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis) to observe changes in seston transport after removal of simuliids. The stream population of simuliid larvae ingested between 32 and 55% of the seston flux and assimilated between 17 and 25% of the dry mass of ingested seston. The change in assimilation of seston in the stream section before and after the larvicide treatment was similar to that predicted from assimilation rate of larvae and standing stock. Larvae ingested 0.8–1.4% of the seston per linear meter of stream, about 10–1000 times more than what has been reported for other populations of stream filter-feeders. The high values observed can be explained by high specific ingestion rates, high standing stock, and low discharge. Our results suggest that simuliid populations can be food limited and may help to explain the downstream decrease in abundance and growth rates of filter-feeders in lake outlets.

Dipteran standing stock biomass and effects of aquatic bird predation at a constructed wetland

Wetlands ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ashley ◽  
Julie A. Robinson ◽  
Lewis W. Oring ◽  
Gary A. Vinyard
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Aquatic Bird ◽  
Bird Predation ◽  
Stock Biomass

scholarly journals LITTERFALL PRODUCTION AS A FUNCTION OF PLANTING SEEDLINGS SYSTEM IN A TWO YEARS FOREST RESTORATION AREA IN THE COASTAL - PLAIN OF CARAGUATATUBA, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leda Lorenzo ◽  
Virgínia Hamer Campagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Litterfall Production ◽  
Nutrients Cycling

ABSTRACT Seedlings plantation combining pioneer and non-pioneer species facilitates the restoration of ecological processes, such as litterfall production. Litterfall is fundamental to reestablish nutrient cycling and to recover soil fertility in early stages of restoration. This study evaluated litterfall production in a two-year forest restoration area (transitional rain forest: Restinga high forest - submontane rain forest) by comparing differences in litter production between seedlings plantation in rows (LI, 2x2m spacing) and in clusters (NU, 30x30cm spacing). Litterfall was collected monthly during 24 months in 62 plots (27 LI; 27 NU and 8 controls without plantation). Litterfall dry mass, litter fractions (leaves, twigs, reproductive and miscellaneous), dry mass from seedling material and dry mass from vegetation prior to the restoration were determined. Annual litter production was higher in restored plots (254.91 g.m-2) than in control ones (120.99 g.m-2) and there was no difference between rows (259.39 g.m-2) and clusters (250.59 g.m-2). There was substitution of the litter type with time, which was higher in restored than in control plots, but there was no difference between rows and clusters. Results indicated that: (1) planting seedlings facilitates litterfall recovery; (2) there is litter substitution as from the beginning of the restoration; and (3) planting seedlings in rows or clusters is equally efficient to restore litter production. In conclusion, planting seedlings leads to higher litter production and it could benefit the recovery of nutrients cycling in degraded areas, regardless of the disposition of seedlings in rows or clusters.

Energy distribution in biomass estimates within a freshwater bivalve community

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2753-2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Freshwater Bivalve ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Shell Fragments

In an association of the bivalves Elliptio complanata, Anodonta cataracta, and Lampsilis ochracea in a New Brunswick lake, the distribution of standing stock biomass is among tissue (64.6%), shells of living individuals (19.4%), and empty shells and shell fragments (16.0%). Failure to consider the latter two energy compartments would result in serious underestimates of standing stock biomass.

Coarse Particulate Detritus Dynamics in Small, Montane Streams Southwestern British Columbia

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Montane Streams

The dynamics of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were studied for 2 yr in three second-order streams in the Coast Range of British Columbia. Estimates of direct litterfall ranged from 201 to 481 g ash-free dry mass∙m−2∙yr−1. The magnitude of deciduous leaf litter input was similar among streams. Input of conifer needles to a stream with an old-growth canopy was higher than in two streams which drained second-growth forests. There was over a 60-fold seasonal change in deciduous leaf standing stock, but woody debris and total CPOM showed less seasonal variation. Decomposition of alder leaf packs in two of the streams showed a large temperature-dependent component and significant differences between streams, with the more retentive stream having lower rates of decomposition. From estimates of input and decay rates, models of leaf loss were made to predict benthic standing stocks of deciduous leaf litter. Comparisons of the model predictions with actual measures indicate that 70–94% of leaf material was unaccounted for and presumably lost from the study reach by export, floodplain deposition, and burial. The seasonal changes in standing stock of CPOM emphasize the variation in food supply potentially available to detritivorous stream organisms.

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