Infestation by Brood Symbionts and Their Impact on Egg Mortality of the Red King Crab, Paralithodes camtschatica, in Alaska: Geographic and Temporal Variation

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand M. Kuris ◽  
S. Forrest Blau ◽  
A. J. Paul ◽  
Jeffrey D. Shields ◽  
Daniel E. Wickham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red King Crab ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Paralithodes Camtschatica

Egg masses of 772 red king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica, were sampled to determine the prevalence, intensity, and patterns of cooccurrence of brood symbionts from 28 Alaskan localities. Carcinonemertes regicides and three other undescribed nemertean egg predators were recovered from many localities, as were an undescribed turbellarian and an amphipod, Ischyrocerus sp. A widespread outbreak of nemerteans occurred in the 1983–84 and 1984–85 red king crab brooding seasons. At some locations, nearly all of the eggs were consumed in the 1983–84 brood season. Feeding of C. regicides on eggs was documented in vitro and these worms caused substantial egg mortality at many locations. The amphipod was also an egg predator and may have had a significant impact at three locations. The turbellarian did not kill eggs. From the seasonal pattern of C. regicides infestation at Kachemak Bay, we postulate an abbreviated life cycle and autoinfection for C. regicides. Such life history features may have contributed to the peak intensities observed late in the 1983–84 and 1984–85 brooding seasons. At some localities, heavy brood mortality may reduce or eliminate recruitment of some year classes to the fishery.

scholarly journals LIFE HISTORY, NON-SPECIFICITY, AND REVISION OF THE GENUS CHORIOPTES, A PARASITIC MITE OF HERBIVORES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon K. Sweatman
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitic Mite

Chorioptic mange mites have been reared in vitro on epidermal debris. The life history of the mite has been observed, and each stage in the cycle described. Mites from the cow, horse, goat, sheep, and llama have been shown to be identical biologically and morphologically, and the specific names of equi, caprae, and ovis have been synonymized with C. bovis. The in vitro life cycle has been completed on epidermal debris from a variety of wild Cervidae, Bovidae, and Equidae, as well as on material from several breeds of domestic cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. From these and other data, three additional species or subspecies of Chorioptes were synonymized also with C. bovis. Only one other species, namely C. texanus, remains in the genus.

The life history of Scaphiostomum pancreaticum McIntosh, 1934 (Trematoda: Brachylaemidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris N. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anguispira Alternata ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

The life cycle of the brachylaemid trematode Scaphiostomum pancreaticum McIntosh, 1934, was completed experimentally in the laboratory. Eggs were obtained from trematodes removed from naturally infected Tamias striatus. Eggs are mature when laid and hatch naturally only after ingestion by a snail. In vitro hatching and subsequent examination of the miracidium was accomplished in snail gastric juice. Sporocysts developed in Anguispira alternata and cercarial emergence began 129 days after infection. Metacercariae developed in the kidney of A. alternata, Triodopsis albolabris, and Haplotrema concavum and were infective to the chipmunk after 5 months, and ovigerous adults were obtained in 30 days. This is the first description of the life cycle of a member of this genus.

Notes on the life history of a parasitic copepod, Lernaea chackoensis

Parasitology ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Gnanamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Female Larva ◽  
Young Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Fishes

1. The nauplius, the metanauplius and the first copepodid larva, of Lernaea chackoensis were reared in vitro and are described.2. The four copepodid larvae obtained by artificial infection of Barbus stigma and Oryzias rubristigma are described.3. The young females infesting the adult host fishes are described, noting the changes which take place after the copulation of the female larva.4. The accelerated development of this tropica form and the need for a temporary host to complete the life cycle are discussed.

Behavioral Ecology of Podding Red King Crab, Paralithodes camtschatica

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Braxton Dew
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Red King Crab ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Nocturnal Foraging ◽  
Paralithodes Camtschatica

Diel activity cycles and foraging dynamics for two pods of 500–800 juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschatica, were monitored for 196 d. (Nov. 1987–June 1988) and 148 d. (Oct. 1988–Feb. 1989) in Womans Bay, Kodiak, Alaska, using SCUBA. Nocturnal foraging and homing behavior of podding red king crab were documented for the first time. Variation in time of pod dispersal into a nightly foraging aggregation was explained (R2 = 0.72) by changes in water temperature, crab weight, and time of sunset. A trend of increased foraging time and movement to deeper, cooler water was apparent after mid-April, as water temperatures reached 4 °C and began a sustained summer increase. Molting occurred only at night, and seasonal variations in molting rate were estimated using molting probability models based on length-frequency distributions. Average pod movement was counter to the direction of strongest water currents, and homing behavior suggested some affinity for a low-light environment in man-made niches. Items most frequently eaten were sea stars (Evasterias troschelii) and macrophytes (Laminaria sp. and Ulva sp.). I discuss the inception of podding as a discontinuity in behavior, perhaps reflecting a break in the fractal continuum of niche availability within red king crab habitat.

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Juvenile Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) and its Effects on Size-at-Age and Subsequent Recruitment in the Eastern Bering Sea

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Red King Crab ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Eastern Bering Sea ◽  
Paralithodes Camtschatica ◽  
Size Interval ◽  
Size At Age

A temperature-based growth relationship was derived for juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) from published data. Growth of annual cohorts of crab was simulated at various locations in Bristol Bay, AK, using long-term water temperature observations, and the resulting mean sizes were compared with those observed by the annual National Marine Fisheries Service eastern Bering Sea crab survey. Results indicate that mean age-at-recruitment is 3–5 yr greater than previously estimated, and has decreased from 9.5 to 7.5 yr over the past decade as a result of increasing sea temperature. Single year-classes require 3–5 yr for complete recruitment to the 'mature' size interval, and recruitment in any year may consist of crabs from four to five year-classes. The high landings and subsequent crash of the Bering Sea red king crab population during the late 1970's probably originated from one or more adjacent strong year-classes in the late 1960's which recruited over a period of several years, followed by a period of recruitment failure and high mortality. Future stock–recruitment studies should account for the effects of multi-year recruitment and year-class overlap.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Use of Hyaluronidase from the Red King Crab Hepatopancreas in Treating Filler Complications: In Vitro Investigations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Ponomareva ◽  
Dmitrii Sliadovskii ◽  
Maria Timchenko ◽  
Maxim Molchanov ◽  
Alexander Timchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red King Crab ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Safe Product ◽  
Crab Hepatopancreas ◽  
Aggregation Formation ◽  
Turbidimetric Analysis ◽  
Filler Complications

This study focused on hydrolysis of cosmetic fillers hyaluronic acid (HA) and kinetics of the HA hydrolysis using the homogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. Turbidimetric analysis of the reaction mixture revealed a bell-shaped time dependence of aggregation formation. It was shown that the obtained homogenate has the similar activity to the commercially available hyaluronidase. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination found that the HA fillers were represented by spherical-like structures. These structures were destroyed under the action of the homogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. NMR of the reaction mixture showed that HA degradation lasts for some days, but a maximum rate of the reaction is detected in the first hours of incubation. The preparation with hyaluronidase activity obtained from the red king crab hepatopancreas could be used as potentially safe product for treating filler complications.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Use of Hyaluronidase from the Red King Crab Hepatopancreas in Treating Filler Complications: In Vitro Investigations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Ponomareva ◽  
Dmitrii Sliadovskii ◽  
Maria Timchenko ◽  
Alexander Timchenko ◽  
Evgeny Sogorin
Keyword(s):  
Red King Crab ◽  
King Crab ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Safe Product ◽  
Crab Hepatopancreas ◽  
Aggregation Formation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Filler Complications

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid (HA) of cosmetic fillers using thehomogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas was studied for the first time. Turbidimetricanalysis of the reaction mixture revealed a bell–shaped time dependence of aggregation formation. The HA fillers were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and it was found that they wererepresented by spherical–like structures. These structures were disrupted under the action of thehomogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. It was shown that the prepared homogenate hasthe activity which is similar to that observed in the commercially available hyaluronidase products.The preparation with hyaluronidase activity obtained from the red king crab hepatopancreas couldbe used as potentially safe product for treating filler complications.

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