Effect of Temperature, Season, and Fish Size on Acute Lethality of Suspended Sediments to Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Servizi ◽  
Dennis W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
The Relationship

Tolerance of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Fraser River suspended sediments (SS) at 7 °C was independent of season of the year. However, coho of 0.52 g (4.0 cm) possessed only 35% of the tolerance of larger specimens. Tolerance to SS was temperature dependent, with 96-h LC50 at 1 and 18 °C being 47 and 33%, respectively, of the value at 7 °C. Tolerance was further reduced among underyearling coho which were later found to have a viral kidney infection. Cough reflex, oxygen transfer, oxygen saturation levels, metabolic rates, and capacity to do work all probably affect the relationship between SS tolerance and temperature.

Cost of Sustained and Burst Swimming to Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Puckett ◽  
L. M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate (milligrams per kilogram per hour) and sustained swimming speed (calculated from tailbeat frequency) was determined for 1.2-g juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at 15 °C. The data are best described by the following equation: log oxygen consumption rate = 2.2 + 0.13 (body lengths-s−1). This relationship is very similar to that extrapolated for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) of the same size, thus potentially enabling researchers to utilize the extensive sockeye data base to predict metabolic rates of coho. The oxygen consumption rate during burst swimming (9 body lengths∙s−1) was also determined. The burst swimming metabolic rate (38 000 mgO2∙kg−1∙h−1) is nearly 40 times greater than the maximum sustained swimming metabolic rate.

Sublethal Responses of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Suspended Sediments

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Servizi ◽  
Dennis W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Cough Frequency ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sugar Levels

Underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Fraser River suspended sediments (SS) in the laboratory. Comparisons with other rivers indicated that Fraser River sediments caused the lowest turbidity for a given SS value. Blood sugar levels (y) were elevated and directly proportional to SS exposure (x) according to y = 5.79 + 4.23(x). Published blood sugar data for adult sockeye salmon (O. nerka) exposed to Fraser River SS were in agreement with the linear relationship for underyearling coho. Cough frequency was elevated approximately eightfold over control levels at 0.24 g SS∙L−1. No increase in cough frequency was observed at 0.02 g SS∙L−1. Avoidance was defined by movement to the surface to escape higher SS at depth. Mean avoidance (y) was related to SS by y = 0.077 + 4.457(x) − 1.547(x2) + 0.202(x3). Mean avoidance was less than 5% up to the inflection point at 2.55 g SS∙L−1 but rose to approximately 25% at 7.0 g SS∙L−1. Laboratory results indicated that sublethal responses could be expected at naturally occurring SS levels in the Fraser River.

Variation in Body Morphology Among British Columbia Populations of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2020-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Median Fins ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Ten populations of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, from streams tributary to the upper Fraser River, the lower Fraser River, and the Strait of Georgia region were morphologically compared. Juveniles from coastal streams (Fraser River below Hell's Gate and the Strait of Georgia) were more robust (deeper bodies and caudal peduncles, shorter heads, and larger median fins) than interior Juveniles. Discriminant function analysis indicated that juvenile coho could be identified as to river of origin with 71% accuracy. Juvenile coho from coastal streams were less successfully classified as to stream of origin; however, juveniles could be successfully identified as either coastal or interior with 93% accuracy. Juvenile coho from north coastal British Columbia, Alaska, and the upper Columbia system also fitted this coastal and interior grouping. This suggests that a coastwide coastal–interior dichotomy in juvenile body form exists. Three populations (one interior and two coastal) were studied in more detail. In these populations the coastal versus interior morphology was consistent over successive years, and was also displayed in individuals reared from eggs in the laboratory. Adult coho salmon also showed some of the coastal–interior morphological differences exhibited by juveniles. We concluded that the morphological differences between coastal and interior coho salmon are at least partially inherited.

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Oregon Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Hatchery Releases and Adult Production Utilizing Law of the Minimum Regression

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Clark ◽  
Bruce McCarl
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Regression Technique ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Simple Simulation ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines aggregate relationships between coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) adult production and hatchery releases within the Oregon Index Area (OIA). Previous analyses have indicated the presence of density dependence, and concluded with a request for a reduction in hatchery smolt releases. The hypothesis that density dependence is exhibited in the OIA is tested via a broad correlation approach. Several regression models are used including one unique one in fisheries research based on limiting factors.Analysis was done on the fitted regression equations including a simple simulation of release policies. Neither significant density dependence nor a statistically supportable technical maximum for smolt releases was found. The limiting factors regression technique generally gives the best results of all the models employed, and thus appears potentially useful in this type of fisheries work.

Skeletal muscle fatigue in vitro is temperature dependent

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Segal ◽  
J. A. Faulkner ◽  
T. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Protocol Development ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bell Shaped Curve

Our purpose was to determine the effect of temperature on the fatigability of isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rats during repeated isometric contractions. Muscles (70–90 mg) were studied at 20–40 degrees C in vitro. Fatigability was defined with respect to both the time and number of stimuli required to reach 50% of the force (P) developed at the onset of the fatigue test. Fatigue was studied during stimulation protocols of variable [force approximately 70% of maximum force (Po)] and constant frequency (28 Hz). Results for soleus and EDL muscles were qualitatively similar, but fatigue times were longer for soleus than for EDL muscles. During the variable-frequency protocol, development of approximately 70% of Po required an increase in stimulation frequency as temperature increased. During stimulation at these frequencies, fatigue time shortened as temperature increased. For both fatigue protocols, the relationship between temperature and the number of stimuli required to reach fatigue followed a bell-shaped curve, with maximum values at 25–30 degrees C. The temperature optimum for maximizing the number of isometric contractions to reach fatigue reflects direct effects of temperature on muscle function.

Food abundance and territory size in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Dill ◽  
Ronald C. Ydenberg ◽  
Alex H. G. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Feeding Territory ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Feeding territory size and potential food abundance were measured simultaneously in a field population of juvenile (40–50 mm) coho salmon. Territory size was inversely related to the density of benthic food on the territory, as predicted from an energy-based model of territoriality. The relationship between the abundance of drift food and territory size was in the predicted direction, but was not significant. Territories were also smaller where intruder pressure was higher, but intrusion rate and food abundance were not directly correlated. Therefore, the effect of food abundance on territory size was not caused indirectly by attraction of nonterritorial fish to areas where food was abundant. In the laboratory, the distance from which a resident coho attacked an approaching model intruder increased asymptotically with hunger. The fish therefore appear to possess an appropriate behavioural mechanism (tactic) to adjust territory size to local food abundance.

Effect of Temperature and Antigen Dose on the Antibody Response of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Aeromonas salmonicida Endotoxin

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Paterson ◽  
J. L. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Specific Antibody Production

Specific antibody production in response to an intraperitoneal injection of A. salmonicida endotoxin first occurred in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) held at 6.7, 12.2, and 17.8 C at 4, 2 and 1 wk, respectively. Aeromonas salmonicida endotoxin was antigenic to juvenile coho salmon at all doses between 1 and 5000 μg administered intraperitoneally with and without an aluminum hydroxide carrier.The endotoxin was nontoxic to juvenile coho salmon when 1–5000 μg was injected intraperitoneally and the fish held at temperatures from 6.7 to 17.8 C or when "free endotoxin" was administered by the intramuscular or intraperitoneal route. Aeromonas salmonicida endotoxin was toxic to mice, however.

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