Influence of Exchange Flow Between the Channel and Hyporheic Zone on Nitrate Production in a Small Mountain Stream

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2099-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Triska ◽  
John H. Duff ◽  
Ronald J. Avanzino
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Exchange Flow ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Local Exchange ◽  
Nitrate Production ◽  
Subsurface Waters

Variation in local exchange of flows between the channel and hyporheic zone produced temporally shifting concentration gradients of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and ammonium in subsurface waters of a small, gravel-cobble bed stream. Channel water advected laterally supplied dissolved oxygen, and groundwater supplied ammonium to support hyporheic nitrification. Nitrate production was highest in sediment slurries from aerobic hyporheic sites, was absent at nearly anoxic sites, and was stopped by nitrification inhibitors (chlorate and nitrapyrin). Ammonium amendment to sediment slurries only slightly enhanced nitrate production indicating that sorption competed with biota for available substrate. Nitrate concentration increased from 75–130 μg N/L during 9 d of ammonium amendment to a hyporheic subsurface flow. Ammonium concentration rose slowly relative to a sulfate tracer initially, and declined slowly after cutoff as ammonium desorbed. Nitrate levels remained elevated for 6 d after cutoff as desorbed ammonium became biotically available. Interactions between the channel's hydrology, lithology, and biology such as we observed in nitrate production are probably more common than reported. However, the magnitude of the resulting nutrient flux will depend on factors which determine the depth and lateral extension of suitable hyporheic habitat.

Effects of riffle–step restoration on hyporheic zone chemistry in N-rich lowland streams

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao Kasahara ◽  
Alan R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Exchange Flow ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Lowland Streams ◽  
Hyporheic Zones

Stream restoration projects that aim to rehabilitate ecosystem health have not considered surface–subsurface linkages, although stream water and groundwater interaction has an important role in sustaining stream ecosystem functions. The present study examined the effect of constructed riffles and a step on hyporheic exchange flow and chemistry in restored reaches of several N-rich agricultural and urban streams in southern Ontario. Hydrometric data collected from a network of piezometers and conservative tracer releases indicated that the constructed riffles and steps were effective in inducing hyporheic exchange. However, despite the use of cobbles and boulders in the riffle construction, high stream dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were depleted rapidly with depth into the hyporheic zones. Differences between observed and predicted nitrate concentrations based on conservative ion concentration patterns indicated that these hyporheic zones were also nitrate sinks. Zones of low hydraulic conductivity and the occurrence of interstitial fines in the restored cobble-boulder layers suggest that siltation and clogging of the streambed may reduce the downwelling of oxygen- and nitrate-rich stream water. Increases in streambed DO levels and enhancement of habitat for hyporheic fauna that result from riffle–step construction projects may only be temporary in streams that receive increased sediment and nutrient inputs from urban areas and croplands.

scholarly journals Nitrogen concentrations in a small Mediterranean stream: 1. Nitrate 2. Ammonium

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Butturini ◽  
F. Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Concentration Variance ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Storm Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract. The importance of storm frequency as well as the groundwater and hyporheic inputs on nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) levels in stream water were studied in a small perennial Mediterranean catchment, Riera Major, in northeast Spain. NO3-N concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 1.9 mg l-1. Discharge explained 47% of the annual NO3-N concentration variance, but this percentage increased to 97% when single floods were analysed. The rate of change in nitrate concentration with respect to flow, ΔNO3-N/ΔQ, ranged widely from 0 to 20 μg NO3-N s l-2. The ΔNO3-N/ΔQ values fitted to a non linear model with respect to the storm flow magnitude (ΔQ) (r2=0.48, d.f.=22, P<0.01). High values of ΔNO3-N/ΔQ occurred at intermediate ΔQ values, whereas low ΔNO3-N/ΔQ values occurred during severe storms (ΔQ > 400 l s-1). N3-N concentrations exhibit anticlockwise hysteresis patterns with changing flow and the patterns observed for autumnal and winter storms indicated that groundwater was the main N3-N source for stream and hyporheic water. At baseflow, NO3-N concentration in groundwater was higher (t=4.75, d.f.=29, P>0.001) and co-varied with concentrations in the stream (r=0.91, d.f.=28, P<0.001). In contrast, NO3-N concentration in hyporheic water was identical to that in stream water. The role of the hyporheic zone as source or sink for ammonium was studied hyporheic was studied comparing its concentrations in stream and hyporheic zone before and after a major storm occurred in October 1994 that removed particulate organic matter stored in sediments. Results showed high ammonium concentrations (75±28 s.d. μg NH4-N l-1) before the storm flow in the hyporheic zone. After the storm, the ammonium concentration in the hyporheic dropped by 80% (13.6±8 μg N4-N l-1) and approached to the level found in stream water (11±8 μg NH4-N l-1) indicating that indisturbed hyporheic sediments act as a source for ammonium. After the storm, the ammonium concentrations in the stream, hyporheic and groundwater zones were very similar suggesting that stream ammonium concentrations are sustained mainly by input from groundwater. The present study provides evidence that storm flow magnitude is an important source of variability of nitrate concentration and fluxes in Mediterranean streams subjected to an irregular precipitation regime with prolonged dry periods.

Reaction rates in the hyporheic zone explained by the lamellar theory of mixing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauthier Rousseau ◽  
Tanguy Le Borgne ◽  
Joris Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Incomplete Mixing ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Transport And Mixing ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
2D And 3D

&lt;p&gt;At the interface between aquifers and rivers, hyporheic zones are shallow sediment layers where surface and subsurface waters mix and react. In these zones, the dynamic of solute transport and mixing is a crucial and limiting component for many biogeochemical reactive processes (arsenic and nitrates degradation for instance). In particular, the understanding of the consequence of flow path heterogeneity on solute mixing and reactivity is key to develop physically-based upscaled models of the hyporheic function. By simulating the evolution of reacting fronts under simple 2D and 3D heterogeneous hyporheic flows created by bed superficial pressure gradients, we show that incomplete mixing of reacting solutes systematically precludes the use of macro-dispersion models as upscaled models of the hyporheic function, both in steady and unsteady flow conditions.&lt;br&gt;Based on these simulations, we propose an alternative theoretical framework, based on the concept of solute lamellae stretched by flow velocity gradients, to correctly upscale local reaction rates at the reach and basin scale. Finally, we compare our numerical and theoretical results to reacting fronts in a laboratory scale hyporheic mixing experiment.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Dynamics of nitrate production and removal as a function of residence time in the hyporheic zone

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (G1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Zarnetske ◽  
Roy Haggerty ◽  
Steven M. Wondzell ◽  
Michelle A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Nitrate Production

scholarly journals Organic matter storage and decomposition in the hyporheic zone of a mountain stream

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Tomoya KUBO ◽  
Tamao KASAHARA ◽  
Masaaki CHIWA ◽  
Kyouichi OTSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Mountain Stream

scholarly journals Carbon dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a headwater mountain stream in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 7556-7576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley A. Corson-Rikert ◽  
Steven M. Wondzell ◽  
Roy Haggerty ◽  
Mary V. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Cascade Mountains

scholarly journals Daily entropy of dissolved oxygen reveals different energetic regimes and drivers among high‐mountain stream types

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Boix Canadell ◽  
Lluís Gómez‐Gener ◽  
Mélanie Clémençon ◽  
Stuart N. Lane ◽  
Tom J. Battin
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
High Mountain

Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 3741-3751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Briggs ◽  
Laura K. Lautz ◽  
Danielle K. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Nitrate Production ◽  
Residence Time Control
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