Aspects of the Energy Metabolism of Lake Sturgeon,Acipenser fulvescens, with Special Emphasis on Lipid and Ketone Body Metabolism

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Singer ◽  
Vhundi G. Mahadevappa ◽  
James S. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
Low Levels

Key enzymes in several metabolic pathways in five tissues were measured in a primitive osteichthyan, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured in the plasma as an indicator of fatty acid mobilization and differential utilization of individual NEFAs as substrates for lipid oxidation. The metabolism of lake sturgeon differs from that of most teleosts studied; it has detectable levels of beta-hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase in all tissues, possibly a primitive metabolic feature of vertebrates, subsequently lost in the teleosts. Based on HOAD and CPT activities lipid oxidation in extrahepatic tissues of sturgeon is intermediate between elasmobranch and teleost models. Sturgeon plasma NEFA concentrations are clearly higher than those detected in any elasmobranch, indicating that the acipenserid chondrosteans may be among the first jawed fish to mobilize and transport NEFAs. Oleic acid (18:1,n9) which amounts to 45% of total NEFA content of the plasma may be a preferred substrate of carnitine dependent oxidation. High levels of long chain fatty acid in the plasma may represent a high turnover of eicosanoid precursors. The low levels of LDH in the anoxia tolerant sturgeon may indicate that alternative anaerobic end products, perhaps ethanol, are used to survive under anoxic conditions.

Seasonal Variation in Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Vicinity of Hydroelectric Facilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McKinley ◽  
T. D. Singer ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Species

To establish the effects of hydroelectric generation on the health of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), seasonal variations in plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) upstream and downstream from hydroelectric stations were measured over a 2-yr period. Plasma NEFA profiles were also compared up- and downstream of the stations for differences in utilization of individual NEFA species as substrates for lipid oxidation. Significantly higher levels of total plasma NEFA were found in lake sturgeon upstream (2355 ± 395.9 nmol/mL) compared with those downstream (798 ± 133.5 nmol/mL) of the generating stations during the spring. The NEFA profiles for several key fatty acid species differed significantly among seasons up- and downstream of the facilities. In particular, during spring and summer, the levels of oleic acid (18:1n9) were highest upstream of the stations and levels of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were higher below rather than above the stations. The differences in plasma NEFA concentration may be attributed to altered nutritional status due to the varying flow regime located downstream of the hydroelectric stations.

High-altitude acclimation increases the triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycle at rest and during exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. E537-E544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant B. McClelland ◽  
Peter W. Hochachka ◽  
Shannon P. Reidy ◽  
Jean-Michel Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Cycle

High-altitude acclimation alters lipid metabolism during exercise, but it is unknown whether this involves changes in rates of lipolysis or reesterification, which form the triacylglycerol/fatty acid (TAG/FA) cycle. We combined indirect calorimetry with [2-3H]glycerol and [1-14C]palmitate infusions to simultaneously measure total lipid oxidation, lipolysis, and rate of appearance (Ra) of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in high-altitude-acclimated (HA) rats exercising at 60% maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max). During exercise, relative total lipid oxidation (%V˙o 2) equaled sea-level control (SL) values; however, acclimation greatly stimulated lipolysis (+75%) but had no effect on Ra NEFA. As a result, TAG/FA cycling increased (+119%), due solely to an increase in recycling (+144%) within adipocytes. There was no change in either group in these variables with the transition from rest to exercise. We conclude that, in HA, 1) acclimation is a potent stimulator of lipolysis; 2) rats do not modify TAG/FA cycling with the transition to exercise; and 3) in normoxia, HA and SL derive the same fraction of their total energy from lipids and carbohydrates.

Dynamics of fatty acid regulatory genes during ovarian development in Penaeus monodon

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pacharawan Deenarn ◽  
Punsa Tobwor ◽  
Rungnapa Leelatanawit ◽  
Somjai Wongtriphop ◽  
Jutatip Khudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Ovarian Maturation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Eyestalk Ablation ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Expression Levels

The delay in ovarian maturation in farmed black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has resulted in the widespread practice of feeding broodstock with the polychaetes Perinereis nuntia and their unilateral eyestalk ablation. Although this practice alters fatty acid content in shrimp ovaries and hepatopancreas, its effects on fatty acid regulatory genes have yet to be systematically examined. Here, microarray analysis was performed on hepatopancreas and ovary cDNA collected from P. monodon at different ovarian maturation stages, revealing that 72 and 58 genes in fatty acid regulatory pathways were differentially expressed in hepatopancreas and ovaries respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ovarian maturation was associated with higher expression levels of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA oxidase 3 and long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4 in hepatopancreas, whereas the expression levels of 15 fatty acid regulatory genes were increased in shrimp ovaries. To distinguish the effects of different treatments, transcriptional changes were examined in P. monodon with stage 1 ovaries before polychaete feeding, after one-month of polychaete feeding and after eyestalk ablation. Polychaete feeding resulted in lower expression levels of enoyl-CoA hydratase and acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 4, while the expression level of phosphatidylinositide phosphatase SAC1 was higher in shrimp hepatopancreas and ovaries. Additionally, eyestalk ablation resulted in a higher expression level of long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 in both tissues. Together, our findings describe the dynamics of fatty acid regulatory pathways during crustacean ovarian development and provide potential target genes for alternatives to eyestalk ablation in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary fat source on fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of eggs

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ King ◽  
A Hugo ◽  
FH De Witt ◽  
HJ Van der Merwe ◽  
MD Fair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dietary Fat

scholarly journals Response in Growth, Scute Development, and Whole-Body Ion Composition of Acipenser fulvescens Reared in Water of Differing Chemistries

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Janet Genz ◽  
Rachael Hicks
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yolk Absorption

In fishes, environmental ion availability can have substantial effects on growth and development. This study examined the development of Lake Sturgeon in response to the varying environmental ion availability that they experience as part of a conservation stocking program. We reared sturgeon in natural water from the Coosa River, which had higher concentrations of Mg2+, Na+, and Zn2+ than standard hatchery conditions, while [Ca2+] at the Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery was 2× higher than in the Coosa River. Eggs were hatched in each water type and the larvae were sampled at time points before and after yolk absorption during the first 8 weeks of development. Total length and weight in WSNFH larvae were significantly higher than larvae in Coosa River water starting at 8 dph, indicating that growth was dependent on the different environmental ion levels. Concentrations of the ions of interest were also determined for whole-body acid digests of the exposed Lake Sturgeon. We found that Lake Sturgeon reared in Coosa River water had significantly higher magnesium and zinc than Lake Sturgeon reared in WSNFH water (p < 0.05), while calcium was significantly higher in WSNFH than Coosa River water. This difference shows that different environmental ion concentrations also impact the overall development of larval Lake Sturgeon.

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