Sea Surface Temperatures along the Coast of British Columbia: Regional Evidence for a Warming Trend

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Freeland
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Sea-surface temperature has been measured at a large number of sites around the coast of British Columbia for periods well in excess of 50 yr. These time series are long enough to give clear evidence of a large scale secular warming. For the purposes of this paper the daily SST observations are decimated to monthly mean values. The observations are of particular value because observation methods have remained invariant throughout the observation period, and many of the stations are remote from civilisation allowing trends to be estimated that have not been contaminated with urbanization effects. Eighteen out of nineteen stations that are currently being sampled show a warming trend, the one that shows a cooling trend is the shortest time series, only in its eleventh year. The sea-surface temperatures at sites exposed to the Pacific Ocean show very high coherence with global scale air temperature variations but no relationship to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation signal.

scholarly journals Coupled network analysis revealing global monthly scale co-variability patterns between sea-surface temperatures and precipitation in dependence on the ENSO state

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoo Ekhtiari ◽  
Catrin Ciemer ◽  
Catrin Kirsch ◽  
Reik V. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

AbstractThe Earth’s climate is a complex system characterized by multi-scale nonlinear interrelationships between different subsystems like atmosphere and ocean. Among others, the mutual interdependence between sea surface temperatures (SST) and precipitation (PCP) has important implications for ecosystems and societies in vast parts of the globe but is still far from being completely understood. In this context, the globally most relevant coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomenon is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which strongly affects large-scale SST variability as well as PCP patterns all around the globe. Although significant achievements have been made to foster our understanding of ENSO’s global teleconnections and climate impacts, there are many processes associated with ocean–atmosphere interactions in the tropics and extratropics, as well as remote effects of SST changes on PCP patterns that have not yet been unveiled or fully understood. In this work, we employ coupled climate network analysis for characterizing dominating global co-variability patterns between SST and PCP at monthly timescales. Our analysis uncovers characteristic seasonal patterns associated with both local and remote statistical linkages and demonstrates their dependence on the type of the current ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña or neutral phase). Thereby, our results allow identifying local interactions as well as teleconnections between SST variations and global precipitation patterns.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sea Surface Temperatures on the Northern Winter Stratosphere: Ensemble Simulations with the MAECHAM5 Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3863-3881 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Manzini ◽  
M. A. Giorgetta ◽  
M. Esch ◽  
L. Kornblueh ◽  
E. Roeckner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Northern Winter ◽  
Mean State

Abstract The role of interannual variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the Northern Hemisphere winter polar stratospheric circulation is addressed by means of an ensemble of nine simulations performed with the middle atmosphere configuration of the ECHAM5 model forced with observed SSTs during the 20-yr period from 1980 to 1999. Results are compared to the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). Three aspects have been considered: the influence of the interannual SST variations on the climatological mean state, the response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and the influence on systematic temperature changes. The strongest influence of SST variations has been found for the warm ENSO events considered. Namely, it has been found that the large-scale pattern associated with the extratropical tropospheric response to the ENSO phenomenon during northern winter enhances the forcing and the vertical propagation into the stratosphere of the quasi-stationary planetary waves emerging from the troposphere. This enhanced planetary wave disturbance thereafter results in a polar warming of a few degrees in the lower stratosphere in late winter and early spring. Consequently, the polar vortex is weakened, and the warm ENSO influence clearly emerges also in the zonal-mean flow. In contrast, the cold ENSO events considered do not appear to have an influence distinguishable from that of internal variability. It is also not straightforward to deduce the influence of the SSTs on the climatological mean state from the simulations performed, because the simulated internal variability of the stratosphere is large, a realistic feature. Moreover, the results of the ensemble of simulations provide weak to negligible evidence for the possibility that SST variations during the two decades considered are substantially contributing to changes in the polar temperature in the winter lower stratosphere.

Quantifying Teleconnection pathways leading to Low Rainfall anomalies during Boreal Summer in Indonesian Borneo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Lam ◽  
Marlene Kretschmer ◽  
Samantha Adams ◽  
Alberto Arribas ◽  
Rachel Prudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies

<p>Teleconnections are sources of predictability for regional weather and climate, which can be represented by causal relationships between climate features in physically separated regions. In this study, teleconnections of low rainfall anomalies in Indonesian Borneo are analysed and quantified using causal inference theory and causal networks. Causal hypotheses are first developed based on climate model experiments in literature and then justified by means of partial regression analysis between NCEP reanalysis sea surface temperatures and climate indices (drivers) and rainfall data in Indonesian Borneo from various sources (target variable). We find that, as previous studies have highlighted, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a profound effect on rainfall in Indonesia Borneo, with positive Niño 3.4 index serving as a direct driver of low rainfall, also partially through reduced sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over Indonesian waters. On the other hand, while Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) influences Indonesian Borneo rainfall through SSTs over the same area as a thermodynamic effect, its remaining effect has shifted at multidecadal timescale, opening the rooms for further research. This work informs the potential of a systematic causal approach to statistical inference as a powerful tool to verify and explore atmospheric teleconnections and enables seasonal forecasting to strengthen prevention and control of drought and fire multihazards over peatlands in the study region.</p><p>Keywords: Tropical teleconnections, Causal inference, Climate variability, Drought, Indonesia</p>

Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian chronostratigraphy of the Skaelskør-1 core, Denmark: correlation at the basinal and global scale and implications for changes in sea-surface temperatures

Lethaia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Thibault ◽  
Kresten Anderskouv ◽  
Morten Bjerager ◽  
Lars O. Boldreel ◽  
Mads E. Jelby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Upper Campanian

scholarly journals Warm Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous high-latitude sea-surface temperatures from the Southern Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Jenkyns ◽  
L. Schouten-Huibers ◽  
S. Schouten ◽  
J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Abstract. Although a division of the Phanerozoic climatic modes of the Earth into "greenhouse" and "icehouse" phases is widely accepted, whether or not polar ice developed during the relatively warm Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods is still under debate. In particular, there is a range of isotopic and biotic evidence that favours the concept of discrete "cold snaps", marked particularly by migration of certain biota towards lower latitudes. Extension of the use of the palaeotemperature proxy TEX86 back to the Middle Jurassic indicates that relatively warm sea-surface conditions (26–30 °C) existed from this interval (∼160 Ma) to the Early Cretaceous (∼115 Ma) in the Southern Ocean, with a general warming trend through the Late Jurassic followed by a general cooling trend through the Early Cretaceous. The lowest sea-surface temperatures are recorded from around the Callovian–Oxfordian boundary, an interval identified in Europe as relatively cool, but do not fall below 25 °C. The early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event, identified on the basis of published biostratigraphy, total organic carbon and carbon-isotope stratigraphy, records an interval with the lowest, albeit fluctuating Early Cretaceous palaeotemperatures (∼26 °C), recalling similar phenomena recorded from Europe and the tropical Pacific Ocean. Extant belemnite δ18O data, assuming an isotopic composition of waters inhabited by these fossils of −1‰ SMOW, give palaeotemperatures throughout the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous interval that are consistently lower by ∼14 °C than does TEX86 and the molluscs likely record conditions below the thermocline. The long-term, warm climatic conditions indicated by the TEX86 data would only be compatible with the existence of continental ice if appreciable areas of high altitude existed on Antarctica, and/or in other polar regions, during the Mesozoic Era.

scholarly journals Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. McCabe ◽  
David M. Wolock
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905–2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Atlantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions.

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