Evidence for a Hereditary Component in Homing Behavior of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2201-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald O. Mclsaac ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Homing Behavior ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Hereditary Component ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Experimental Group

Returns from three groups of coded wire tagged fall-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River were analyzed to determine the learned and innate components of homing behavior. Homing of an experimental group produced from intercepted adults, reared and released at a hatchery 370 km downstream from the ancestral location, was compared with the homing of the ancestral stock from their natural site and with the stock native to the downriver release site. Controls from the ancestral location and release site homed to their expected destinations with high accuracy. The experimental group demonstrated an intermediate homing response: 58% returned to the release site, 5% returned to hatcheries 12–50 km upstream, 28% were accountable in an intercepting fishery 15–200 km upstream, and 9% returned to the ancestral spawning area, despite total lack of contact with this area.

Analysis of straying variation in Alaskan hatchery chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following transplantation

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
William R Heard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Substantial Variation

In 1976 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gametes from the Chickamin and Unuk rivers in southeastern Alaska were transplanted 250 km to establish hatchery runs at Little Port Walter (LPW), Baranof Island. From 1977 to 1989, 1 862 058 marked smolts from 12 broods were released from LPW. Homing and straying were estimated from adult recoveries at 25 locations in Alaska and British Columbia between 1981 and 1989. Of 22 198 LPW fish recovered over this period, 21 934 (98.8%) were collected at LPW. Of 264 fish recovered elsewhere, 38.3% were within 7 km of LPW; 64.4% were within 25 km of LPW. No LPW fish were recovered from the ancestral rivers, but nine fish were recovered from rivers supporting wild chinook salmon. Straying declined with distance from the release site but varied between hatcheries and streams. Straying declined with increasing age and run size. Straying was similar between the populations but varied among broods, and analysis of straying in experimental groups provided evidence for a heritable component. Males strayed more often than females. Population, gender, run size, and recovery age interacted to produce substantial variation in straying, indicating that run composition can produce complex straying responses.

Route selection in a large river during the homing migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L Keefer ◽  
Christopher C Caudill ◽  
Christopher A Peery ◽  
Theodore C Bjornn
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Large River ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Efficient Route

Upstream-migrating adult salmon must make a series of correct navigation and route-selection decisions to successfully locate natal streams. In this field study, we examined factors influencing migration route selections early in the migration of 4361 radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as they moved upstream past dams in the large (~1 km wide) Columbia River. Substantial behavioral differences were observed among 11 conspecific populations, despite largely concurrent migrations. At dams, Chinook salmon generally preferred ladder passage routes adjacent to the shoreline where their natal tributaries entered, and the degree of preference increased as salmon proximity to natal tributaries increased. Columbia River discharge also influenced route choices, explaining some route selection variability. We suggest that salmon detect lateral gradients in orientation cues across the Columbia River channel that are entrained within tributary plumes and that these gradients in cues can persist downstream for tens to hundreds of kilometres. Detection of tributary plumes in large river systems, using olfactory or other navigation cues, may facilitate efficient route selection and optimize energy conservation by long-distance migrants.

Assessing covariability among populations in the presence of intraseries correlation: Columbia River spring-summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis W Botsford ◽  
Charles M Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
John Day River ◽  
One Year ◽  
John Day

We assessed covariability among a number of spawning populations of spring-summer run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin by computing correlations among several different types of spawner and recruit data. We accounted for intraseries correlation explicitly in judging the significance of correlations. To reduce the errors involved in computing effective degrees of freedom, we computed a generic effective degrees of freedom for each data type. In spite of the fact that several of these stocks have declined, covariability among locations using several different combinations of spawner and recruitment data indicated no basinwide covariability. There was, however, significant covariability among index populations within the three main subbasins: the Snake River, the mid-Columbia River, and the John Day River. This covariability was much stronger and more consistent in data types reflecting survival (e.g., the natural logarithm of recruits per spawner) than in data reflecting abundance (e.g., spawning escapement). We also tested a measure of survival that did not require knowing the age structure of spawners, the ratio of spawners in one year to spawners 4 years earlier. It displayed a similar spatial pattern.

Changes in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) survival within the lower Columbia River amid increasing pinniped abundance

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Michelle Wargo Rub ◽  
Nicholas A. Som ◽  
Mark J. Henderson ◽  
Benjamin P. Sandford ◽  
Donald M. Van Doornik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Eumetopias Jubatus ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Alosa Sapidissima ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder Tags

Considerable effort towards conservation has contributed to the recovery of historically depleted pinniped populations worldwide. However, in several locations where pinnipeds have increased, they have been blamed for preventing the recovery of commercially valuable fish species through predation. Prompted by increasing pinniped abundance within the Columbia River (CR), USA, over a 6-year period, we used passive integrated transponder tags to measure the survival of adult spring-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) through the estuary and lower CR to Bonneville Dam (river kilometre 234). We estimated 51 751 – 224 705 salmon died annually within this reach from sources other than harvest. Mixed-effects logistic regression modelling identified pinniped predation as the most likely source of this mortality. The odds of survival was estimated to decrease by 32% (95% CI: 6%–51%) for every additional 467 sea lions (Zalophus californianus and Eumetopias jubatus) present within the CR and to increase by 32% (95% CI: 8%–61%) for every increase of 1.5 in the log of American shad (Alosa sapidissima), a potential prey item for sea lions.

Roles of Olfaction and Vision in Choice of Spawning Site by Homing Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Groves ◽  
Gerald B. Collins ◽  
Parker S. Trefethen
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Spawning Site

An experiment was conducted to examine the roles of olfaction and vision in directing the choice of spawning site by homing adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the lower Columbia River. Male fish that voluntarily entered the Spring Creek National Fish Hatchery were treated to occlude their olfactory or visual senses or both. Treated and untreated (control) fish were released upstream and downstream in the river, more than 19 km from the hatchery. Effects were assessed by analyzing returns to the hatchery and to other points.Of 866 fish released, 348 or 40% were recovered; about half of them, or 176 returned to Spring Creek. Three per cent of the olfactory occluded, 23% of the visually occluded, and 46% of the control fish returned to Spring Creek. Of the fish recovered elsewhere, 77% were recovered at hatcheries and spawn-taking sites along the lower Columbia; 23% were recovered from sources unrelated to spawn taking.Olfaction appeared to be the key sense that directed the return of these fish to Spring Creek; vision was held to be less important. Olfactory occlusion also reduced the recoveries at other spawn-taking sites, where blinded fish were recovered in appreciable numbers. Recovery of the control fish, especially the smaller ones, at other spawn-taking sites was associated with advancing sexual maturity.

A multiple-reach model describing the migratory behavior of Snake River yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W Zabel ◽  
James J Anderson ◽  
Pamela A Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River System ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Time Step

A multiple-reach model was developed to describe the downstream migration of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River system. Migration rate for cohorts of fish was allowed to vary by reach and time step. A nested sequence of linear and nonlinear models related the variation in migration rates to river flow, date in season, and experience in the river. By comparing predicted with observed travel times at multiple observation sites along the migration route, the relative performance of the migration rate models was assessed. The analysis was applied to cohorts of yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) captured at the Snake River Trap near Lewiston, Idaho, and fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags over the 8-year period 1989-1996. The fish were observed at Lower Granite and Little Goose dams on the Snake River and McNary Dam on the Columbia River covering a migration distance of 277 km. The data supported a model containing two behavioral components: a flow term related to season where fish spend more time in regions of higher river velocity later in the season and a flow-independent experience effect where the fish migrate faster the longer they have been in the river.

scholarly journals Modelling salmon migration as a mixture problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skip McKinnell
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Adult

Pulses of abundance in salmon migrations can arise from single populations arriving at different times, from multiple populations with different timing characteristics, or as a combination of these. Daily observations typically record an aggregate measure of abundance passing some location rather than the abundances of the individual components. An objective method is described that partitions a compound migration into its component parts by exploiting differences in the characteristics of each pulse. Simulated data were used to demonstrate when greater model complexity may be desirable. Three case studies of increasing complexity (Chilko Lake sockeye salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus nerka), large adult Columbia River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Fraser River salmon test fishery) demonstrate how the model can be applied in practice. Results indicated that Chilko Lake smolts rarely emigrate to sea as a single pulse, that the dates used to distinguish the spring run of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River may be overestimating its abundance, and that pulses of sockeye salmon abundance in a Fraser River ocean test fishery in 2014 may have arisen from some factor other than population composition.

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