Empirical Models of Fish Response to Lake Acidification

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Reckhow ◽  
Robert W. Black ◽  
Thomas B. Stockton Jr. ◽  
J. David Vogt ◽  
Judith G. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Model Misspecification ◽  
Lake Acidification ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Relationship

A large historical data set from the Adirondack region of New York was compiled to study the relationship between water chemistry variables associated with acid precipitation and the presence/absence of selected fish species. The data set was used to examine simple statistical models for fish presence/absence, as a function of the water chemistry variables, for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Of these models, only those for brook trout and lake trout were found to be acceptable based on statistical goodness-of-fit criteria; thus, parameters for models of these two species alone were estimated using maximum likelihood logistic regression. Candidate models for brook trout and lake trout were then examined, with particular consideration for the problems associated with model misspecification, errors-in-variables, and multicollinearity. For each of the two species, a model was recommended that may be used to predict the effect of changes in lake acidification on species presence/absence in lakes in the Adirondack region.

Local Improvement Districts as Political Participation Signals

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892992096578
Author(s):  
Dan Ziebarth
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Improvement ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Relationship

A significant amount of literature has inspected the relationship between public–private partnerships and state and local government. This literature has focused primarily on how these agreements shape financing, economic development, and public policy measures. There is little research, however, on how improvement districts may affect political participation. There are many reasons to believe that these districts may raise levels of political participation, as they deeply affect state and local politics and shape the socioeconomic development of local communities. This article fills this gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between the establishment of local improvement districts and voter participation rates. An original data set is constructed from 18 state assembly districts and 22 local improvement districts in New York City across nine elections between 2002 and 2018, resulting in 198 unique observations across time. Empirical results reflect how the development of improvement districts can serve as signals for rising political participation in surrounding areas, marked by increasing rates of voter turnout across midterm and presidential-year election cycles. These findings are compelling, providing insight into how local organizations designed and sustained through issue ownership and community collaboration have the ability to raise political participation through electoral activity.

Newly Documented Host Fishes for the Eastern Elliptio Mussel Elliptio complanata

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Lellis ◽  
Barbara St. John White ◽  
Jeffrey C. Cole ◽  
Connie S. Johnson ◽  
Julie L. Devers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Elliptio Complanata ◽  
Host Fishes

Abstract The eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata is a common, abundant, and ecologically important freshwater mussel that occurs throughout the Atlantic Slope drainage in the United States and Canada. Previous research has shown E. complanata glochidia to be host fish generalists, parasitizing yellow perch Perca flavescens, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, banded sculpin Cottus carolinae, and seven centrarchid species. Past laboratory studies have been conducted in the Midwest; however, glochidia used in these studies were obtained from adult mussels in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence River basins, or glochidia sources were not reported. The objective of this study was to identify host fishes for E. complanata from streams in the Mid-Atlantic region. We used artificial laboratory infections to test host suitability of 38 fish and 2 amphibian species with E. complanata glochidia from the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Glochidia successfully metamorphosed into juvenile mussels on five fish species: American eel Anguilla rostrata, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. American eel was the most effective host, yielding the highest overall metamorphosis success (percentage of attached glochidia that transformed into juvenile mussels; ≥0.90) and producing 13.2 juveniles per fish overall. No juvenile E. complanata metamorphosed on other fish or amphibian species tested, including many previously identified host fishes that appear in the literature. Reasons for discrepancies in published host fish could include geographic variation in host use across the species' range, differences in host use between lentic and lotic populations, or poorly resolved taxonomy within the genus Elliptio.

Effect of Zooplankton Abundance and Body Size on Growth of Age-0 Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) in Oneida Lake, New York, 1975–86

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
Ruth Sherman ◽  
Douglas S. Robson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Oneida Lake ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

We examined an 11-yr (1975–86) field data set to determine whether annual differences in age-0 yellow perch (Perca flavescens) growth in weight were related to the abundance, size structure, and species composition of zooplankton in Oneida Lake, New York. A model for prediction of age-0 yellow perch weight was determined using a multiple regression technique; age-0 yellow perch wet weight (grams) was the dependent variable while age-0 yellow perch density, water temperature, calendar day, and cumulative biomass of both zooplankton taxonomic groups (daphnids, "other cladocerans," calanoids, cyclopoids, and nauplii) and zooplankton size classes (< 1.1 mm, 1.1–1.7 mm, and > 1.7 mm) were the independent variables. Analyses were based on an integrated approach where time was measured in cumulative temperature units and yellow perch weight was considered a function of the cumulative amount of food available. Below a cumulative temperature of 1350 °C∙d−1, none of the independent variables were related significantly (P < 0.05) to yellow perch weight. Beyond 1350 °C∙d−1 age-0 yellow perch weight was strongly correlated with the biomass of Daphnia and significant (P < 0.05) prey size variables shifted toward larger prey as fish grew. Our results indicate size- and species-based interactions between fish and zooplankton play an important role in regulating growth of age-0 fish.

scholarly journals Estimating the Returns to Schooling: A Comparison of Fixed Effects and Selection Effects Models for Twins

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
A. Agyeman
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Return To Schooling ◽  
The Relationship

Strong empirical links exist between the number of years spent schooling and earnings. How­ever, the relationship may be masked due to the effect of unobserved factors that influence both wages and schooling. Two of the main econometric models, namely fixed-effects and se­lection-effects, used to analyse returns to schooling were compared using monozygotic and di­zygotic twins’ datasets in Ghana. The efficiency of the models was assessed based on the stan­dard errors associated with the return to schooling estimates. Goodness of fit measures was used as a basis for comparison of the performance of the two models. The results revealed that based on their standard errors, the regression estimates from the selection effects model (MZ = 0.1014±0.0197; DZ = 0.0947±0.0095) were more efficient than the regression estimates from the fixed-effects model (MZ = 0.1115±0.0353; DZ = 0.082±0.0127). However, the AICc values of the fixed effects model (MZAICc = 57.8 and DZAICc = 105.4) were smaller than the AICc values of the selection effects model (MZAICc = 151.6 and DZAICc = 221.6). Findings from the study indicate that, although both models produced consistent estimates of the economic returns to schooling, the fixed effects model provided a better fit to the twins’ data set.

Alteration of Fish Communities in Lakes Stressed by Acid Deposition and Heavy Metals near Wawa, Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Somers ◽  
Harold H. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Degree Of Acidification

Based on chemical criteria such as excess sulfate and low bicarbonate relative to cation, 50 lakes in the Wawa area show some degree of acidification. We conclude that the observed perturbations of lake chemistry and fish populations were primarily the result of smelting operations in the Wawa area. Six lakes have acidified to pH 3.1–4.1 and had high concentrations of metals such as Al, Mn, and Fe. Most of the lakes were in contact with felsic and mafic metavolcanic rocks containing minerals such as siderite, and only a few lakes had granitic basins. The six most acidic lakes contained no fishes and some lakes in the fume-kill area had known losses of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations. Based on a regression of number of species on lake area for 34 lakes, it was estimated that 83 fish populations have been lost from 16 lakes. Fish community changes were difficult to assess due to the distributions of species in the four watersheds. The northern pike (Esox lucius)–walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)–yellow perch (Perca flavescens) community was found now to be present only in lakes distant from the source of emissions. The fish community with brook and/or lake trout as the top predator was the most affected.

Too Scared to Learn? The Academic Consequences of Feeling Unsafe in the Classroom

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Lacoe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
School Students ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Academic Consequences ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Robustness ◽  
Insight Into

A safe environment is a prerequisite for productive learning. Using a unique panel data set of survey responses from New York City middle school students, the article provides insight into the relationship between feelings of safety in the classroom and academic achievement. The survey data include the reported feelings of safety for more than 340,000 students annually from 2007 to 2010 in more than 700 middle schools. Findings show a consistent negative relationship between feeling unsafe in the classroom and test scores. The study provides insight into the mechanisms through which feeling unsafe in the classroom relates to test scores and presents multiple robustness checks to support the central finding.

An Information Matrix Test for the Collapsing of Categories Under the Partial Credit Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-750
Author(s):  
Daphna Harel ◽  
Russell J. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Model Misspecification ◽  
Information Matrix ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Partial Credit ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Reduction Technique ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Information Matrix Test

Collapsing categories is a commonly used data reduction technique; however, to date there do not exist principled methods to determine whether collapsing categories is appropriate in practice. With ordinal responses under the partial credit model, when collapsing categories, the true model for the collapsed data is no longer a partial credit model, and therefore refitting a partial credit model may result in model misspecification. This article details the implementation and performance of an information matrix test (IMT) to assess the implications of collapsing categories for a given data set under the partial credit model and compares its performance to the application of a nominal response model (NRM) and the S − X2 goodness-of-fit statistic. The IMT and NRM-based test are able to correctly determine the true number of categories for an item, given reasonable power through this goodness-of-fit test. We conclude by applying the test to a well-studied data set from the literature.

Optimal life histories and food web position: linkages among somatic growth, reproductive investment, and mortality

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Shuter ◽  
N P Lester ◽  
J LaRose ◽  
C F Purchase ◽  
K Vascotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Optimal Life Histories

Life history variation among 60 Ontario populations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), walleye (Sander vitreus), cisco (Coregonus artedii), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is presented and interpreted using a biphasic model of individual growth that specifically accounts for the significant shift in energy allocation that accompanies sexual maturity. We show that the constraints imposed on life history variation by the character of the biphasic growth model are such that optimal life histories will exhibit associations among growth parameters, reproductive investment, and mortality that are largely consistent with associations evident in both our data set and earlier empirical studies; the von Bertalanffy growth parameter k varies with reproductive investment, and both k and investment vary with adult mortality. Our analysis suggests that within a food web, life history parameters will shift in a predictable fashion with the decreases in mortality expected as one moves from primary consumers up toward top predators. This expectation is supported by the differences in life history parameters that we observe between the two top predators in our data set (lake trout and walleye) and the two mid-trophic level consumers (cisco and yellow perch).

Die Konstruktion von Natur – Central Park neu besichtigt | The Construction of Nature – Central Park Revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Hudson River School ◽  
The North ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

In the first half of the 19th century scientific philosophers in the United States, such as Emerson and Thoreau, began to pursue the relationship between man and nature. Painters from the Hudson River School discovered the rural spaces to the north of New York and began to celebrate the American landscape in their paintings. In many places at this time garden societies were founded, which generated widespread support for the creation of park enclosures While the first such were cemeteries with the character of parks, housing developments on the peripheries of towns were later set in generous park landscapes. However, the centres of the growing American cities also need green spaces and the so-called «park movement»reached a first high point with New York's Central Park. It was not only an experimental field for modern urban elements, but even today is a force of social cohesion.

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