Development and Performance of an Alaska Steeppass Fishway for Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger F. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
And Performance

A major introduced run of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska, is perpetuated by an Alaska steeppass fishway at a 10-m-high falls on the outlet river. Experimental modifications of the fishway, which was inadequate by 1970 as the salmon run increased, improved salmon entry and passage. Sockeye passage over 4 yr was nearly equivalent in a steeppass of 60 m continuous length (22% slope) and an adjoining steeppass with three resting pools, but significant year-to-year differences in passage occurred between steeppasses. Resting tanks were beneficial for holding slower or descending salmon without blocking passage of other salmon. An average entry of 142 sockeye in 15 min was achieved by guiding all salmon along a weir to an entrance tank with a vertical slot orifice. Chutes installed in the entry end of the steeppasses created a high-velocity stream for attraction and decreased salmon dropout from the entrance tank. Salmon passage in the original steeppasses with three resting pools was greater than in new (1979) steeppasses with a single resting pool. In 1985, sockeye passage of 2925/h and 46 806/d exceeded fishway capacity requirements.

Summer emigration and resource acquisition within a shared nursery lake by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from historically discrete rearing environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan K. Simmons ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Lisa W. Seeb ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
And Performance

Many fish species disperse broadly during juvenile life history stages. While this may enable persistence in variable environments, it may also produce novel competitive interactions in recipient habitats that contain conspecifics from other populations. Here we used genetics techniques to study the stock-specific movement and performance of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) between July and August of 2008 in an ecosystem characterized by extensive juvenile migration and environmental change: the Chignik Lake system, Alaska. Genetic composition of juvenile sockeye salmon in the lower nursery lake based on 45 single nucleotide polymorphism markers indicated that 2008 was characterized by earlier timing and larger magnitude of emigrations from the upper lake, where rearing conditions have become increasingly unstable in recent decades. However, the larger size of emigrants did not confer a clear advantage in foraging based on comparisons of growth and body condition with juveniles native to the lower lake. These results highlight how shifting environmental conditions may exert pressures on evolved behavior patterns and increase interactions between sympatric populations, a theme of increasing importance where ecological uncertainty is high.

Establishment of Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) Salmon Runs at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Blackett
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Enhancement Technique ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Salmon Fisheries ◽  
History Of

Runs of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were established at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska by adult spawner transplants, fry plants, and eyed-egg plants. Falls in the lake outlet formed a barrier to natural ascent of anadromous fish until construction of a fishpass in 1962. Accounts of successful introduction and development of viable and self-sustaining runs of salmon where none previously existed and the lake was inaccessible are scarce in the history of salmon fisheries on the Pacific Coast. The first sockeye returning to Frazer Lake in 1956 were produced from egg plants in 1951. Annual sockeye returns have progressively increased over a 28-yr period reaching record passage of 141 981 in 1978. Sockeye spawning has extended into new areas as returns increased. Spawning area capacity is projected to be sufficient for 365 000 sockeye while rearing area is estimated to be sufficient to support fry production from 400 000 sockeye. Sockeye returns per spawner have averaged 3.2 for six parent years (1966–71) in which returns are complete. A chinook run was created from plants of 160 000 fry over a 4-yr period beginning in 1966. Chinook have returned to spawn in specific sites of fry release above the falls and in the lower river. Key words: salmon introduction, enhancement technique, sockeye, chinook, Frazer Lake, salmon establishment

Density-Dependent, Trophic Level Responses to an Introduced Run of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kyle ◽  
J. P. Koenings ◽  
B. M. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Egg Plant ◽  
Threshold Length ◽  
Average Body Length ◽  
Average Body

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) have developed into a major run at Frazer Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska, reaching over 600 000 adults 34 yr after the first egg-plant in 1951. In the last nine years (1978–86), escapements have averaged over 250 000 with a record high of 486 000 adults in 1985. The increase in escapements were inversely related to seasonal macrozooplankton densities (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.42) but directly correlated with increases in the cladoceran to copepod ratio (p < 0.001). In addition, the average body length of the smallest macrozooplanker (Bosmina) has shifted below the observed threshold length of 0.40 mm for juvenile sockeye prey. We also found an inverse relationship between greater parental escapements and age 1. smolt length (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.75). Small-sized smolts produced from a density-dependent rearing environment indicate that spawning capacity equals or exceeds rearing capacity. Juvenile recruits from larger escapements (~400 000) exerted a controlling, density-dependent influence on the secondary trophic level which drastically reduced subsequent adult returns. Moreover, adverse trophic level changes, particularly after the largest escapements, also appeared to reduce the rearing efficiency for lower densities of juveniles, as subsequent smolt sizes from smaller escapements were less than expected. Thus, these findings not only provide a rationale for suggesting that fewer spawners would provide recruits more closely matching the rearing capacity of this lake, but also provide empirical evidence for the potential adverse density-dependent effects of large escapements.

Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus: Prevalence in Certain Alaskan Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Grischkowsky ◽  
Donald F. Amend
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Virus Prevalence ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
First Time

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus is reported for the first time in Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The virus was isolated from moribund juveniles at Kitoi Bay and from adults of 16 spawning stocks throughout the Bristol Bay, Kodiak Island, Cook Inlet, and the Gulf of Alaska areas.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

Reduced growth in wild juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka infected with sea lice

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Godwin ◽  
L. M. Dill ◽  
M. Krkošek ◽  
M. H. H. Price ◽  
J. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Sea Lice
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document