Assessing Juvenile Salmonid Response to Gas Supersaturation Using a General Multivariate Dose–Response Model

J. O. T. Jensen; J. Schnute; D. F. Alderdice

doi:10.1139/f86-213

Assessing Juvenile Salmonid Response to Gas Supersaturation Using a General Multivariate Dose–Response Model

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f86-213 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

pp. 1694-1709 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J. O. T. Jensen ◽

J. Schnute ◽

D. F. Alderdice

Keyword(s):

Water Depth ◽

Dose Response ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Fish Length ◽

Response Model ◽

Full Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Fish Size ◽

New Device

Based on data compiled from the literature, we investigate the effects of excess total gas pressure (TGP%) on juvenile salmonids (chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; coho, O. kisutch; sockeye, O. nerka; and steelhead, Salmo gairdneri). Our study relates exposure time to 50% mortality (ET50) to TGP%, component levels of dissolved oxygen (O2%) and nitrogen (N2%), water depth, temperature, barometric pressure (BP), and fish size. We employ a new device, called a tabular histogram, for exploratory data analysis. We also formulate and test statistical hypotheses by applying the general multivariate dose–response model described in a companion paper (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 1684–1693). When modeled in response to TGP%, ET50 follows a typical exponential dose–response relationship. Based on our full data set, two ancillary factors, water depth and fish length, significantly improve the model's ability to explain variations in ET50. Furthermore, based on a smaller subset of the data, either of the factors O2% or N2% also improve the model fit significantly. For 50-d exposures, apparently "safe" levels of TGP% range from 103.8 to 114.8%, depending on associated factor levels of water depth and fish size.

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Development of a dose–response model for Naegleria fowleri

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kara Dean ◽

Mark H. Weir ◽

Jade Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Response Model ◽

Naegleria Fowleri ◽

Data Set ◽

Response Models ◽

Exposure Pathway ◽

Accurate Dose ◽

Plumbing Systems ◽

Nægleria Fowleri ◽

Measured Response

Abstract This study develops novel dose–response models for Naegleria fowleri from selected peer-reviewed experiments on the virulence based on the intranasal exposure pathway. One data set measured the response of mice intranasally inoculated with the amebae and the other study addressed the response of mice swimming in N. fowleri infected water. The measured response for both studies was death. All experimental data were best fit by the beta-Poisson dose–response model. The three swimming experiments could be pooled, and this is the final recommended model with an LD50 of 13,257 amebae. The results of this study provide a better estimate of the probability of the risk to N. fowleri exposure than the previous models developed based on an intravenous exposure. An accurate dose–response model is the first step in quantifying the risk of free-living amebae like N. fowleri, which pose risks in recreational environments and have been detected in drinking water and premise plumbing systems. A better understanding of this risk will allow for risk management that limits the ability for pathogen growth, proliferation, and exposure.

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Estimating the tolerance of brachial plexus to hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy: a modelling-based approach from clinical experience

Radiation Oncology ◽

10.1186/s13014-021-01822-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Irina Kapitanova ◽

Sharmi Biswas ◽

Sabrina Divekar ◽

Eric J. Kemmerer ◽

Robert A. Rostock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brachial Plexus ◽

Dose Response ◽

Medical Center ◽

Probit Model ◽

Brachial Plexopathy ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Response Model ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Karolinska Institute ◽

Human Dose

Abstract Background Brachial plexopathy is a potentially serious complication from stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) that has not been widely studied. Therefore, we compared datasets from two different institutions and generated a brachial plexus dose–response model, to quantify what dose constraints would be needed to minimize the effect on normal tissue while still enabling potent therapy for the tumor. Methods Two published SBRT datasets were pooled and modeled from patients at Indiana University and the Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center from 1998 to 2007, as well as the Karolinska Institute from 2008 to 2013. All patients in both studies were treated with SBRT for apically located lung tumors localized superior to the aortic arch. Toxicities were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, and a probit dose response model was created with maximum likelihood parameter fitting. Results This analysis includes a total of 89 brachial plexus maximum point dose (Dmax) values from both institutions. Among the 14 patients who developed brachial plexopathy, the most common complications were grade 2, comprising 7 patients. The median follow-up was 30 months (range 6.1–72.2) in the Karolinska dataset, and the Indiana dataset had a median of 13 months (range 1–71). Both studies had a median range of 3 fractions, but in the Indiana dataset, 9 patients were treated in 4 fractions, and the paper did not differentiate between the two, so our analysis is considered to be in 3–4 fractions, one of the main limitations. The probit model showed that the risk of brachial plexopathy with Dmax of 26 Gy in 3–4 fractions is 10%, and 50% with Dmax of 70 Gy in 3–4 fractions. Conclusions This analysis is only a preliminary result because more details are needed as well as additional comprehensive datasets from a much broader cross-section of clinical practices. When more institutions join the QUANTEC and HyTEC methodology of reporting sufficient details to enable data pooling, our field will finally reach an improved understanding of human dose tolerance.

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Back in Time for Breakfast: An Analysis of the Changing Breakfast Cereal Aisle

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 489

Author(s):

Emilie Croisier ◽

Jaimee Hughes ◽

Stephanie Duncombe ◽

Sara Grafenauer

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fibre ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Health Claims ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Breakfast Cereal ◽

Full Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Time Points ◽

Total Fat ◽

Over Time

Breakfast cereal improves overall diet quality yet is under constant scrutiny with assertions that the category has not improved over time. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the category of breakfast cereals, the nutritional values, and health claims across eight distinct sub-categories at four time points (2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). An audit of products from four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney (Aldi, Coles, IGA, and Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information, claims and Health Star Rating (HSR) for biscuits and bites; brans; bubbles, puffs, and flakes; granola and clusters; hot cereal flavoured; hot cereal plain; muesli; breakfast biscuits. The median (IQR) were calculated for energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, and sodium for comparisons over time points by nutrient. Data from 2013 was compared with 2020 (by sub-category and then for a sub-section of common products available at each time point). Product numbers between 2013 (n = 283) and 2020 (n = 543) almost doubled, led by granola and clusters. Whole grain cereals ≥ 8 g/serve made up 67% of products (↑114%). While there were positive changes in nutrient composition over time within the full data set, the most notable changes were in the nutrition composition of cereals marketed as the same product in both years (n = 134); with decreases in mean carbohydrate (2%), sugar (10%) and sodium (16%) (p < 0.000), while protein and total fat increased significantly (p = 0.036; p = 0.021). Claims regarding Dietary Fibre and Whole Grain doubled since 2013. Analysis of sub-categories of breakfast cereal assisted in identifying some changes over time, but products common to both timeframes provided a clearer analysis of change within the breakfast category, following introduction of HSR. Whole grain products were lower in the two target nutrients, sodium and sugars, and well-chosen products represent a better choice within this category.

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Serum sodium changes in marathon participants who use NSAIDs

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Steven Whatmough ◽

Stephen Mears ◽

Courtney Kipps

Keyword(s):

Serum Sodium ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Large City ◽

Control Group ◽

Full Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Nsaid Group ◽

Total Body ◽

Average Serum ◽

Internal And External Factors

IntroductionThe primary mechanism through which the development of exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) occurs is excessive fluid intake. However, many internal and external factors have a role in the maintenance of total body water and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) have been implicated as a risk factor for the development of EAH. This study aimed to compare serum sodium concentrations ([Na]) in participants taking an NSAID before or during a marathon (NSAID group) and those not taking an NSAID (control group).MethodsParticipants in a large city marathon were recruited during race registration to participate in this study. Blood samples and body mass measurements took place on the morning of the marathon and immediately post marathon. Blood was analysed for [Na]. Data collected via questionnaires included athlete demographics, NSAID use and estimated fluid intake.ResultsWe obtained a full data set for 28 participants. Of these 28 participants, 16 took an NSAID on the day of the marathon. The average serum [Na] decreased by 2.1 mmol/L in the NSAID group, while it increased by 2.3 mmol/L in the control group NSAID group (p=0.0039). Estimated fluid intake was inversely correlated with both post-marathon serum [Na] and ∆ serum [Na] (r=−0.532, p=0.004 and r=−0.405 p=0.032, respectively).ConclusionSerum [Na] levels in participants who used an NSAID decreased over the course of the marathon while it increased in those who did not use an NSAID. Excessive fluid intake during a marathon was associated with a lower post-marathon serum [Na].

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Digestibility and Utilization of Canola Meal in Practical-Type Diets for Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f86-143 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1149-1155 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

J. W. Hilton ◽

S. J. Slinger

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Feed Ingredient ◽

High Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

High Level

The digestibility study indicated that dry matter digestibility of canola meal (CM) was low (56.2–60.4%), probably due to the high fiber content of this product and its relatively high level of complex carbohydrates. Energy and protein digestibility of CM were 72.4 and 83.2%, respectively, and the essential amino acid digestibilities were similar to those of protein in the CM. CM cannot successfully replace either soybean meal or fish meal in practical-type diets for young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) without sacrificing growth. Supplementation with additional arginine, lysine and zinc, or energy to CM-based diets did not overcome the growth depressing effects. CM supplementation to the trout diet affected the thyroid gland of the fish, producing a diffuse, microfollicular hyperplasia that increased in severity with increasing CM supplementation. Young rainbow trout appear to be more sensitive to dietary glucosinolates than chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and total glucosinolate levels of 158 μg/g or more are deleterious to these fish. We conclude that CM should not, at this time, be included as a feed ingredient in commercial trout diets for young rainbow trout.

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Lyman Break Galaxies at Redshiftz∼ 3: Survey Description and Full Data Set

The Astrophysical Journal ◽

10.1086/375772 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 592 (2) ◽

pp. 728-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 540

Author(s):

Charles C. Steidel ◽

Kurt L. Adelberger ◽

Alice E. Shapley ◽

Max Pettini ◽

Mark Dickinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Full Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Lyman Break Galaxies

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Changes in Post-Traumatic Symptom Pattern during and after Exposure to Extreme War Stress: An Uncontrolled, Preliminary Study Supporting the Dose-Response Model

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00007640 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Menachem Ben-Ezra ◽

Yuval Palgi ◽

Amit Shrira ◽

Dina Sternberg ◽

Nir Essar

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Medical Center ◽

External Stress ◽

Response Model ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

War Stress ◽

Symptom Pattern ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Stress Influences

AbstractIntroduction:Exposure to prolonged war stress is understudied. While there is debate regarding the empirical data of the dose-response model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about how weekly changes in external stress influences the level of PTSD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to measure the relation between objective external stress and PTSD symptoms across time, and thus, gain a deeper understating of the dose-response model.Hypothesis:The study hypothesis postulates that the more severe the external stressor, the more severe the exhibition of traumatic symptoms.Methods:Thirteen special army administrative staff (SAAS) members from the Rambam Medical Center in Haifa attended seven intervention meetings during the war. These personnel answered a battery of questionnaires regarding demographics and PTSD symptoms during each session. A non-parametric test was used in order to measure the changes in PTSD symptoms between sessions. Pearson correlations were used in order to study the relationship between the magnitude of external stressors and the severity of PTSD symptoms.Results:The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between the magnitude of external stressors and the severity of PTSD symptoms. These results are in line with the dose-response model.Conclusions:The results suggest that a pattern of decline in PTSD symptoms confirm the dose-response model for PTSD.

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Testing for Trends in Dose-Response Microarray Experiments: A Comparison of Several Testing Procedures, Multiplicity and Resampling-Based Inference

Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.2202/1544-6115.1283 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dan Lin ◽

Ziv Shkedy ◽

Dani Yekutieli ◽

Tomasz Burzykowski ◽

Hinrich W.H. Göhlmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dose Response ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Pharmaceutical Research ◽

Ratio Test ◽

Familywise Error Rate ◽

Response Level ◽

Data Set ◽

Monotonic Trend ◽

Testing Procedures

Dose-response studies are commonly used in experiments in pharmaceutical research in order to investigate the dependence of the response on dose, i.e., a trend of the response level toxicity with respect to dose. In this paper we focus on dose-response experiments within a microarray setting in which several microarrays are available for a sequence of increasing dose levels. A gene is called differentially expressed if there is a monotonic trend (with respect to dose) in the gene expression. We review several testing procedures which can be used in order to test equality among the gene expression means against ordered alternatives with respect to dose, namely Williams' (Williams 1971 and 1972), Marcus' (Marcus 1976), global likelihood ratio test (Bartholomew 1961, Barlow et al. 1972, and Robertson et al. 1988), and M (Hu et al. 2005) statistics. Additionally we introduce a modification to the standard error of the M statistic. We compare the performance of these five test statistics. Moreover, we discuss the issue of one-sided versus two-sided testing procedures. False Discovery Rate (Benjamni and Hochberg 1995, Ge et al. 2003), and resampling-based Familywise Error Rate (Westfall and Young 1993) are used to handle the multiple testing issue. The methods above are applied to a data set with 4 doses (3 arrays per dose) and 16,998 genes. Results on the number of significant genes from each statistic are discussed. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the power of each statistic. A R library IsoGene implementing the methods is available from the first author.

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