Transmission of Diphyllobothrium ditremum to Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) in Two Subarctic Quebec lakes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bérubé ◽  
Mark A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Infected Population

Diphyllobothrium ditremum (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) transmission to arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) was investigated at two small (<10 ha) lakes in northern Quebec, where the char populations exhibit a marked difference in plerocercoid prevalence (78 vs. 18%) and abundance (27.7 vs. 1.2 plerocercoids/fish). The highly infected char population was characterized by slow growth and poor feeding conditions. Feeding behavior of char in the two lakes differed principally in the fall, when consumption of benthos significantly decreased in the highly infected population as char fed more on copepods or sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Presence of these two food items in char stomachs was associated with high abundance of D. ditremum. The availability of alternative foods, such as larval insects and amphipods, appears to prevent char from acquiring heavy infections of D. ditremum, even in circumstances where all potential hosts are present.

Size and Food of Arctic Char Salvelinus alpinus and Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in Lake Mývatn

Oikos ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hákon Adalsteinsson ◽  
Hakon Adalsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Lake Mývatn

The Biology of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in Northern Labrador

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Andrews ◽  
E. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Size

Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) from the commercial sea run were sampled at five stations in northern Labrador. Otoliths were used for age determination. In the southern part of the range—Adlatok and Nain—commercial size is reached at 6 years and at places farther north in 7 years. There is also a tendency for older fish to occur as one proceeds north.Age, weight, and length frequencies as well as their relationship to one another were determined.Vertebral counts indicate little, if any, intermingling of populations between: Adlatok and Nain, Okkak Bay and Hebron, Adlatok and Ramah, Nain and Hebron. Fin ray counts conform with the vertebral results but indicate no significant difference between Adlatok and Nain or Nain and Okkak Bay fish.Variations in flesh colour from white to deep red is a distinct characteristic of Arctic char in northern Labrador; flesh colour has a distinct bearing on the market value of the fish.Principal food items included capelin, launce, young of mailed sculpin, Amphipoda, and Euphausiacea.

Parasitological evidence for specialized foraging behavior in lake-resident Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Curtis ◽  
Michel Bérubé ◽  
Andreas Stenzel
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Feeding Specialization

Analyses of statistical associations between the stomach contents and endoparasites of Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, from a small (9 ha) lake in northern Quebec revealed that food items found in fish stomachs at the time of capture frequently consisted of intermediate hosts for the parasites infecting the fish. Thus the stomach contents of Arctic char infected by Diphyllobothrium ditremum, D. dendriticum, and Eubothrium salvelini tended to include copepods, while fish infected by the digenean Crepidostomum farionis more frequently contained insect larvae (ephemeropterans) and fish infected by the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus lateralis most often had amphipods in their stomachs. Moreover, strong quantitative associations were evident between parasites utilizing intermediate hosts from either the benthic or the limnetic zone of the lake. This suggests that some degree of persistent feeding specialization was present among members of the Arctic char population over an extended period of time, with individual fish predominantly feeding upon prey organisms in either limnetic or benthic habitats. In this manner an allopatric Arctic char population may function analogously to more diverse fish communities, where specialist foraging behavior is developed to most efficiently exploit the food web.

First confirmation of salmonid alphavirus infection in Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and in Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
E Lewisch ◽  
T Frank ◽  
H Soliman ◽  
O Schachner ◽  
A Friedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Alphavirus Infection

scholarly journals Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Klobucar ◽  
Jessica A. Rick ◽  
Elizabeth G. Mandeville ◽  
Catherine E. Wagner ◽  
Phaedra Budy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Arctic Alaska

Influence of Parr Growth, Lake Morphology, and Freshwater Parasites on the Degree of Anadromy in Different Populations of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) in Northern Norway

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kristoffersen ◽  
Morten Halvorsen ◽  
Lisbeth Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Profundal Zone

Anadromy of nine lake populations of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Norway was scored on the following criteria: prevalence of marine parasites, fish size, and size at maturity. In general, anadromy dominated in shallow lakes and residency dominated in deep lakes. The anadromy scores of the populations were significantly higher in lakes without a profundal zone compared with lakes with a profundal zone. There was also a significant negative correlation between the relative volume of the profundal zone (RPV) and the degree of anadromy and between RPV and mean parr length at ages 2+ and 3+. However, differences in parr growth could not explain all the observed variation in anadromy, and the correlation between mean parr length at ages 2+ and 3+ and the degree of anadromy in the different populations was not significant. In addition to the effect on parr growth, lake morphology seemed to influence the degree of anadromy through the relative size of different habitats, which in turn affects the number of available niches. The parr weight/length relationship and infection with the freshwater parasites Phyllodistomum umblae and Diphyllobothrium spp. did not affect the degree of anadromy.

Respiratory development in Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus under conditions of normoxia and chronic hypoxia

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1461-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald ◽  
B. R. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Secondary Lamellae

Changes in surface morphology of the gills, ventilation rate, and heart rate were examined in Arctic char larvae exposed to normoxia (pO2 = 121 ± 6 (SE) mmHg) or chronic hypoxia (pO2 = 33 ± 3.5 mmHg) for 47 days after hatching. A modified weighted-averages technique was developed to measure aspects of gill morphology.Early development of the gills was characterized by rapid increases in filament size and number, and the emergence and proliferation of secondary lamellae. Variations in the dimensions of the gills, as noted in adult fish, were particularly evident in the larval fish.Hypoxia caused increases in both ventilation rate and heart rate. Prolonged exposure led to a retardation of gill growth, particularly the proliferation of secondary lamellae. However, growth of individual lamellae was stimulated between 38 and 47 days.

Annual Variations in Rheotactic Behaviour and Seawater Adaptability in Landlocked Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Seawater Challenge

The existence of basic smoltification characteristics, measured by means of seasonal changes in rheotactic behaviour and seawater adaptability, was studied from February to November in 1- and 2-yr-old landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Up- and downstream directed movements were monitored in an annular stream tank at a water velocity of 0.2 m/s. A 48-h seawater challenge test using 25‰ seawater was performed at monthly intervals throughout the year to assess seawater adaptability. The 1-yr-old char displayed mainly nondirectional behaviour during spring, but from August onwards the movements were predominantly against the current. Seawater performance improved slightly in this group in May and June. The 2-yr-old char progressively developed a downstream behaviour and exhibited an increased seawater adaptability during spring and early summer. In late August, a marked reversal in rheotactic behaviour occurred, followed by a rapid decrease in seawater tolerance. The results demonstrate that seasonal changes in seawater adaptability and changes in migratory behaviour which were directionally consistent with smolting still exist in a population of Arctic char that has been landlocked for about 6000 yr.

Summer stream habitat preferences of Nunavik anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) fry and parr

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Dubos ◽  
André St-Hilaire ◽  
Normand E Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Slow Velocity

Arctic char is a fish species known to occupy diverse habitats within the Arctic region. However, summer habitat use during the juvenile stage of the anadromous form is largely unknown. The present study aims to characterize fry and parr summer habitat preferences. Surveys were conducted by electrofishing, associated with physical habitat characterization on several rivers of the Ungava Bay, Nunavik, Canada. At the microhabitat and station scales, fry showed significant habitat preferences for shallow water and slow velocity. At the mesohabitat scale, fry showed a significant habitat selectivity for riffles. This habitat selectivity implies that habitat models can be built to evaluate the potential of habitat suitability for Arctic char fry. However, no significant habitat selectivity was found for parr. Parr size was nonetheless positively correlated with velocity, which was found to be a limitative factor for juvenile habitat use. This first attempt at modeling juvenile anadromous Arctic char habitat in rivers emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate spatial scale and reiterates the fact that parr showed relatively high plasticity in stream habitat selection.

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