Influence of Starvation and Subsequent Feeding on Body Composition and Energy Reserves in the Prawn Pandalus platyceros

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. C. Whyte ◽  
J. R. Englar ◽  
B. L. Carswell ◽  
K. E. Medic
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Major Energy Source ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Commercial Condition ◽  
Energy Assimilation ◽  
Pandalus Platyceros ◽  
Spot Prawn

Biochemical composition of body segments and physiological condition of the spot prawn (Pandalus platyceros) were determined during 84 d of starvation and 21 d of subsequent feeding. Maximum molting frequency, 1.79%∙d−1, occurred from day 22 to 43 and mortalities peaked at 0.81%∙d−1 on resumption of feeding. Ratios of wet weight of hepatopancreas to abdomen or whole body decreased on starvation and increased on feeding, and so provided an index of physiological condition. Uptake of moisture and chlorides with loss of other halides in prawn tissue resulted from starvation. Resting oxygen consumption rate declined by 50% after 40 d of starvation. Lipid in the hepatopancreas increased during early inanition to become the major energy source. Lipid contributed 73.1%, protein 20.6%, and carbohydrate 6.3% of total metabolized reserves. Hepatopancreas, carcass, and abdominal muscle generated 49.1, 33.4, and 17.5% of energy utilized. On subsequent feeding, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein accounted for 73.8, 20.1, and 6.1% of total caloric uptake with energy assimilation by body sections similar to depletion values. Spot prawn have sufficient reserves to remain in good commercial condition for 40 d without food.

Mariculture potential of the spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros Brandt

Aquaculture ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph O. Kelly ◽  
Arthur W. Haseltine ◽  
Earl E. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Pandalus Platyceros ◽  
Spot Prawn

The effects of metabolic inhibitors on the contraction of creatine-depleted muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Mainwood ◽  
M. Alward ◽  
B. Eiselt
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

Rats were fed on a diet containing 1% β-guanidinopropionate (Gp) to deplete their muscles of creatine. The apparent energy reserves (creatine phosphate (CrP) + ATP) of rested state diaphragm muscle strips were found to be 79% depleted by this treatment. To determine if the effective energy reserves for contraction were depleted to a similar extent, the response to direct electrical stimulation (0.2-s tetani) was measured in the presence of inhibitors of respiration (NaCN) and glycolysis (iodoacetate). Only 4 ± 1 contractions could be elicited from strips from Gp-fed animals. Normal strips gave 15 ± 2 contractions under the same conditions. For both sets of diaphragms the energetic cost of contraction in terms of ~P was approximately 1 μmol/g wet weight. The mean level of Pi generated following stimulation to exhaustion was 10.1 μmol/g more in normal than in depleted strips. It is concluded that no significant additional energy stores such as phosphorylated Gp are readily available for contraction in muscles depleted of creatine by Gp treatment.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Waterborne Arsenite to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Rankin ◽  
D. G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Wet Weight

The 144-h LC50 (95% fiducial limits) of arsenite for 4.5-g rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was 18.5 (17.9–19.1) mg∙L−1. In a pair-fed growth study which exposed trout to 0.0, 0.76, 2.48, or 9.64 mg arsenite∙L−1 over 17 wk, growth was significantly reduced (by 55%) only at 9.64 mg∙L−1. The reduction was attributable to both reduced appetite (primarily) and direct metabolic impact (marginally). Fish at 9.64 mg∙L−1 suffered 10% mortality, usually associated with necrotic erosion of the mandibular and olfactory regions of the head. All fish exposed to 9.64 mg∙L−1 showed inflammation of the gallbladder wall, a lesion absent at lower exposure concentrations. There were no arsenite impacts on hepato- and splenosomatic index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total plasma lipid, cholesterol, and protein or brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Exposure to 0.0, 0.76, 2.48, and 9.64 mg arsenite∙L−1 for 26 wk resulted in mean (SE) equilibrium whole-body As concentrations of 0.3 (0.02), 0.2 (0.02), 0.4 (0.10), and 1.7 (0.40) μg As∙g wet weight−1, respectively, No depuration below these concentrations occurred during a 12-d period in arsenite-free water. The threshold of chronic toxicity was estimated to be 4.9 mg∙L−1.

Increased uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose by skeletal muscles in endotoxin-treated rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. E33-E39 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meszaros ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
C. H. Lang ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Lumped Constant ◽  
And Control

Glucose metabolism of respiratory and nonrespiratory muscles of different fiber composition was investigated in conscious rats. The accumulation of phosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose (2DGP) was increased in skeletal muscles by 56-102% and in diaphragm by 236% at 3 h after treatment with 100 micrograms/100 g endotoxin. The increase was still marked at 24 h, whereas it diminished at 48 h in the diaphragm, abdominal muscle, and white portion of the quadriceps. In the red portion of this muscle 2DGP accumulation was less than that in time-matched controls at 24 and 48 h. Whole gastrocnemius (mixed-fiber types) showed no changes after 24 h. The high 2DGP accumulation in brain remained stable. The retention of 2DGP in tissues, studied by sequential double labeling, did not change 3 h after endotoxin. The lumped constant was similar in the isolated epitrochlear muscles of endotoxemic and control rats. Whole-body glucose utilization (Rd) was increased by 68% 3 h after endotoxin, but it was normal at 24 and 48 h. The increase of glucose utilization by the entire skeletal muscle mass was responsible for approximately 25% of the increase in Rd; therefore it appears that other tissues also contributed significantly to the endotoxin-induced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism.

Effect of Temperature on the Chronic Toxicity of Arsenate to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2228-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. McGeachy ◽  
D. G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Weight Condition ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Body Concentration

The effects of water temperature (5 or 15 °C) on the toxicity of arsenate to rainbow trout were examined over an 11-wk period. The fish were exposed to nominal arsenate concentrations set as fixed proportions of the 144-h LC50s for arsenate at their respective temperature (5 °C: 0, 1.5, 18, and 36 mg∙L−1; 15 °C: 0, 1.5, 9, and 18 mg∙L−1). Arsenate toxicity was assessed in terms of mortality, total arsenic concentration, wet weight, condition factor, liver and muscle glycogen levels, hepato- and splenosomatic indices, and histopathology. Contrary to the previously reported relationship between acute toxicity and temperature, trout were more tolerant of chronic exposure to arsenate at 15 °C than at 5 °C. While the high-exposure concentration (5 °C, 36 mg∙L−1; 15 °C, 18 mg∙L−1) fish at both temperatures attained the same internal arsenic concentration (2 to 3 μg∙g−1), up to 50% of those fish tested at 5 °C died. The whole-body arsenic concentrations in moribund trout were found to vary between 4 and 6 μg∙g−1, suggesting that a critical arsenic body-concentration is reached before death or toxicant insult occur.

scholarly journals Rapid development of systemic insulin resistance with overeating is not accompanied by robust changes in skeletal muscle glucose and lipid metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Cornford ◽  
Alexander Hinko ◽  
Rachael K. Nelson ◽  
Ariel L. Barkan ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Wet Weight

Prolonged overeating and the resultant weight gain are clearly linked with the development of insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic abnormalities, but adaptations that occur after relatively short periods of overeating are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic adaptations that may accompany the development of insulin resistance after 2 weeks of overeating. Healthy, nonobese subjects (n = 9) were admitted to the hospital for 2 weeks, during which time they ate ∼4000 kcals·day−1 (70 kcal·kg−1 fat free mass·day−1). Insulin sensitivity was estimated during a meal tolerance test, and a muscle biopsy was obtained to assess muscle lipid accumulation and protein markers associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. Whole-body insulin sensitivity declined markedly after 2 weeks of overeating (Matsuda composite index: 8.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.05). However, muscle markers of insulin resistance and inflammation (i.e., phosphorylation of IRS-1-Ser312, Akt-Ser473, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) were not altered by overeating. Intramyocellular lipids tended to increase after 2 weeks of overeating (triacylglyceride: 7.6 ± 1.6 vs. 10.0 ± 1.8 nmol·mg−1 wet weight; diacylglyceride: 104 ± 10 vs. 142 ± 23 pmol·mg−1 wet weight) but these changes did not reach statistical significance. Overeating induced a 2-fold increase in 24-h insulin response (area under the curve (AUC); p < 0.05), with a resultant ∼35% reduction in 24-h plasma fatty acid AUC (p < 0.05). This chronic reduction in circulating fatty acids may help explain the lack of a robust increase in muscle lipid accumulation. In summary, our findings suggest alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism may not contribute meaningfully to the marked whole-body insulin resistance observed after 2 weeks of overeating.

scholarly journals Effects of Whole Body Vibration exercise on Lumbar-Abdominal Muscles Activation for patients with chronic low back pain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yulin dong ◽  
huifang wang ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Binlin Chen ◽  
Yili Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Body Vibration

Abstract BackgroundWhole body vibration (WBV) training as an intervention method can cure chronic low back pain (CLBP). Different WBV parameters exert different effects on lumbar-abdominal muscle performance. Currently, there is a lack of study researched the influence of WBV training on patients with CLBP by lumbar–abdominal muscle activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how WBV and exercise and their interactions influence lumbar-abdominal muscle activity in patients with CLBP.Methodsa group of ambulatory patients with chronic low back pain. Muscle activities of the multifidus, erector spinae, abdominal oblique externus muscle and the rectus abdominis muscle were measured by surface electromyography, whereas participants performed 4 different exercises during three whole body vibration conditions and a no-vibration condition in a single experimental session.ResultsCompared with the same exercises without whole body vibration, muscle activity increased when whole body vibration was added to the exercises. The frequency and exercise presented significant effects on the root mean square of multifidus, whereas exercise and frequency also resulted in significant interaction effects.ConclusionAdding whole body vibration to exercise could increase muscle activation of lumbar–abdominal muscle in patients with CLBP. The optimum frequency for lumbar–abdominal muscles is 15 Hz. The best exercises include plank for multifidus and erector spinae, V crunch for rectus abdominis and single bridge for abdominal oblique externus.Trial registration:ChiCTR-TRC-13003708. Registered 19 October 2013, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5852

Tag Retention of the Spot Prawn, Pandalus platyceros, Injected With Coded Wire Tags

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2196-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl F. Prentice ◽  
John E. Rensel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Pandalus Platyceros ◽  
Spot Prawn ◽  
Coded Wire Tags

Juvenile spot prawns, Pandalus platyceros (initial carapace length 15.0–22.5 mm), were successfully tagged with Bergman–Jefferts coded wire tags in the thoracic sinus. Tagged prawns, prawns subject to tagging needle insertion but without tags, and a control group were tested. No significant differences in growth and survival within or between test groups occurred and no behavioral changes were observed among tagged animals. All tagged prawns molted at least twice during the 6-mo experiment. Average tag retention was 95%. Key words: Pandalus platyceros, tagging, tag retention, molting, survival

Concentrations of Inorganic Elements and Fatty Acids in Geographic Populations of the Spot Prawn Pandalus platyceros

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. C. Whyte ◽  
J. A. Boutillier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pandalus Platyceros ◽  
Spot Prawn

Inorganic elements and fatty acids were quantified in body segments of different size classes of the spot prawn Pandalus platyceros collected from various locations in British Columbia. Substantial differences in concentration of elements occurred in different body segments of the spot prawn, with the exoskeleton accumulating the highest number of quantifiable elements. Comparison of elements in abdomen carapace and tissue from immature males, mature males, and females indicated no correlation between element concentration and size, age, or sex of the spot prawn. Fatty acid profiles were similar for all body parts, except the hepatopancreas, and of the major fatty acids, only the content of 18:1n9 increased significantly with age of the spot prawn. Fatty acids and elements in the abdomen tissue of spot prawns from different locations were not significantly different and indicated similarity of diet irrespective of location. The concentrations of elements absorbed into the carapace of female spot prawns from separate geographic locations were substantially different, suggesting incorporation from elements in the ambient seawater, rather than uptake from diet, or any genetic variability associated with element metabolism in the spot prawn. The levels obtained for metallic elements in the spot prawn provide a measure against which future environmental impact could be assessed.

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