Potential of Parasites for Use as Biological Indicators of Migration, Feeding, and Spawning Behavior of Northwestern Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1957-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. McGladdery ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nova Scotian ◽  
Hysterothylacium Aduncum

A parasite survey of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, collected from the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotian Shelf, and Gulf of St. Lawrence, was conducted from May 1981 to November 1983. A total of 2380 herring were examined and 18 parasite species identified. These included the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus gadi previously unreported from herring in the northwestern Atlantic and the monogenean Gyrodactyloides andriaschewski herein described from herring for the first time. The geographic distributions of the parasites, their seasonal dynamics, and relation to size of herring were recorded to determine whether they could be used as biological indicators, both to differentiate between individual herring populations and to determine their movements. Seven of the 18 species identified showed varying degrees of potential as biological indicators. Although no single parasite species was found which could clearly differentiate one population of herring from another, the differential prevalences and intensities of Anisakis simplex, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Derogenes varicus, Lecithaster gibbosus, Cryptocotyle lingua, Scolex pleuronectis, and Eimeria sardinae all provided valuable contributions to the knowledge already accumulated on herring migration, feeding, and spawning behavior. Parasite indicators, used in conjunction with other data and techniques, could eventually be used to distinguish between individual populations of herring.

Recurrence of Kills of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) Caused by Dinoflagellate Toxins Transferred Through Herbivorous Zooplankton

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2262-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. White
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Herbivorous Zooplankton ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Kills of adult herring occurred in two locations in the southwestern Bay of Fundy in July 1979 during a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata. Fish showed the same symptoms as in a herring kill linked to G. excavata toxins in 1976. Herring stomachs contained G. excavata toxins (66–245 μg/100 g guts), the cladoceran Evadne nordmanni, and yellow-brown material probably of algal origin. At the time of the kills the zooplankton community was overwhelmingly dominated by E. nordmanni. Furthermore, bioassays showed the presence of G. excavata toxins in the zooplankters (18 μg/g wet plankton). Combined with evidence from the 1976 kill in which pteropods were vectors of the toxins, and with results from recent field and laboratory studies, these new observations and results substantiate that (1) G. excavata toxins can, and do, cause herring kills in nature with planktonic herbivores, E. nordmanni in this case, acting as vectors, and (2) the toxin transfer mechanism is a general phenomenon among herbivorous zooplankton. Similar food chain events may affect finfish in other areas of the world which experience blooms of toxic dinoflagellates.Key words: dinoflagellate toxins, Gonyaulax excavata, herring kills, Clupea harengus harengus, cladoceran, Evadne nordmanni, red tides, zooplankton, fish kills

Marine and estuarine piscicolid leeches (Hirudinea) of the Bay of Fundy and adjacent waters with a key to species

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph G. Appy ◽  
Michael J. Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Alosa Sapidissima ◽  
Pigmentation Pattern ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
First Time

The leeches (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) Calliobdella vivida (Verrill, 1872), Malmiana brunnea (Johansson, 1896), M. scorpii (Malm, 1863), Oceanobdella sexoculata (Malm, 1863), Platybdella anarrhichae (Diesing, 1859), Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851, Mysidobdella borealis (Johansson, 1899), and Oxytonostoma typica Malm, 1863 are reported from the Bay of Fundy region. Extensions of northern ranges are given for C. vivida and M. lugubris from the inner Bay of Fundy. Oxytonostoma typica is reported for the first time from Raja senta and R. erinacea. Anarhichus lupus, Acipenser oxyrhynchus, Clupea harengus, and Alosa sapidissima are new hosts for C. vivida. Additional data on morphology, pigmentation pattern, and prevalence are given for O. typica, O. sexoculata, M. scorpii, and P. anarrhichae. A key to marine and estuarine leeches presently known from the Bay of Fundy and adjacent waters is given.

Management of the 4WX Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Fishery: An Evaluation of Recent Events

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2742-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Stephenson ◽  
D. E. Lane ◽  
D. G. Aldous ◽  
R. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Individual Transferable Quota ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Limited Entry ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
To Come

The Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) fishery of the Scotian Shelf and Bay of Fundy regions of Canada (NAFO Divisions 4W and 4X) is pursued with multiple gear types including traps, gill nets and purse seines, which have evolved in importance over time with changing market emphasis. It was one of the first commercial fisheries to be regulated by limited entry (since 1970), and in 1972 it was the first to come under nationally allocated annual total allowable catch (TAC) limits. In 1976 an individual vessel quota scheme for purse seiners was established and operated jointly by the regulator and the harvesting sector. That initiative formed the basis of the 1983 10-Year Management Plan for 4WX herring that is reviewed and evaluated in this paper. The Plan, while not expressly achieving its original goals, and not fully realizing the implicit benefits of an individual transferable quota (ITQ) system, has contributed to the continuation of consensus management of this, the only large Atlantic herring fishery which has not suffered a major collapse. The development of successful management plans in the future must deal explicitly with ongoing problems of unstable markets for herring products and under-reporting of catches.

Metazoan parasites from herring (Clupea harengus L.) as biological indicators in the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Unger ◽  
Sven Klimpel ◽  
Thomas Lang ◽  
Harry Palm
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractZoographical distribution of metazoan fish parasites in herring, Clupea harengus, from the Baltic Sea was analysed in order to use them as potential biological indicators. A total of 210 herring from six different sampling sites were investigated, harbouring 12 different parasite species [five digeneans (D), one cestode (C), three nematodes (N) and three acanthocephalans (A)]. The distribution of the parasite species differed according to region, with a distinct gradient of decreasing species richness towards the east of the Baltic Sea. The western localities at Kiel Bay, Rügen and Poland had the highest parasite diversity, including the marine parasite species Anisakis simplex (s.s.) (N), Brachyphallus crenatus and Hemiurus luehei (both D). The eastern localities had low parasite species richness, predominated by the freshwater digenean Diplostomum spathaceum. We could identify three different Baltic herring stocks, the spring-spawning herring of the western Baltic reaching from the Kattegat to the German and Polish coast, the stock of the central Baltic proper and the northern stock of C. harengus var. membras of the Gulf of Finland. The limited distribution of the herring parasites within the Baltic Sea enables their use as biological indicators for migration patterns and stock separation. The acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis that has already been used as an accumulation bioindicator for heavy metals was only recorded for the western herring stocks. However, the presence of mainly generalistic parasites and their uneven distribution patterns make their use as indicators for regional environmental and global change more difficult.

Reappearance of Spawning Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) on Georges Bank: Population Resurgence not Recolonization

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Stephenson ◽  
Irv Kornfield
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Discrete Population ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
First Time ◽  
Population Concept ◽  
Lineage Diversity

Spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus L.) have been recorded on Georges Bank for the first time since the collapse in 1977 of what had once been the largest herring fishery in the Northwest Atlantic. The reappearance after almost a decade could have resulted from resurgence of a residual extant Georges Bank population or from recolonization by fish from neighboring spawning groups. Three independent lines of evidence are consistent with the resurgence hypothesis: the Georges bank fish differed in age composition and isozyme characteristics from neighboring populations, and the reappearance was later than expected for recolonization. The degree of isozyme variability and of mitochondrial DNA lineage diversity gave no indication that stochastic events influenced the genetic structure of the herring population at Georges Bank after the collapse. The persistence of this population, in spite of considerable potential for recolonization, supports the discrete population concept in herring.

Predicting the Movements of Juvenile Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) in the SW Bay of Fundy Using Computer Simulation Techniques

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesario L. Jovellanos ◽  
David E. Gaskin
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Size Segregation ◽  
Fish Schools ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
Cross Current ◽  
Computer Simulation Techniques

A simulation model of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) locomotion was used to predict the movements and distribution of 2-yr-old juveniles during the summer within the Quoddy region of the southwestern Bay of Fundy. The model assumed herring (i) swim at speeds of 1–2 body lengths per second, (ii) exhibit positive rheotaxis, and (iii) display cross-current movements whose frequency varies inversely with the speed of the current. Independent sets of simulated fish schools were introduced into a computer model of the study area at two sites (Letete approaches, Head Harbor approaches) and tide phases (slack low water, slack high water). Only those simulated schools entering through the Letete approaches at slack low water yielded the spatial pattern showing significant concordance with catch-by-weir records, acoustic survey data, and the distribution of foraging flocks of common terns (Sterna hirundo). The simulation indicated high mortality due to the weir fishery and the possibility of size-segregation in Quoddy herring.Key words: acoustics, Bay of Fundy, distribution, herring, locomotion, model, movements, Quoddy region, simulation, weir fishery

Structure and seasonal dynamics of helminth fauna of the great tit Parus major (Passeriformes, Paridae) from Samarskaya Luka

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Kirillova ◽  
A.A. Kirillov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time ◽  
Samarskaya Luka

The purpose of the research: the study of structure and seasonal dynamics of the species composition of helminth fauna of the great tit from Samarskaya Luka. materials and methods. 60 individuals of the great tit were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissection. The catching of birds was carried out with trapping nets. Parasitological objects were treated according to standard methods. The obtained data were statistically processed using the Kovnatsky dominance index, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results and discussion. Helminth fauna of the great tit from Samarskaya Luka was studied for the first time. The analysis of the structure and seasonal dynamics of the species composition of bird parasites was carried out. Helminth fauna of the great tit includes 11 parasite species. Cestodes and trematodes (5 species each) form the basis of helminth fauna. Only one nematode species (Physocephalus sexalatus, larvae) was revealed in tits. For the first time, the cestode Emberizotaenia reductorhyncha was found in birds from the Volga Basin. The great tit was registered as a new host for cestodes Wardium farciminosa and Passerilepis spasskii. Seasonal dynamics of helminth fauna of the great tit is connected with appearance or disappearance of rare parasites. Altogether, two parasite species occur in birds in all year seasons. The greatest diversity of parasites is observed in summer (11 species). In autumn (7) and spring (2) the parasite fauna is less abundant and diverse. Keywords

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus L.) Populations Spawning in the Vicinity of Marginal Habitats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e111985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Eggers ◽  
Aril Slotte ◽  
Lísa Anne Libungan ◽  
Arne Johannessen ◽  
Cecilie Kvamme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Marginal Habitats

Dinoflagellate Toxins as Probable Cause of an Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) Kill, and Pteropods as Apparent Vector

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2421-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. White
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Toxic Dinoflagellate ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Stomachs of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) from a kill that occurred in the Bay of Fundy during a bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata contained pteropods, algal remains, and paralytic toxins. Experiments show that comparable amounts of G. excavata toxins can kill herring rapidly. It is likely that the kill was caused by paralytic dinoflagellate toxins, and that the pteropod Limacina retroversa, a planktonic herbivore, acted as a vector of the toxins. Key words: Dinoflagellate toxins, Gonyaulax excavata, herring kill, Clupea harengus harengus, pteropod, Limacina retroversa

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