Aluminum Bioaccumulation and Toxicity to Daphnia magna in Soft Water at Low pH

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1741-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Havas
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Zooplanktivorous Fish ◽  
Al Content

Aluminum may be either harmful or beneficial to Daphnia magna (Straus) depending on pH and on the Al concentration in the water. My results are based on laboratory experiments conducted at various concentrations of total Al (0.02–1.02 mg/L) in soft water (2.5 and 12.5 mg Ca/L) adjusted from pH 6.5 to 4.5. Maximum Al toxicity and maximum Al bioaccumulation were observed at pH 6.5 (at and above 0.32 mg total Al/L). At lower pHs ([Formula: see text]), H+ was toxic to D. magna. Aluminum (1.02 mg/L) temporarily ameliorated H+ toxicity at pH 4.5. Calcium reduced H+ toxicity at pH 5.0 and Al toxicity at pH 6.5. Mortality in the presence of Al and also at low pH was associated with a net loss of Na and Cl from the daphnids. The Ca content of the daphnids was highly variable and showed no consistent pattern apart from a negative correlation with the Al content of the daphnids at pH 5.0 and 5.5. The 24-h bioconcentration ratio for Al was 10 000 at pH 6.5,4000 at pH 5.0, and negligible at pH 4.5. The rapid uptake of Al, particularly at circumneutral pHs, may be an additional source of Al for zooplanktivorous fish and other predators.

Effect of low pH on sodium regulation in two species of Daphnia

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Havas ◽  
Thomas C. Hutchinson ◽  
Gene E. Likens
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Daphnia Middendorffiana ◽  
Sodium Loss ◽  
Sodium Regulation

The effect of low pH on sodium-22 influx and outflux of Daphnia magna and Daphnia middendorffiana was assessed. Experiments were conducted in both hard and soft water with experimental pHs ranging from 3.5 to 8.0. In hard water, at and below pH 4.0, there was a net loss of sodium from both species. The rate of sodium loss (outflux) increased significantly, while the rate of uptake (influx) remained constant at pH 4.0 compared with the reference pH 8.0. Only at extremely low pH (pH 3.5) was sodium influx inhibited in hard water. In soft water, D. magna responded quite differently. Sodium influx was inhibited by 23% at pH 5.0 and by 69% at pH 4.5 compared with the control (pH 6.5). Sodium outflux was stimulated to 125% of the control at pH 4.5. The net loss of sodium in soft water was due to both an increase in sodium outflux and a decrease in sodium influx, while in hard water the effect was primarily on sodium outflux. Daphnia magna and D. middendorffiana have problems with sodium regulation below pH 5.5 in soft water and below pH 4.5 in hard water, which indicates that they are considerably more sensitive to low pH in soft water than in hard water.

Variation in tolerance to low environmental pH by the crayfish Orconectes rusticus, O. propinquus, and Cambarus robustus

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2586-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Berrill ◽  
Lois Hollett ◽  
Arlene Margosian ◽  
Jeff Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Orconectes Rusticus ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Crayfish Species

We compared the tolerance of three common Ontario crayfish species to low pH under natural and laboratory conditions in water varying in aluminum concentration and hardness. Both transplant and laboratory experiments indicated that exposure to a pH range of 5.4–6.1 in soft water was toxic to attached juvenile stages of Orconectes rusticus and O. propinquus but not to females carrying the broods. In contrast, stage III juveniles of Cambarus robustus molted and survived in soft water at pH 4. Cambarus robustus is clearly far less sensitive to low pH stress than the two Orconectes species. No increased mortality due to the presence of elevated aluminum occurred among stage III juveniles of the three species exposed to pH 4.5–5.0 in soft water. Physiological differences, augmented by differences in life cycle, may account for the continued presence of C. robustus in acid-stressed lakes and streams.

scholarly journals UJI KETAHANAN TERHADAP ALUMINIUM DAN pH RENDAH PADA JAGUNG (Zea mays L) VARIETAS PIONEER DAN SRIKANDI SECARA IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Sri Romaito Dalimunthe ◽  
Abdullah Bin Arif ◽  
Irpan Badrul Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Relative Root Length ◽  
Relative Root

One effort to increase maize productivity is by using marginal land for maize plantation. The marginal land that can be used is acid soil, but the problem are Al toxicity and low pH. To cope with these problems, cultivars having tolerance to Al toxicity and low pH are needed. Plant material used in this research were two maize varieties (Pioneer and Srikandi). Media selection is used there are 4 doses treatment aluminium (0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm AlCl3). All variables were observed except at the variable width of the leaf in this results showed that the treatment of aluminium (AlCl3) would not influence. Treatment combination Variety Srikandi and 250 ppm AlCl3 produces plant height, leaf length and leaf width is the shortest compared to other treatments. Variety Pioneer and Srikandi are suspected of varieties resistant aluminum and low pH values based on relative root length.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Eugenia dysenterica to Aluminum: Germination and Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Sebastião Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho ◽  
Caroline Müller ◽  
Douglas Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana de Fátima Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Starch Grain ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Native Cerrado plants are exposed to soils with low pH and high availability of Al. In this study, we measured the Al content in adult plants, and investigated the effects of various Al doses on germination and early development of Eugenia dysenterica plants. For germination tests, the seeds were soaked in Al solution and evaluated for twenty days in growth chambers. In a second experiment, young plants were cultivated in hydroponic systems with various Al concentrations to evaluate the morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics of E. dysenterica. Anatomical changes and low germinative vigor were observed in seeds germinated in 600 and 800 μmol Al3+ L−1. In the hydroponic system, 200 μmol Al3+ L−1 stimulated root growth in young plants. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of phenolic compounds were greatest at the highest Al doses, preventing changes in gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Starch grain accumulation was noted in plant cells exposed to 200 and 400 μmol Al3+ L−1. Adult E. dysenterica trees also accumulated Al in leaves, bark and seeds. These data suggest that E. dysenterica is tolerant to Al.

Effects of Aluminum on the Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens: Life Stag Comparisons and Aluminum Uptake

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Freda ◽  
D. Gordon McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Percent Mortality

In this study, we conducted a series of toxicity tests investigating the response of embryos, prestage 25 tadpoles and 3-wk old tadpoles of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) to a wide range pf pH (4.2–4.8) and Al (0–1000 μg∙:L−1}, and to pH 6.5 with no Al present. In embryos and prestage 25 tadpoles, Al ameliorated the toxic effects of very low pH's (4.2–4.4), while becoming toxic at higher pH's (4.6–4.8). Although both embryos and prestage 25 tadpoles were killed by low pH (pH 4.2–4.4 and 4.2, respectively) and elevated Al ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Al, respectively), embryos were relatively more sensitive (i.e. higher percent mortality) to low pH, whereas prestage 25 tadpoles were relatively more sensitive to Al Three week old tadpoles did not die at any test pH (without Al) and mortality (>20%) caused by Al occurred at only pH 4.8 and 750–1000 μg∙L−1 Al. The body sodium concentrations of 3-wk old tadpoles that survived high Al exposure were depressed indicating sublethal stress. Whole body Al uptake in 3-wk old tadpoles was also elevated in water containing high concentrations of Al, but it was positively related to water pH and exposure time. This result suggests that body Al content is not an accurate indicator of Al exposure in tadpoles living in acidic, Al contaminated ponds.

Can natural levels of Al influence Cu speciation and toxicity to Daphnia magna in a Swedish soft water lake?

Chemosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hoppe ◽  
J.-P. Gustafsson ◽  
H. Borg ◽  
M. Breitholtz
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Water Lake ◽  
Soft Water Lake

Effects of Acid Water and Aluminum on Parr–Smolt Transformation and Seawater Tolerance in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1816-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magne Staurnes ◽  
Per Blix ◽  
Ola B. Reite
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Seawater Tolerance

Smolting Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were kept from 11 April to 24 May in soft water of pH 5 or in soft water of pH 5 and 50 μg aluminum (Al)∙L−1. Control fish were kept in soft water of pH 6.3–6.5. Water temperature was 8–14 °C. In mid-May, some of the control smolts were transferred to the test conditions for 8 d. Exposure to acid water resulted in osmoregulatory failure and high mortality rate. Al strongly enhanced toxicity. Sensitivity to low pH or low pH/Al exposure greatly increased when fish had developed to seawater tolerant smolts. In control and acid-exposed fish, gill carbonic anhydrase activity remained unchanged throughout the experiment whereas in Al-exposed fish, carbonic anhydrase activity decreased. Gill Na+K+-ATPase activity in control fish peaked in mid-May simulanteously with development of seawater tolerance. Fish from both acid-exposed groups had low seawater tolerance. Na+,K+-ATPase activity declined to 60% of start value in acid-exposed fish and to parr level in Al-exposed fish. Hypoosmoregulatory ability was linearly correlated with gill Na+K+-ATPase activity. Reduction in plasma Na+ concentration in acid-exposed fish was linearly correlated with the reduction in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity.

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