Stress Response and Blood Characteristics of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after Anesthesia with Etomidate

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2105-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalor Limsuwan ◽  
Tasanee Limsuwan ◽  
John M. Grizzle ◽  
John A. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Blood Characteristics

Continuous anesthesia of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with 0.6 mg/L etomidate for 96 h caused a small but statistically significant decrease in plasma protein concentration at all sampling periods. Hemoconcentration, indicated by increased total erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, resulted from anesthesia with 1–4 mg/L etomidate for 30–180 min. Periodic removal of fish from 400-L troughs stressed other unanesthetized fish in the trough causing significantly increased plasma corticosteroid, glucose, and protein concentrations. Anesthetized fish were not stressed by the periodic sampling. Fish anesthetized with 3 mg/L etomidate and then confined in a net for 10 min had reduced plasma Cortisol response and no significant plasma glucose increase compared with unanesthetized controls. Anesthesia did not prevent hyperchloremia that developed 3 h after the 10-min confinement. No histological changes were found in fish anesthetized with etomidate. Anesthesia with etomidate before netting could be useful when handling fish because of the reduced stress response.

scholarly journals Tail Docking of Piglets 2: Effects of Meloxicam on the Stress Response to Tail Docking

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Rebecca Morrison ◽  
Paul Hemsworth
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Acute Stress Response

This experiment assessed the efficacy of the cauterisation procedure with or without pain relief (injectable meloxicam) in mitigating the acute stress response to tail docking. Male piglets (n = 432) were allocated to the following treatments at 2-d post-farrowing: (1) no handling, (2) sham handling, (3) tail docked using clippers, (4) tail docked using a cauteriser, (5) meloxicam + clipper, and (6) meloxicam + cauteriser. Meloxicam treatments used Metacam® at 5 mg/mL injected i.m. 1 h prior to tail docking. Blood samples were collected at 15 and 30 min post-treatment and analysed for total plasma cortisol. Behaviours indicative of pain such as escape attempts, vocalisations and standing with head lowered were measured. The duration of vocalisations and frequency of escape attempts during treatment were greater in all tail docking treatments compared to the sham treatment. Piglets in the clipper treatment had higher (p < 0.05) cortisol concentrations at 30 min but not 15 min after treatment and stood for longer (p < 0.001) with head lowered in the first 60 min after treatment than those in the cauterisation treatment. Meloxicam reduced (p < 0.05) both the cortisol response at 30 min after tail docking with the clipper as well as the behavioural response in the first 60 min after tail docking with the clipper. In comparison to the sham treatment, cortisol concentrations at 15 min were higher in the two tail docking treatments whereas the tail docking treatments with meloxicam were similar to the sham handling treatment. In comparison to the sham handling treatment, cortisol concentrations at 30 min post-docking were higher (p < 0.05) only in the clipper treatment. While cauterisation appears to be less aversive than the clipper procedure, the administration of meloxicam did not mitigate the behavioural response during tail docking using either procedure, but reduced standing with head lowered in the first hour after docking for both methods. The commercial viability of administration of meloxicam requires consideration before it is recommended for use compared to cauterisation alone, as it requires additional handling of piglets and costs.

Interrenal, Thyroidal, and Carbohydrate Responses of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Environmental Acidification

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Brown ◽  
J. G. Eales ◽  
R. E. Evans ◽  
Toshiaki J. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cortisol Release

Exposure to acid-treated water (H2SO4, pH 6.0–4.2) for 21 d altered interrenal and thyroid function in immature rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. At a pH < 5.2 plasma Cortisol increased, implying sustained interrenai Cortisol release. Interrenal histology showed hyperplasia and elevated nuclear diameter at pH 4.7. Eight days of acid exposure (pH 4.7) were required to raise plasma Cortisol significantly. At a pH < 4.7 the ratio of plasma T4 (L-thyroxine) to T3 (3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine) tended to increase in relation to the controls. Depending on the experiment, this was due to either a significant elevation in plasma T4 or a decrease in plasma T3. No histological changes were evident in the thyroid of acid-treated trout. Eight days of acid exposure (pH 4.7) were required to depress plasma T3. Coincidental with higher interrenal activity, plasma glucose was elevated in acid-treated fish (pH < 5.2) after 4 d of exposure. The possible relationships of the endocrinde changes to accompanying acid-induced elevations in plasma glucose and protein and hepatocyte histochemistry are considered, and their possible roles as indices of acid stress are discussed.

scholarly journals Regulation of maternal ACTH in ovine pregnancy: does progesterone play a role?

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. E913-E920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Keller-Wood ◽  
Charles E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration

Pregnancy is characterized by increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. Studies suggest that progesterone acts as an antagonist at mineralocorticoid receptors. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic progesterone, produced by treatment of nonpregnant ewes or during pregnancy, will result in increased plasma ACTH relative to the plasma cortisol concentrations. We studied three groups of ewes: ovariectomized nonpregnant, nonpregnant treated with progesterone, and pregnant ewes. In two series of studies, ewes were adrenalectomized and replaced with 0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1 or 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1 cortisol. In both studies, aldosterone was infused at 3 μg·kg−1·day−1. In the first study, additional infusions of cortisol over 24 h were used to increase daily replacement doses to 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1, and intact pregnant and nonpregnant ewes were studied with infusions of cortisol at 0, 0.5, and 1 mg·kg−1·day−1. In adrenalectomized ewes chronically replaced to 0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1 cortisol, plasma ACTH concentrations were decreased significantly in the nonpregnant progesterone-treated ewes compared with the ovariectomized nonpregnant ewes. With 0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1 cortisol, plasma ACTH levels were greater in pregnant ewes than in nonpregnant ewes with or without progesterone. Overall plasma ACTH levels at 0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1 were significantly related to the plasma protein concentration, suggesting that the ACTH levels in the hypocorticoid ewes are most closely related to plasma volume. Across all steroid doses, ACTH was positively related to plasma proteins and progesterone, and negatively related to cortisol. We conclude that increased progesterone does not alter the feedback relation of cortisol to ACTH, but may modulate ACTH indirectly through plasma volume.

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